专题强 化训练 第2讲 介词和介词短语 专题2 形容词、副词、介词和介词短语 2016高考导航——适用于全国卷Ⅱ 专题2 形容词、副词、介词和介词短语 考查点 2015 2017 2017 命题趋势 介词 全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第二处[in] 全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第四处[for] 未考 介词的考查形式多样,除了单纯考查介词的基本用法外,还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外,在定语从句中,也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。在短文改错中以考查介词的误用和漏用为主。因此在学习时要注意介词的一词多义;介词短语搭配;熟记考查频率较高的介词短语;掌握语境语义。 介词短语 全国卷Ⅱ47题[at the same time] 1.全国卷Ⅱ44题[(next) to]
2.全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第九处[(listen) to] 全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第七处[(have a connection) with/to] 1. (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ,语法填空,节选)When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day;____________ the same time,they warm up again for the night. 2. (2015·云南昆明三模) The watches arrived in stores ____________late April.They are sold at different prices,beginning at $349. 考点一 高频介词 at in 3. (2016·辽宁葫芦岛高三联考) The largest quantity of illegal drugs ever was found____________a London flat yesterday. 4. (2015·海口二模) ____________his incredible
talent,Messi has surprised the world. in With 1.at (1)表示时间的一点,时刻等,如:at 12:00,at noon(在中 午),at night(在夜里),at midnight(在半夜),at dawn/daybreak(在黎明,破晓),at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日 落),at dusk(在黄昏)。 (2)固定搭配:laugh at,at the same time,be surprised at, be good at等。 2.in (1)表示在某个较长的时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月份及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等),如:in the 1980’s/1980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening。 (2)表示地点:in Beijing,in the classroom。 3.on (1)用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如:某日、某节 日、星期几等),如:on October the first,on a rainy day,on National Day等。 (2)用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上,如:on Christmas Eve(在圣诞前夕),on the morning of January the third等。 (3)准时,按时:on time。 4.by (1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不带冠词。如:by sea,by water,by land,by air等。 (2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词需用单数,其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如:by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship等。 5.with 含义 例句 和……一起,和, 同,跟 具有,带有 Put this bag with the others. 把这个包和其他的包放在一起。 The dictionary is what I want,but I don’t have enough money with me. 这本字典正是我想要的, 但是我没带够钱。 含义 例句 (表示同时或同一方向)随着 (2017·高考江苏卷,书面表达,节选) With the number of English learners on the rise,it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.随着英语学习者的数量越来越多,对他们来说在汉语的上下文里理解这些英语单词并不是很困难。 含义 例句 由于,因为 (表示方式)用 (2017·高考北京卷,书面表达,节选)There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school. 在我们学校自行车存放处有一个长久以来就存在的问题。 What will you buy with the money?你会用这笔钱买什么? 单句语法填空 1. (2015·大庆市二轮复习检测) The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale____________a
reasonable price,and the house was within a stone’s throw
of a railway station from which there were frequent trains to the big city. 2. (2015·重庆顶级名校5月模拟) A farmer,Mr.Tan,said
that the storm began early____________the morning and
lasted for over an hour. at in 3. (2015·云南保山高三针对性训练) They say that compared to children who grow up in homes____________smokers, children with parents who smoke have smaller lungs and
more illnesses. 4. (2015·四川乐山模拟) ____________its first day of trading,Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $46 a share. without On 1. (2015·吉林松花江中学调研) He searched_________ the bag day and night.He also sent his workers in search but none could find it. 2. (2015·四川南充自主诊断) Look back and think how often you’ve judged roughly,said unkind things,pushed yourself ahead____________the cost of a friend. 考点二 介词短语 for at 3. (2015·哈尔滨二模) At first,they went on a day trip, taking advantage____________special trip tickets on the
railways. of 一、介词与某些词类的搭配 1.形容词与介词的固定搭配 形容词+at 形容词+of 形容词+with angry,mad,good,bad,clever,surprised,excited,disappointed等 afraid,frightened,ashamed,aware,convinced,short,full,fond,proud等 angry,connected,content,familiar,patient, pleased,popular,satisfied,strict等 形容词+in 形容词+to 形容词+for 形容词+about weak,different,rich,interested,successful,absorbed,disappointed,experienced,confident等 good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,close,similar,familiar等 sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry,responsible等 sorry,anxious,careless,certain,curious,enthusiastic,particular,optimistic等 2.名词与介词的固定搭配
名词+to 名词+in 名词+on key,answer,visit,apology,introduction,attitude,monument,devotion等 interest,expert等 congratulations,effect等 3.动词与介词的固定搭配
动词+about 动词+for 动词+at 动词+from speak,talk,think,worry等 answer,call,apply,beg,care,charge,hunt,hope,wish,long,search,seek等 aim,call,glare,glance,knock,laugh,point,stare等 date,die,differ,hear,keep,stop,prevent,learn,protect,result,separate,suffer等 动词+of 动词+on 动词+in 动词+into 动词+to approve,complain,consist,die,dream,think等 call,carry,depend,feed,insist,pass,try,rely等 break,call,cut,drop,fill,get,hand,join,persist,result,succeed等 burst,change,divide等 agree,attend,belong,compare,devote,get,lead,object,point,refer,reply,see等 二、高频介词短语荟萃 1.表示“状态”的介词短语 at a loss不知所措 at dinner在吃晚餐 at peace处于和平状态
at war在战争中 at work在工作
in high spirits情绪高昂 in need处于困难中
in order整齐 in rags穿着破烂
in surprise吃惊 in trouble在困难中
on business因公出差 on duty在值班
on holiday/vacation
在度假 on sale在出售
on show在展出 on strike在罢工
on the way在途中 out of balance失去平衡
out of control失去控制 out of danger脱离危险
out of date过期 out of order出故障
out of work失业
2.表示“方式”的介词短语 by accident偶然地
by chance偶然地 by hand手工地
by mistake错误地 by nature天生地
by the month按月算 by turns轮流
by weight按重量 in cash用现金支付
in detail详细地 in size在大小上
with ease轻易地 with joy高兴地
with pleasure愉快地 3.表示“超出……;难以……”含义的介词短语 beyond compare
无与伦比 beyond comprehension
难以理解 beyond control
失控 beyond description
难以描述 beyond expression
难以表达 beyond reach
够不到 专题强 化训练
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