2016届高考英语二轮复习讲义练习：第2部分 题型专题突破 专题1 第3讲 专题强化训练（全国卷Ⅱ）

　　推理判断题(一)

　　A

　　(2015·重庆一中一诊)Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(迁徙) north.

　　Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.

　　According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far­reaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.

　　Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesn’t matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.What’s more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.

　　However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。

　　1．What is the major function of Paragraph 1?

　　A．To arouse the reader’s concern.

　　B．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.

　　C．To summarize the whole passage.

　　来源：www.ziyuanku.comD．To state how climate changes.

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.”可知，最新研究数据表明，世界的气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选B项。

　　2．What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?

　　A．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.

　　B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.

　　C．To show the damage earthquakes caused.

　　D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signs of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生着重大变化。故选A项。

　　3．Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes’ effects?

　　A．Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.

　　B．It could lead to the spread of diseases.

　　C．Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.

　　D．Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项错误；根据第二段第一句“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.”可知，B项正确；根据第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.”可知，A项正确；根据倒数第二段最后一句“Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.”可知，D项正确。故选C项。

　　4．What can be inferred from the passage?

　　ziyuanku.comA．Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly.

　　B．There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.

　　C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.

　　D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.

　　解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选D项。

　　B

　　(2016·贵阳高三适应性监测一)

　　Choose your wish list

　　It’s normal for any student’s college wish list to change throughout high school.But when it comes time to apply，many seniors have a hard time narrowing down their choices.

　　There’s no hard and fast answer，but there are several things you can do and ask yourself to make the decision easier.Here are three pieces of advice that might help.

　　Do your research

　　Above all，it’s important to figure out your wants and needs.What do you expect from your education？What are you willing to give up?

　　Veronica Hauad，senior associate director of admissions(录取)at the University of Chicago in the US，said students should start by taking time to figure_out those questions.

　　“Find the thing that’s most important to you，and then you can start searching on that factor and sort things out later，”Hauad said.

　　Don’t focus on rankings

　　It’s easy to focus too hard on school rankings，but don’t let that make your decision for you when you’re looking at colleges.In the long run，rankings probably won’t have a big effect on your education.It’s OK to look at rankings，but don’t obsess(过于执着)over them.Find colleges that really interest you.If they end up being on a top list，think of it as an extra pleasure.

　　Think about your future

　　Here’s an important question to ask all of the colleges on your list：How many of your students find jobs after graduation？An Ivy League school may look good on an application，but what will the college do to help you find a job?

　　Students should also make sure they’re going to college for the right reasons.

　　University of Illinois sophomore(二年级学生) Steve Wang said he has met students who aren’t looking at the bigger picture.“I see a lot of students who go to college for the sake of the college experience—not for a higher education.” Wang explained.“So people show up and spend a lot of time at parties and not really paying attention to schoolwork.That’s not really what college is for.”

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。作者向那些准备申请大学的高中生提供了三个建议：一是做好相关调查；二是不要太执着于大学的排名；三是考虑自己的未来。

　　5．What does the underlined part “figure out” probably mean?

　　A．Let out.B．Look out.

　　C．Make out.

　　D．Check out.

　　解析：选C。词义猜测题。画线短语所在段落的上一段中提到了一些让学生思考的问题，根据逻辑关系可知，Veronica Hauad认为学生应该花些时间弄清楚那些问题，由此可推知，figure out的意思应为“弄清楚”，make out的意思也为“弄清楚”。故答案选C。let out意为“使出来，使(火)熄灭”；look out意为“小心，注意”；check out意为“结账离开”，均不符合文意。

　　6．When you apply to a college，you should ________.

　　A．find out what you really want

　　B．choose the best known college

　　C．consider the things you can do

　　Ziyuanku.comD．quit a chance for further study

　　ziyuanku.com解析：选A。推理判断题。根据作者给即将步入大学的高中生所提供的三个建议的内容，尤其是第三段第一句“Above all，it’s important to figure out your wants and needs.”可知，高中生在申请大学时一定要做好相关调查，弄清楚自己的真正需求，不要太执着于大学的排名，要为自己的将来考虑，选那些能真正吸引自己的大学。A项符合题意。故答案选A。

　　7．Steve Wang spends his main time on ________.

　　A．taking photos

　　B．schoolwork

　　C．parties

　　D．killing time

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。在最后一段中，Steve Wang认为很多学生来到大学，只是为了有上大学的经历，而不是为了接受更高的教育，持有这种想法的学生会经常参加聚会而不把主要精力放在学业上。由Steve Wang的话可推知，他不赞同这种做法，故他的时间应该主要是花在学业上的。故答案选B。

　　8．What is the text mainly for?

　　A．Researchers.

　　B．Educators.

　　C．Applicants.

　　D．Sophomore.

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文章前两段内容可知，这篇文章是给那些即将高中毕业、准备申请大学的学生提供的一些建议。故答案选C。

　　C

　　The other morning on the subway I sat next to an attractive young blonde woman who was reading something on her iPad.She was very well­dressed，carrying a Prada bag with tastefully applied make­up indeed，she had an unmistakable air of wealth，material success and even authority.I suspected she worked as a highly­paid Wall Street lawyer or stockbroker or something of that sort.So，I was curious to see what she was so focused on.The Wall Street Journal perhaps？The Economist?

　　Quite the contrary；rather，she was concentrating on a romance novel.Then I realized that I have known many women who love romance novels—smart，attractive，successful，“liberated”，modern females who nonetheless find some kind of deep satisfaction and thrill from those hyper­romantic，artificial and extremely unrealistic tales of handsome，manly heroes falling in love with virginal women，enduring a series of adventures，then no doubt having a happy ending.

　　These_romance_stories_are_to_literature_what_hot_dogs_are_to_fine_food.Yet，the genre(体裁) remains enormously popular.Consider some of these surprising statistics from the good folks at the Romance Writers of America(RWA)：

　　*More than 9,000 romance titles were released last year，with sales of about $1.44 billion (more than triple the revenues generated by classic literary fiction)．

　　*More than 90 percent of the market are women (okay，that’s not at all surprising)．

　　*Readers are typically women between the ages 30 and 54 who are themselves involved in a romantic relationship (betraying the stereotype that only lonely women long for these tales of love and adventure)．

　　*Almost 40 percent of romance book consumers have an annual income of between $50,000 and $99,900 (placing them firmly in the middle class)．

　　I had thought that romance novels accounted for a very small share of the literary market，so I was quite surprised that this part has such enormous popularity.But I must wonder why so many women—forty years after the women’s liberation movement continue to indulge in the fanciful tales?

　　I’m not sure if it represents a kind of “rejection” of the women’s liberation movement，but clearly something is missing in the lives of contemporary ladies.A romance author named Donna Hatch who focuses on the Regency period (early 19th century Britain) explained the appeal of such books this way：“Regency men were civilized and treated women with courtesy.When a lady entered the room，gentlemen stood，doffed their hats，offered an arm，bowed，and a hundred other little things I wish men still did today.But they were also very athletic；they hunted，raced，boxed，rode horses.They were manly.Strong.Noble.Honorable.And that is why I love them！”

　　Mrs. Hatch may have expressed the secret desires and attitudes of untold millions of her peers—that is，in the early 21st century，have women grown tired of the burdens and expectations that the “freedoms” they have gained give them？Is this a rejection of modern feminism？Do women long for days of old when men were masculine gentlemen and women were feminine and protected as precious treasures and regarded as possessions?

　　Perhaps most women (even the ones who get lost in romance novels) do not want to go all the way back but it is obvious，________.

　　【解题导语】　落难少女情结：现代女性喜爱阅读言情小说的背后。

　　9. What is the function of the opening paragraph?

　　A．To summarize the whole passage.

　　B．To prove the author’s argument.

　　C．To lead in the main topic of the passage.

　　D．To raise problems that will be solved later.

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。本文第一段讲述的是作者在地铁上的一次偶遇，由此引出下文对“现代女性喜爱阅读言情小说的背后”的深思。即第一段为引子，引出文章的话题。故该题正确答案为C项。

　　10．What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply?

　　A．Romance novels are satisfying and thrilling.

　　B．Romance novels are not of much “nutrition”．

　　C．Romance novels are as popular as hot dogs.

　　D．Romance novels are an essential part of contemporary life.

　　解析：选B。句意推测题。因为“A is to B what C is to

　　D．”：A之于B就像C对于D一样。故该句句意应为：言情小说对于文学而言就像热狗对于好的食物一样。且根据有转折意义的下句：但是言情小说却非常流行。可知，该句应是用贬义词来描述言情小说，说其没有营养，故该题正确答案为B项。

　　11．In the author’s opinion，what is missing in the lives of contemporary women?

　　A．Authority.

　　B．Dignity.

　　C．Liberty.

　　D．Care.

　　解析：选D。推理判断题。A.Authority.威信；B.Dignity.尊严；C.Liberty.自由；D.Care.关爱；根据文章倒数第三段可推知，作者认为在当代女性生活中逐渐消失的是D.Care.关爱。

　　www.ziyuanku.com12．Which sentence can be put in the blank in the last paragraph?

　　A．they prefer tales of innocent romance to classics

　　B．they are unhappy with how the world has turned out

　　C．true love described in romance novels does exist in reality

　　D．romance novels provide them with an access to society

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。该题重在寻找关联词和关键词。该句中的连词but及选项B中的unhappy是该题的关键点。故该题正确答案为B项。

　　推理判断题(二)

　　A

　　(2016·辽宁朝阳三校联考)Severely disabled people may soon be able to use their noses to write，drive a wheelchair or surf the Internet，thanks to a device(装置) developed by doctors in Israel.

　　The device will be used by breathing in and out through the nose，according to a study.Healthy people who tested the device quickly learned to play computer games and write sentences by sniffing.Encouraged by the results，the researchers decided to test their device on people who are paralyzed(瘫痪) but whose intelligence remains normal.Ten paralyzed who tested the device quickly learned to use their noses to write words，open a webpage，copy words and put them into a search engine.

　　With their success in helping severely disabled people to communicate，the researchers decided to make use of the new technology to design an electric wheelchair to be driven by sniffs.

　　Ten healthy people easily mastered sniff­driving a wheelchair through a maze(迷宫)，and a 30­year­old man who had been paralyzed from the neck down for six years was as good a sniff­driver as the healthy participants at his second attempt.In other words，a paralyzed person could use the sniff controller to drive an electric wheelchair.

　　At the moment，sniff­controlled technology is still in the stage of development，and the Weizmann Institute has already applied for a patent on the device.“I’ll be very happy if it can help us to make money，but the real problem is that I hope someone will develop it，because this would help a lot of people，”said Sobel，one of the lead researchers of the study.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了以色列医生的一项发明。利用鼻吸，一些残疾人可以使用这项发明完成许多事情，但这项发明还需要进一步地开发。

　　1．What’s the purpose of the passage?

　　A．To introduce a new invention.

　　B．To equip the disabled with life skills.

　　C．To show the nose’s special functions.

　　D．To instruct doctors to apply for a patent.

　　解析：选A。写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了以色列医生发明的可以帮助残疾人的一项装置。故选A项。

　　2．In the test，the paralyzed people with normal intelligence can use their noses to ________.

　　A．type long sentences quickly

　　B．play computer games easily

　　C．enter a website without much difficulty

　　D．communicate with others successfully

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Ten paralyzed who tested the device quickly learned to use their noses to write words，open a webpage，copy words and put them into a search engine.”可知，瘫痪的人可以利用这种装置打开网页。故选C项。

　　3．With the help of the sniffing device，a 30­year­old disabled man ________.

　　A．spent six years learning how to drive a wheelchair

　　B．failed to drive through the maze at his first attempt

　　C．took the wheelchair controlled by healthy participants

　　D．managed to drive an electric wheelchair by sniffing

　　解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，一位30岁的残疾人可以通过鼻吸驾驶电动轮椅。故选D项。

　　4．From the last paragraph，we can infer that the sniff­controlled technology ________.

　　A．will be applied to other fields of research

　　B．needs further developing to serve more people

　　C．has become an important patented invention

　　D．shows the wisdom and talents of Israel doctors

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“At the moment，sniff­controlled technology is still in the stage of development”可知，这项技术仍需进一步开发。故答案选B。

　　B

　　(2015·海口调研测试)

　　A Missouri mom was left stunned after her newborn baby girl was born with two perfectly formed front teeth.

　　Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital in Branson just three days after Christmas，reports ABC 7.

　　And the tiny infant surprised everyone by showing off a pair of pearly bottom front chompers.

　　“Right when she first arrived，everybody was just shocked，”said Bailey.

　　“Just like，‘She has two front teeth？No kidding？Really？’It was just a big talk about it in the delivery room，”she added.

　　Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the baby’s fangs.

　　“She said in her 25­year career this is the second time she’s even seen it，” Bailey told CNN.

　　Dr. Laura Corio，a clinical professor of obstetrics and genecology at New York’s Mount Sinai Hospital，said it was not common for babies to be born with teeth.But she added it was not completely unheard of either.

　　“Teeth can be present in oral cavities at birth and may be related to certain other health problems but not always，”she told ABC news.

　　The National Institute of Health reports that one in every 2,000 to 3,000 babies are born with teeth—usually appear on the lower gums.

　　Bailey said she would be keeping an eye on the tiny teeth，as they would come loose and cause a choking hazard.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇资讯报道。一位妇女产下一个长着两颗漂亮门牙的女婴，这让包括妇女本人在内的所有在场的人惊讶不已，大感惊奇。

　　中华资源库 ziyuanku.com5．Who is Jaklina Bailey?

　　A．A doctor.

　　B．The baby’s mother.

　　C．A CNN reporter.

　　D．A clinical professor.

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段“Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital...”可知，Jaklina Bailey是新生儿的妈妈。故选B。

　　6．Which group of words are closest in meaning?

　　A．Teeth，gums，fangs.

　　B．Chomper，delivery，hazard.

　　C．Infant，career，cavity.

　　D．Stunned，startled，shocked.

　　解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“A Missouri mom was left stunned...”第四段中的“everybody was just shocked”以及第六段中的“Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the baby’s fangs.”可推知，这几处分别表达了Bailey、旁观者和医生看到新生儿长了两颗牙齿时的惊讶，所以D项中这几个词的意思相近，意为“惊讶，吃惊”。故选D。

　　7．According to Dr.Laura Corio，________.

　　A．she has never seen a baby born with teeth

　　B．little Alyssa is not alone to be born with teeth

　　C．babies born with teeth have other health problems

　　D．one in every 2,000 to 3,000 babies are born with teeth

　　中华资源库解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第八段第二句“But she added it was not completely unheard of either.”可知，这位医生说这种情况也不是完全没有听说过的；由此可推知，Alyssa并不是唯一一个出生时就长了牙齿的婴儿。故选B。

　　8．What type of writing is the text?

　　A．A news report.　

　　B．A medical digest.

　　C．An announcement.

　　D．A hospital introduction.

　　解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“reports ABC 7”可知，本文应该是一篇资讯报道。故选A。

　　C

　　(2015·西宁检测一)

　　“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before，”says Patsy Rowe，“Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar.” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint about the noise.Here are some examples of rudeness.

　　Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet.To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds.When you have dinner with friends，you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone.We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life­changing news，so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with.What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by e­mail.

　　However，rudeness is never acceptable.Don’t assume it is OK to be rude if the person you’re in touch with won’t recognize you.If you have something awful to say，have the courage to face the person and say it，write a letter or an e­mail and sign it，or forget it.Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.

　　We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。现代人比从前更加粗鲁。不过这不是科技的错，而是人们自己的错。人们不仅要看到别人的无礼行为，更应该欣赏别人的礼貌行为，这样才更有助于改善人们粗鲁的行为。

　　9．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?

　　A．People can tell good from bad behavior.

　　B．Radar is able to observe human behavior.

　　C．People care little about their behavior.

　　D．Radar can be used to predict human behavior.

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。阅读第一段可知，本段主要说明了“People are ruder today”(现在的人们更加粗鲁)这一观点。由此可以推知“Manners have fallen off the radar.”也是在强调人们变得粗鲁这一事实。故选C项。其余选项与本段中心无关。

　　10．Some people are less willing to deal with humans because ________.

　　A．they are becoming less patient

　　B．they are growing too independent

　　C．they have to handle many important messages

　　D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds.”可知，一些人认为，与科技相比，和人打交道就像是在退化，速度太慢。这是这些人没有耐心的表现。由此可知，A项正确。B项意为“他们变得太独立”；C项意为“他们有许多重要信息需要处理”；D项意为“他们不得不跟着退化”，都不符合原文意思。

　　11．The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is ________.

　　A．ridiculousB．disgusting

　　C．acceptable

　　D．reasonable

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by e­mail.”中“What is worse”(更糟糕的是)以及第三段最后一句“Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.”中“cruel”和“disgusting”可知，作者认为给别人发匿名粗鲁的信息是无礼的表现，是令人厌恶的。故选B项。A项意为“可笑的”；C项意为“可接受的”；D项意为“合理的”，都不符合原文内容。

　　12．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A．We should applaud good behavior.

　　B．Technology can never be blamed.

　　C．We should keep pointing out mistakes.

　　D．Technology will take over our lives one day.

　　解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中“but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them”可知，作者认为如果我们能够更多地欣赏别人的礼貌行为，这对于改变现在人们粗鲁的表现将更有帮助。由此可知，A项正确，意为“我们要赞扬礼貌的行为”。根据本段第一句“We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings.”可知，B项中“never”说法过于绝对；根据最后一句可知，C项错误，我们应该指出别人的粗鲁之处，但更要欣赏别人的礼貌之处；根据本段第二句“Technology is ...but we should not allow it to take over our lives.”可知，D项错误。