2016届四川省蓬溪县高考英语阅读理解及书面表达练习（1）

　　四川省蓬溪县2016高考英语阅读理解及书面表达练习（1）

　　阅读理解A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect.But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled－to $1.01 per pack－smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit.

　　This is not a surprise to public health advocates.They've studied the effect of state tax increases for years，finding that smokers，especially teens，are price sensitive.Nor is it a shock to the industry，which fiercely fights every tax increase.

　　The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message.Tobacco taxes improve public health，they raise money and most particularly，they deter people from taking up the habit as teens，which is when nearly all smokers are addicted.Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.

　　In Manhattan，for instance，which has the highest tax in the nation，a pack of Marlboro Light Kings，cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday.In Charleston，S.C.，where the 7 cent a pack tax is the lowest in the nation，the price was $4.78.

　　The influence is obvious.

　　In New York，high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys－13.8%，far below the national average.By comparison,26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky.Other low tax states have similarly depressing teen smoking records.

　　Hal Rogers，Representative from Kentucky，like those who are against high tobacco taxes，argues that the burden of the tax falls on lowincome Americans “who choose to smoke.”

　　That's true.But there is more reason in keeping future generations of lowincome workers from getting hooked in the first place.As for today's adults，if the new tax drives them to quit，they will have more to spend on their families，cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.

　　【语篇解读】 烟草税增加后，取得了立竿见影的效果——许多烟民纷纷戒烟。然而有些地方却对此充耳不闻，中学生吸烟的比例居高不下。本文让我们意识到：从长远看，通过增加烟草税而使人们戒烟是泽被千家万户的大事。

　　1．The text is mainly about ________.

　　A．the price of cigarettes

　　B．the rate of teen smoking

　　C．the effect of tobacco tax increase

　　D．the differences in tobacco tax rate

　　解析　主旨大意题。本文主要谈论的是烟草税增加后取得的明显效果以及给人们带来的益处。A、B、D三项均为文章的某一方面。

　　答案　C

　　2．What does the author think is a surprise?

　　A．Teen smokers are price sensitive.

　　B．Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.

　　C．Tobacco taxes improve public health.

　　D．Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.

　　解析　事实细节题。由第三段第一句可知，唯 一让人吃惊的是，有些州对此充耳不闻，也就是继续保持低烟草税。

　　答案　B

　　．Rogers' attitude towards the lowincome smokers might be that of ________.

　　A．tolerance

　　B．unconcern

　　C．doubt

　　D．sympathy

　　解析　推理判断题。Roger认为高烟草税是把税收负担加到了低收入的烟民身上，故应该持同情态度。

　　答案　D

　　．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A．The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.

　　B．Lowincome Americans are more likely to fall ill.

　　C．Future generations will be hooked on smoking.

　　D．Adults will depend more on their families.

　　解析　推理判断题。由全文最后一句可知，增加烟草税促使烟民戒烟，可让他们有更多的时间与家人团聚，减少癌症和心脏病的发病率，从长远看，是一件有益的事情。

　　答案　A

　　Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.

　　Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.

　　Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.

　　“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several U．S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.

　　The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.

　　“Across all species, the experiments under­predicted the speed of the advance－for both leafing and flowering－that results from temperature increases，” the study said.

　　The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.

　　Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.

　　Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.

　　So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planet­warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.

　　57. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?

　　A．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.

　　B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.

　　C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.

　　D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.

　　58. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that ________.

　　A．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing

　　B．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents

　　C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments

　　D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change

　　59. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because________.

　　A．they can prove the climate change clearly

　　B．they are very important in the food chains

　　C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming

　　D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before

　　60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?

　　A．It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.

　　B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.

　　C．It is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.

　　D．It needs to be controlled within 2in this century.

　　【要点综述】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。

　　57. B　细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。

　　58. C　推理判断题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。

　　59. B　细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。

　　60. D　推理判断题。从倒数第二段“…has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。

　　阅读理解。

　　For those who are tired of doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).

　　Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES)this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install(安装)a large number of Internet­connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”．

　　Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it's Wi­Fi­enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.

　　The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.

　　Samsung says it's not just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.

　　“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go，” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.

　　The company also says that with electricity rates(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.

　　Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.

　　72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?

　　A. The machine will be a big success.

　　B. Their wives like doing the laundry.

　　C. The machine is unrelated to their lift.

　　D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.

　　73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines?

　　A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing.

　　B. They can be controlled with a smartphone.

　　C. They are difficult to operate.

　　D. They are sold at a low price.

　　74. We can conclude from Samsung's statements that

　　________.

　　A. the app connection makes life easier

　　B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning

　　C. smartphones can shorten the drying time

　　D. we should refresh clothes back at home

　　75. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

　　A. The laundry should be frequently checked.

　　B. Lazy people like using such machines.

　　C. Good technologies also cause problems.

　　D. Television may help do the laundry.

　　【要点综述】短文介绍了一种能为人们带来便利的洗衣机，但是也向我们提出了一个令人思考的问题：新科技会让人们越来越懒惰，如何应对这个问题或许值得深思。

　　72. D　推理判断题。由第二段的Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) this week看出“尽管看上去有点奇怪，但是这项技术对于人们来说已经很熟悉了”。故选D。

　　73. B　推理判断题。由第四段的“The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control…”看出它是由智能手机控制的，由此可知选择B项。

　　74. A　推理判断题。根据文中对这一洗衣机装置以及其功能和操作的描述可以看出，它使得人们的生活更加轻松便捷。故选A。

　　75. C　主旨大意题。最后一段的Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.告诉我们，该项技术能使人们变懒，也就是C项所说的“优良技术也会带来问题”。故选C。

　　【北京市丰台区2017统一模拟】第一节（15分）

　　假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，下个月英国Saint Gorge High School的交换学生要来你校学习。学校招募接待家庭。请你根据以下信息，提出申请并说明理由。

　　1. 家里住宿条件好；

　　2. 英语听说能力强；

　　3. 了解英国人的文化习俗。

　　注意：1. 词数不少于50；

　　2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

　　Dear Sir or Madam,

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　第一节

　　应用类作文（15分）

　　一、评分原则：

　　1. 本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。

　　2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

　　3. 评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否规范。

　　4. 拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

　　5. 词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。

　　二、各档次给分范围和要求：

　　第一档 完全完成了试题规定的任务。

　　·内容完整，条理清楚；

　　·交际得体，表达时充分考虑到交际对象的需求；

　　体现出较强的语言运用能力。

　　完全达到了预期的写作目的。

　　13分—15分

　　第二档

　　基本完成了试题规定的任务。

　　·内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求；

　　·运用的语法和词汇基本满足任务要求；

　　·语法或用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。

　　基本达到了预期的写作目的。

　　9分—12分

　　第三档 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

　　·所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解，未

　　能清楚地传达信息。

　　4分—8分

　　第四档 未完成试题规定的任务。

　　·写了少量相关信息；

　　·语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对写作内容的理解。

　　1分—3分

　　0分 未传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。

　　三、Possible versions

　　Possible version 1

　　Dear Sir or Madam,

　　I would like to host a student from Saint George High School. My house is big enough to give him a room to live in. Also, I am good at English listening and speaking. I have studied a lot about British culture and customs. I can create a welcoming atmosphere for him. I would be very happy, if you give me this opportunity.

　　Thank you!

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua (65 words)

　　Possible version 2

　　Dear Sir or Madam,

　　I feel very excited to know that the exchange students from Saint Gorge High School will come and study at our school. I would like to be a host family. The reasons are as follows:

　　First, my home is big with three bedrooms and two bathrooms. This makes it possible for me to provide the exchange student with good living accommodations. Moreover, I have a good command of English and I am good at listening and speaking. I would be able to communicate with the student easily. In addition, I have a good understanding of British customs and culture, allowing us to have a lot to talk about.

　　Because of the above mentioned reasons I am applying to be a host family. I sincerely hope I will be granted this great opportunity.

　　Thank you very much!

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua (136 words)