2017届高考英语一轮复习知识梳理练习：选修7 Unit 21 Human Biology（北师大版）

　　Unit 21 Human Biology

　　(80分钟104分)

　　Part A

　　一、阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2分,满分14分)

　　A

　　Every year,the fascinating tourist destinations below are attracting travelers from home and abroad to St.Louis,which founded in 1764 by French traders,today is the fifteenth largest urban area in the United States.

　　● American Kennel Club Museum of the Dog

　　Dog lovers who visit St.Louis won’t want to miss this 14,000-square-foot museum.Inside are over 500 paintings,prints,watercolors and a variety of other dog art objects.The Museum is open all year round,Tuesday through Saturday 10 AM to 4 PM,and Sunday 1 PM to 5 PM.Admission is $5 for adults,$2.50 for seniors and $1 for children up to 14.

　　● Anheuser Busch Brewery

　　The Anheuser Busch Brewery tour is not just for beer lovers.The tour includes the historic Brew House.Then the tour continues to the modern Bevo Packaging Plant.The best will be the Budweiser Clydesdale stables.The tours are always free.

　　● Gateway Arch

　　Designed by Eero Saarinen and Hannskarl Bandel,it took over two years and 900 tons of stainless steel to build.It is the tallest of the country’s National Monuments.The Arch is part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.About one million people per year come to the top of the Arch,where there is an observation platform providing a great view of the city.

　　● The St.Louis Zoo

　　First version of the St.Louis Zoo opened in 1904 at the St.Louis World’s Fair,but now it has grown into one of the chief zoos in the world.The passenger train takes visitors around the Zoo,which contains over 9,000 animals of over 800 species.

　　The Zoo is open every day but Christmas and New Year,with summer hours of 8 AM to 7 PM,and hours the rest of the year of 9 AM to 5 PM.Admission to the Zoo is free.

　　(2015·宁夏银川一中月考)

　　1.If you are interested in how to make beer,you can visit . 

　　A.the St.Louis Zoo

　　B.Gateway Arch

　　C.Anheuser Busch Brewery

　　D.American Kennel Club Museum of the Dog

　　2.What can we know about Gateway Arch?

　　A.People can see the city clearly on the top of the arch.

　　B.It was designed by two famous Italian architects.

　　C.It took 900 tons of stainless steel and cement to build.

　　D.It is the largest of the country’s National Monuments.

　　3.If you plan to visit the St.Louis Zoo,you can go there . 

　　A.at 9∶30 am on New Year’s Day

　　B.at 5∶30 pm in winter

　　C.at 5∶00 pm on Christmas Day

　　D.at 8∶30 am in summer

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了美国名城圣路易斯的四个著名景点。

　　1.C　推理判断题。根据第二则广告前两句“The Anheuser Busch Brewery tour is not just for beer lovers.The tour includes the historic Brew House.”可知,百威酒厂有关于啤酒制作的传统作坊,适合对啤酒制作感兴趣者参观,故C项正确。

　　2.A　细节理解题。根据第三则广告最后一句“About one million people per year come to the top of the Arch,where there is an observation platform providing a great view of the city.”可知,站在圣路易斯拱门的最高处,可以俯视全城。故A项正确。

　　3.D　细节理解题。根据第四则广告最后一段可知,圣路易斯动物园除了元旦和圣诞节之外每天都开放,参观时间是夏季早8点至晚7点,其他季节早9点至下午5点。故选择D项。

　　B

　　If you could travel in time,where would you go?Perhaps you would watch an original performance of a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England?What about hanging out with Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period?Or maybe you’d voyage far ahead of the present day to see what the future holds.

　　The possibility of time travel is indeed appealing.Stories exploring the subject have been around for hundreds of years.Perhaps the best known example is the science fiction novel The Time Machine,which was written by H.G.Wells and published in 1895 for the first time.It was adapted into at least two feature films of the same name,as well as two television versions,and a large number of comic book adaptations.It is generally credited with the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively.The term “time machine”,coined by Wells,is now universally used to refer to a vehicle transporting people into the far future.

　　But could time travel actually be possible?Some scientists say yes,in theory.They propose using cracks in time and space called “wormholes”,which could be used as shortcuts to other periods.Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme circumstances.And British physicist Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship—going at nearly the speed of light.Though building such a spaceship would of course be no simple task.

　　Even if you could travel into the past,there is something called the “grandfather paradox”.It asks what would happen if a time traveler were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason,and therefore prevent himself from being born.If the time traveler wasn’t born,how would he travel back in time?

　　And would you really like to visit the future?In H.G.Wells’ book,the main character travels into distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs.He then voyages 30 million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacles(触角).

　　If that’s what’s in store,maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.

　　(2016·北京海淀区期中考试)

　　1.The novel The Time Machine mentioned in Paragraph 2 aims to show . 

　　A.people’s interest in time travel

　　B.the special feature of the book

　　C.the long history of time travel

　　D.the contribution of H.G.Wells

　　2.Einstein’s and Hawking’s theories . 

　　A.have similarities in many ways

　　B.push the invention of the first spaceship

　　C.have proved wrong by some time travelers

　　D.suggest the possibility of time travel

　　3.In Paragraph 4,“grandfather paradox” probably refers to the idea that . 

　　A.the traveler is prevented from meeting his grandfather

　　B.the traveler goes back in time to seek for his grandfather

　　C.the grandfather’s death makes the traveler’s birth impossible

　　D.the reunion of the traveler and his grandfather brings happiness

　　4.According to the passage,what is probably the author’s attitude towards time travel?

　　A.Unclear. B.Skeptical.

　　C.Supportive. D.Unconcerned.

　　【文章大意】本文为议论文,主要讨论了时间旅行的可能性。

　　1.A　目的意图题。第二段第一句“The possibility of time travel is indeed appealing.”为该段主题句,下文举科幻小说《时间机器》为例说明此观点。由此可推测,第二段提到这部小说,是为了表明人们对时间旅行的浓厚兴趣,故选择A项。

　　2.D　细节理解题。由第三段第四、五句可知,两位科学家的理论表明了时光旅行是可能的,故选D项。

　　3.C　词义推测题。由第四段可知,“祖父悖论”指的是如果时间旅行者的祖父被杀,时间旅行者则不可能出生。

　　4.B　观点态度题。从全文看,无论是引用的两位科学家的观点,还是H.G.Wells书中的事例,都说明了作者对时间旅行持有怀疑态度,最后一段更是明确表明了作者的态度,故选B项。unclear “不清晰的”;skeptical“怀疑的”;supportive “支持的”;unconcerned “不关心的”。

　　二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

　　Waiting for a bus can be very 1.(annoy).Often you have been at the bus stop for half an hour,and the bus still doesn’t come.2.,people in Zhongshan,Guangdong don’t have to suffer this.It’s all because of a mobile APP,Zhongshan Real-time Buses.With the APP,people can find out the exact time a bus arrives and set an alarm to remind 3.(them) to go to the bus stop in time. 

　　Five Senior 1 students make the APP possible.At first,they just wanted to add or change bus lines to help make it much 4.(easy) for students at their school to take buses.But later,they wanted to make something that is 5.(benefit) to all the people of Zhongshan.6.(get) technical support,the team turned to the local public transportation group company.They carried out three surveys by collecting questionnaires 7. are completed by about 600 people in shopping malls and bus stops.“The work took up almost all of our spare time for four months,” said Su Yinan,16. 

　　On Feb 25,Zhongshan Real-time Buses was born.The mobile APP,8.(download) more than 60,000 times,now covers over 100 bus lines in the city.The project 9.(win) the first place on the Fifth National High School Students Leadership Convention this summer. 

　　“We are very happy that Zhongshan people are using the results of our efforts,” said Chen,“Students can also make 10. big difference to society.”

　　(2016·黑龙江齐齐哈尔实验中学期中考试)

　　1.annoying。annoying意为“令人烦恼的”,此处作表语修饰“waiting for a bus”这件事。

　　2.However。前文说等车不方便,下文说这一问题解决了,前后为转折关系,故填however。

　　3.themselves。句子主语和宾语均为第三人称people,故宾语应用反身代词themselves。

　　4.easier。much常用来修饰比较级表示程度,故填easier。

　　5.beneficial。此处应用形容词beneficial,在定语从句中作表语。be beneficial to意为“有益于”。

　　6.To get。此处意为“为了获得技术支持”,应用动词不定式表示目的。

　　7.which/that。先行词为questionnaires“调查表”,其后接定语从句的引导词,应用which或that。

　　8.downloaded。此处用过去分词downloaded作后置定语修饰The mobile APP,表被动关系。

　　9.won。由this summer可知本句应用一般过去时,故空处填won。

　　10.a。make a difference为固定搭配,意为“有影响,起作用”。

　　Part B

　　一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

　　Did you know Saint George’s Day?　1　,for many English people the answer to this question will be “No”.We get very excited about Saint Patrick’s Day,and then completely 　2　 that we have our own national day!For me,it’s 　3　 to remember the date as it’s also my grandma’s birthday. 

　　Saint George is the patron saint(守护神)of England.According to the legend(传说),a dragon lived in a lake near a town.People were 　4　 of the dragon and every day they would 　5　 it with two sheep.　6　 there weren’t enough sheep,a child would be fed to the dragon 　7　!One day,the king’s daughter was 　8　.The king didn’t want to lose his daughter;he tried 　9　 money to the town’s people.However,they didn’t want the money and 　10　 his daughter must be fed to the dragon.While the princess 　11　 the dragon by the lake,Saint George rode by on his horse and killed the dragon with a(n) 　12　. 

　　Over the years,different versions of the 　13　 have been told.There are lots of paintings and sculptures 　14　 Saint George.The English flag,which is white with a red cross,is 　15　 as the Saint George’s Cross.Although it is an important day in the Christian calendar,it is a day which passes 　16　 in the UK.It is not a national holiday,　17　 is it a day with many celebrations.Now,organizations such as English Heritage are trying to 　18　 the British public to 　19　 England’s national day.Hopefully,their work will 　20　. 

　　(2015·福建永安质检)

　　1.A.Unfortunately B.Apparently

　　C.Shamefully D.Actually

　　2.A.forget B.realize

　　C.identify D.believe

　　3.A.essential B.possible

　　C.simple D.easy

　　4.A.fond B.tired

　　C.scared D.aware

　　5.A.charge B.leave

　　C.feed D.reserve

　　6.A.While B.As

　　C.Although D.If

　　7.A.still B.instead

　　C.too D.only

　　8.A.killed B.chosen

　　C.saved D.seized

　　9.A.providing B.preparing

　　C.lending D.offering

　　10.A.insisted B.commanded

　　C.swore D.admitted

　　11.A.looked for B.dealt with

　　C.got close to D.waited for

　　12.A.cross B.knife

　　C.sword D.arrow

　　13.A.festival B.dragon

　　C.story D.holiday

　　14.A.appreciating B.describing

　　C.praising D.informing

　　15.A.realized B.known

　　C.used D.shaped

　　16.A.silently B.unbearably

　　C.unnoticeably D.successfully

　　17.A.nor B.and

　　C.either D.even

　　18.A.encourage B.force

　　C.demand D.advise

　　19.A.remain B.celebrate

　　C.hold D.memorize

　　20.A.come out B.turn up

　　C.give in D.pay off

　　【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了英国圣乔治日的由来,鼓励人们庆祝这个全国性的节日。

　　1.C　根据下文可知,圣乔治日是一个很值得纪念的节日,起源于英国,而很多英国人却不了解这个节日,对他们来说这是一件很令人羞愧的事。C项符合语境。unfortunately“不幸地”;apparently“明显地”;shamefully“羞愧地”;actually“事实上”。

　　2.A　我们记得圣巴特里克节并且过这个节日,但是完全忘记了自己国家的节日。由第二句中的“No”可知答案为A项。

　　3.D　对“我”来说很容易记住这个日子,因为这一天也是“我”祖母的生日。故选D项。

　　4.C　由下文“...every day they would 　5　 it with two sheep.　6　 there weren’t enough sheep,a child would be fed up to the dragon　7　!”可知,人们都很害怕这条龙,故选C项。 

　　5.C　每天他们都会向这条龙提供两只羊来享用。下文“...a child would be fed to the dragon 　7　!”提示答案为C项。表示“用……喂……”用feed sb.with sth.或feed sth.to sb.。 

　　6.D　如果没有足够的羊,那么龙就会吃小孩子。此处为虚拟语气,故选D项If,表示假设。

　　7.B　still“仍然”;instead“代替”;too“也”;only“只要”。小孩子是代替羊被龙吃掉的,故选B项。

　　8.B　由下文中的“and　10　his daughter must be fed to the dragon”可知,国王的女儿被选中了。B项符合语境。 

　　9.D　国王不希望自己的女儿被吃掉,便试着出钱给小镇上的人们。offer sth.to sb./offer sb.sth.“向某人提供某物”,为固定搭配。

　　10.A　然而,市民们不要这笔钱,坚持把被选中的国王的女儿喂给龙吃。insist“坚持”,后接宾语从句应用虚拟语气,A项符合语境。command“命令”;swear“保证”;admit“承认”。

　　11.D　此处表示公主在湖边等待龙来吃她。look for“寻找”;deal with“处理,解决”;get close to“接近”;wait for“等待”。

　　12.A　由最后一段第三句中的“Saint George’s Cross”可知,圣乔治是用十字架将龙杀死的,故选A项。cross“十字架”;knife“刀”;sword“剑”;arrow“箭”。

　　13.C　由第二段第二句中的“the legend”可知,此处指关于圣乔治日的由来,这个“故事”被传颂为很多不同版本,C项符合语境。festival“节日”;dragon“龙”;story“故事”;holiday“节日”。

　　14.B　还有很多描摹圣乔治的绘画和雕塑,B项符合语境。appreciate“欣赏,感激”;describe“描摹,刻画”;praise“表扬”;inform“提醒”。

　　15.B　英国的白底红十字旗,是英格兰守护神圣乔治的标志,以圣乔治的十字架而闻名。be known as“以……而闻名”。

　　16.C　根据第一段中的“...for many English people the answer to this question will be‘No’”可知,很多英国人都并不知道这个节日,所以C项符合语境。silently“安静地”;unbearably“无法忍受地”;unnoticeably“未被注意地,被忽视地”;successfully“成功地”。

　　17.A　此处是连续的否定,故选择否定词nor。句意:这不是一个全国性的节日,也没有众多的庆祝活动。

　　18.A　英国遗产署等组织正在鼓励英国公众庆祝这个节日。encourage“鼓励”;force“强迫”;demand“需求”;advise“建议”。

　　19.B　上句中的celebrations提示B项celebrate为正确答案。

　　20.D　希望他们的努力会得到回报。come out“出版”;turn up“出现,被找到”;give in“屈服,让步”;pay off“取得成功,得到回报”。

　　二、七选五阅读填空(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

　　Gratitude keeps us centered and wards off jealousy(妒忌) and negativity.Here are four little things we can do each day to nourish our sense of gratitude.

　　1.Choose your friends wisely.

　　1　 Help your friends develop more positive characteristics by living with those positive characteristics yourself.Know what kind of friends will help you nurture(培育) your soul and set out to find some. 

　　2.Help your friends cultivate gratitude.

　　Before you say something about a friend’s situation,remember that everyone’s situation is unique.I’ve seen it happen to myself and to my friends.They’ll be perfectly happy until someone tells them they’re being mistreated.Suddenly,they’re upset.　2　 Make an agreement with your friends to cut the complaints from your conversations. 

　　3.Say “thank you”.

　　Who in your life do you appreciate?Let them know,whether it’s your mom,your kids,your friends,your husband,your child’s daycare provider or the helpful woman in the restaurant.　3　 Make it a habit and your attention will suddenly turn to all the things people do for you.Also,write thank-you notes regularly and be mindful of all the ways you show your appreciation by the things you do in return. 

　　4. 　4　  

　　Today,try to be aware of all the aspects of your personal,professional and family life for which you are thankful.Take a few minutes today to appreciate nature.　5　 Whether you focus on the stars above,a distant mountain range or the cottonwood tree in your backyard,try to notice the details.Give thanks for the beauty that surrounds you. 

　　Regardless of whether you write down these items,spend some time each day focusing on the little things in your life that make each day special.

　　(2015·南昌十所重点中学二模)

　　A.Be mindful of the little things.

　　B.Let’s work on focusing on what we have.

　　C.A heartfelt thank-you often does the trick.

　　D.Day by day,make a goal to stop complaining about your life.

　　E.Go for a walk and only notice those things that are beautiful.

　　F.At the end of each day,you record at least five things you’re grateful for.

　　G.If you try to be spiritually strong,supportive,energetic and positive,seek those characteristics in others.

　　【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了保持感恩之心的四种方法。

　　1.G　G项“如果你想成为一个性格坚强、乐于助人、充满活力、积极向上的人,就从别人身上寻找这些特点吧”中提到的这些积极特征与空格下一句中的“positive characteristics”相吻合,据此判断G项正确。

　　2.D　由下文“Make an agreement with your friends to cut the complaints from your conversations.”可知,D项顺承文意。complaints为关键信息词。

　　3.C　前文提到要向别人表示感激,接下来介绍了如何向别人表示感激,C项“一句衷心的感谢往往就会奏效”承上启下,符合语境。

　　4.A　该部分第一句“Today,try to be aware of all the aspects of your personal,professional and family life for which you are thankful.”提到要注意你要感谢的人的方方面面,下文“...try to notice the details.”要求关注生活中的细节。据此可知本段的主题是注意生活中的小事,故选A项。

　　5.E　上文中提到“Take a few minutes today to appreciate nature.”,即要找时间去感受大自然,与E项“出去走走,看看周围美好的事物”相呼应,故选E项。

　　三、短文改错(满分10分)

　　One of my favorite hobbies are backcountry hiking.However,after I go hiking,I make sure to have all of the proper necessities.First of all,I wore proper clothing and hiking shoes.This may include taking water shoes if I have plans for hiking through streams and rivers or a reliable jacket to keep warmly.Next,I get my family and friends to know I will be going and when I would return.In addition to these item,I take a plenty of food and water.Finally,I always pack emergency supplies include a lighter.You never know when you will be in need for these things.

　　(2016·河南中原名校联考)

　　1.第1句:are→is。“one of+复数名词”表示“其中一个……”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

　　2.第2句:after→before。“备好必需品”发生在“远足”之前,应把after改为before。

　　3.第3句:wore→wear。短文介绍的是自己经常做的事,应用一般现在时,应用wear。

　　4.第4句:warmly→warm。keep warm是系表结构,意为“保持温暖”。

　　5.第5句:在know后加where。此处表示让家人和朋友知道自己的去处和回来的时间。where与when相呼应,共同作know的宾语。

　　6.第5句:would→will。全文的主体时态是一般现在时,故此处表示将来应用一般将来时。由前面的will也可知答案。

　　7.第6句:item→items。these后应接复数名词items。

　　8.第6句:删除plenty前的a。plenty of“很多,大量”为固定搭配。

　　9.第7句:include→including。including为介词,意为“包括……在内”。此处“应急设备”包括“打火机”,故用including表示主动。

　　10.第8句:for→of。in need of“需要”,为固定搭配。

　　四、书面表达(满分25分)

　　(2016·河北保定模拟)假设你叫李华,你的英国朋友Chris打算在校园网上成立一个中文读书俱乐部,他来信向你寻求帮助和建议。请你根据以下提示回信:

　　1.在网络上发布相关信息;

　　2.在校园内张贴海报;

　　3.定期组织读书活动,交流读书心得。

　　注意:

　　1.词数100左右;

　　2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

　　3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

　　Dear Chris,

　　_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【】本文为书信写作,写作时应注意以下几点:本文旨在给朋友提供帮助和建议,应注意使用有关提供建议的动词、短语和句式;本文应用一般现在时、第二人称;注意适当使用复合句和过渡连接词点缀文章。

　　【参考范文】

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m glad to hear from you and learn that you are planning to set up a Chinese reading club on your school web.It is really cool.I think it is a good idea to post the relevant information on the Internet,which is helpful for people to know about your club.What’s more,you can put up some posters on your campus to attract students’ attention.Also,organizing some reading activities and exchanging what one has gained from the reading will help arouse people’s interest in your club.

　　I hope my suggestions can be of some help to you and your reading club can be a great success.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【范文点评】本文使用了大量的固定短语,如:set up,put up,attract one’s attention,arouse one’s interest,be of help等,让人眼前一亮。同时,恰当使用了过渡连接词如also,what’s more以及复合句如非限制性定语从句、宾语从句等,使得文章一气呵成。