2016届陕西省咸阳市高考英语二轮复习选练：七选五类任务型阅读（2）

　　陕西咸阳市2016高考英语（二轮）七选五类任务型阅读选练（2）

　　【题文】第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余

　　Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn’t mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or another, you’ll have to stand up and say, “ problems, I don’t want you in my life.”

　　__36__ Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children---the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shapes and colors and feelings.

　　But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems. Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. __37__ Talking helps you move on and let go.

　　Write your problems. __38__ When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system. You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.

　　Don’t lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don’t lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family… you should still have faith. __39__

　　Your problems aren’t the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there’re another one million people whose problems are huger than yours. __40__ Your problems might just seem big and worse, but in reality they can be removed.

　　Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.

　　A. Of course, we’ve been fighting troubles ever since we were born.

　　B. When we have a problem, a pressing, critical, urgent, life-threatening problem, how do we try and solve it?

　　C. Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don’t want a real person to talk with.

　　D. But the truth is that when you talk about it, you’re setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.

　　E. We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.

　　F. Tell yourself: when they can deal with them, why can’t I?

　　G. With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose.

　　七选五36-40 ADCGF

　　任务型阅读（A）

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

　　The world would have been so much better if we all knew to say and do the right thing at the right time. However , that is not the case,especially when it comes to instilling (逐步培养) proper behavior in kids. Behavior modification(BM) techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behavior in children as well as adults.

　　Behavior modification refers to establishing appropreciate behaviors in individuals and discouraging those that are not desirable. Behavior modification techniques are developed largely according to the principles of operant conditioning by B.F. Skinner, an American behaviorist. These techniques are used in behavior modification therapy that aims to correct and instill appropreciate behavior in children.

　　The most commonly used behavior modification techniques are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment. Positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing a desired behavior through the process of rewarding it. This can be done by praising the individual as soon as he performs a desirable behavior. Negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or a behavior because the desired behavior was performed. For example, letting a child not help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a form of negative reinforcement. Punishment is something that we all can relate to. Yes, it is just what it means. However, when put in words,punishment refers to subjecting(使服从于) an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behavior.

　　The behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement. However,parents should realize that these techniques can’t be relied upon totally for child behavior modification. Though the behavior modification techniques lead to quick results, a parent should continuously try to cultivate in his child the ability to appreciate the reason why such a behavior is expected of him. This can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parent-child relationship.As a parent, don’t make the reward a monetary one. Try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward.

　　A parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance so that the child gets a clear idea of what is expected and what is not . Although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behavior modification in children,both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play. Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management, teaching social problem-solving skills like alternative thinking , and continuous monitoring of a child’s behavior. It is true that there are various behavior modification techniques available for encouraging proper behavior in children. However, there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate environment.

　　1.Definition

　　2.based

　　3.Purpose

　　4.Common

　　5 .Removing

　　6.Punishment

　　7.effectively

　　8.Stick

　　9.teachers

　　10.deal/cope

　　任务型阅读（）

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

　　注意：每空格1个单词D. R. Gaul Middle School is in Union, Maine, a blueberry-farming town where the summer fair finds kids competing in pig scrambles and pie-eating contests.

　　Gaul, with about 170 seventh- and eighth-graders, has its own history of lower level academic achievement. One likely reason: Education beyond the basic requirements hasn't always been a top priority for families who've worked the same land for generations. Here, few adults have college degrees, and outsiders (teachers included) are often kept at a respectful distance.

　　Since 2002, Gaul's students have been divided into four classes, each of them taught almost every subject by two teachers. The goal: To find common threads across disciplines to help students create a big picture that gives fresh meaning and context to their classwork -- and sparks motivation for learning.

　　Working within state guidelines, each team makes its individual schedules and lesson plans, incorporating non-textbook literature, hands-on lab work and field trips. If students are covering the Civil War in social studies, they're reading The Red Badge of Courage or some other period literature in English class. In science, they study the viruses and bacteria that caused many deaths in the war.

　　Team teaching isn't unusual. About 77 percent of middle schools now employ some form of it, says John Lounsbury, consulting editor for the National Middle School Association. But most schools use four- or five-person teams, which Gaul tried before considering two-person teams more effective. Gaul supports the team concept by "looping" classes (跟班) so that the same two teachers stick with the same teens through seventh and eighth grades. Combining teams and looping creates an extremely strong bond between teacher and student. It also, says teacher Beth Ahlholm, "allows us to build an excellent relationship with parents."

　　Ahlholm and teammate Madelon Kelly are fully aware how many glazed looks they see in the classroom, but they know 72 percent of their eighth-graders met Maine's reading standard last year -- double the statewide average. Only 31 percent met the math standard, still better than the state average (21 percent). Their students also beat the state average in writing and science. And in2006, Gaul was one of 47 schools in the state to see testing gains of at least 20 percent in four of the previous five years, coinciding roughly with team teaching's arrival.

　　1 achieved

　　2. Further

　　3. closed

　　4.motivated

　　5.adopeted/conducted

　　6. tie/connection/bond/relationship

　　7. success

　　8. reaching/meeting

　　9. 10/ten

　　10. witnessing/seeing

　　Subjecting an individual to

　　a negative condition

　　(6)___

　　Reinforcing a

　　desired behavior by rewarding it

　　To correct and instill

　　appropriate behavior

　　in children

　　Preventing problems

　　happening in classrooms

　　Teaching how to (10)__

　　with social problems

　　Monitoring children’s

　　behaviors continuously

　　For (9)___

　　(8)__ to the

　　same technique

　　Making the reward

　　a privilege

　　For parents

　　Communicating

　　(7)__with children

　　(5)__a negative

　　consequence or

　　a behavior

　　(3)__ of BM techniques

　　Largely (2)___ on the

　　Principles of Skinner

　　Establishing appropriate

　　behaviors and discouraging

　　undesirable ones

　　Negative reinforcement

　　Positive reinforcement

　　(1)__ of BM

　　(4)__BM techniques

　　BM techniques for children

　　Introduction to BM

　　Behavior modification techniques