2016届高考英语精品专题必做练习：阅读理解（20）

　　A

　　Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.

　　For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”

　　This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!

　　He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.

　　Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” that’s true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”

　　Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.

　　This kind of deception happens too of often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

　　49. How much did the lottery winner lose?

　　A. One hundred dollars.

　　B. Two hundred dollars.

　　C. Three hundred dollars.

　　D. Four hundred dollars.

　　50. We may infer that the author believes people should _______.

　　A. buy lottery tickets

　　B. make use of half-truths

　　C. not take anything at face value

　　D. not trust the Yucky Company

　　52. What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?

　　A. False statements are easy to see through.

　　B Half-truths are often used to mislead people.

　　C. Doctors like to act in advertisements.

　　D. Advertisements are based on facts.

　　51. What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean?

　　A. final increase

　　B. big advantage

　　C. large share

　　D. total saving

　　B

　　Those who have suffered from insomnia know the sinking feeling of watching the clock tick. Now a new study in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that lying in bed awake may actually contribute to the problem of sleeplessness.

　　The study of 79 adults (average age 72) with insomnia aimed to determine whether brief behavioral interventions for insomnia would help. Traditional behavioral therapy（疗法）requires at least half a dozen hour-long sessions with a therapist — a costly commitment many patients either can't make or don't have access to. Other options include sleep-aiding medications or supplements. In the current study, the 39 participants in the behavioral therapy group received a 45- to 60-minute instructing session, plus a 30-minute follow-up session and two 20-minute phone calls.

　　Doctors offered the following behavioral interventions for improving sleep: reduce time in bed; get up at the same time every day, regardless of sleep duration; don't go to bed unless sleepy; and don't stay in bed unless asleep.

　　The other 40 participants in the study were given printed educational materials about insomnia, which included the same instructions given to the intervention group, but without the individualized sessions with a therapist. Two weeks later, the latter group also got a 10-minute follow-up phone call.

　　At the end of four weeks, the behavioral treatment group was significantly more likely to show improvements in sleep than the printed-materials group. By that time, 55% of those who received behavioral treatment no longer met the criteria for insomnia, compared with 13% of the group that got educational brochures.

　　The good news comes at the same time as a report on the health effects of insomnia from the U.K.'s Mental Health Foundation. The report, Sleep Matters, suggests a link between insomnia and poor relationships, low energy levels and an inability to concentrate. Poor sleep has already been linked to depression, immune deficiency and heart disease.

　　What is the meaning of the underlined word “ insomnia”?

　　A. sleeplessness

　　B. depression

　　C. heart disease

　　D. immune deficiency

　　67. What is the disadvantage of traditional behavioral therapy?

　　A. It can’t help.

　　B. It costs a lot of money.

　　C. It requires sessions with a therapist.

　　D. It includes sleep-aiding medications.

　　68. How to improve sleep according to the doctor?

　　A. Lying in bed awake.

　　B. Get up early every day.

　　C. Don’t go to bed late at night.

　　D. Don’t stay in bed if you are not asleep.

　　69. We can learn from the text that insomnia may cause the following results except________.

　　A. depression

　　B. concentration

　　C. immune deficiency

　　D. heart disease

　　70. What can we infer from the study?

　　A. The intervention group was not given the printed materials.

　　B. The latter group of the study was not given follow-up phone calls.

　　C. The behavioral treatment group was less likely to show improvements.

　　D. The instructing session that the intervention group received is most effective.

　　C

　　（2017福建卷）

　　As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take "direct action", even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies (财政补贴) , which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents (居民) .

　　Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.

　　Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition (联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.

　　We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge.

　　Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.

　　The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an "acceptable" report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion（猜疑）that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.

　　72. We can learn from the first paragraph that__________.

　　A. energy policy catches much attention of the public

　　B. the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms

　　C. many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies

　　D. the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents

　　73. Supporters think that the expansion of wind power____.

　　A. is more rapid than that of carbon-based power

　　B. guarantees an increase in energy output

　　C. is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power

　　D. agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation

　　74. It can be inferred from the passage that____.

　　A. an official report will settle the energy problem

　　B. the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms

　　C. the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation

　　D. political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts

　　75. Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?

　　A. Increase political impact on energy policy.

　　B. Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.

　　C. Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.

　　D. Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.

　　D

　　Very few people were coming to eat at the White Rose Restaurant, and its owner did not know what to do. The price was reasonable and the food was of good quality, but nobody seemed to want to eat there.

　　Then he did something that changed all that, and in a few weeks his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends. Whenever a gentleman came in with a lady, a smiling waiter gave each of them a menu(菜单), The menu looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important difference inside. The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. while the menu that he gave to the lady supplied a much higher price! So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous(慷慨) than he really was.

　　1. Why didn’t people come to the White Rose Restaurant to eat at first?

　　A. Because the price was high.

　　B. Because the food was too cheap.

　　C. Because the food was not good.

　　D. The passage didn’t mention.

　　2. According to the passage we can conclude that the people who eat at this restaurant are mostly _______.

　　A. poor old people

　　B. rich young people

　　C. men with their girl friends

　　D. parents with their children

　　3. The difference between the two kinds of menu lie in _______.

　　A. the color

　　B. the shape

　　C. the price

　　D. the food

　　4. According to the passage we can infer that when men with their girl friends eat at this restaurant, the food was paid _______.

　　A. always by the ladies only

　　B. always by the men only

　　C. sometimes by the ladies

　　D. either by the men or by the ladies

　　5. According to the passage we can know that, generally speaking,_____.

　　A. men are more generous than women

　　B. women are more generous than men

　　C. men like their lady friends to be generous

　　D. women like their men friends to be generous

　　A

　　篇揭露了一个社会问题――

　　49【标准答案】A。

　　【高考考点】细节理解题。

　　【试题解析】从文章第二、三段的I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票).We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets可知这个中奖者买了200美元的彩票，赢了100美元，实际上他输了100美元，并不是真正的赢家。

　　50【标准答案】C。

　　【高考考点】推理判断题。

　　【试题解析】文章通过几个例子最后得出结论，认为人们不应该只从事物的表面来看问题，接受表面上的价值。

　　51【标准答案】A。

　　【高考考点】词义猜测题。

　　【试题解析】从第五段开始一句…her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. 可知表示工作岗位最终增加了200万。

　　52【标准答案】B。

　　【高考考点】推理判断题。

　　【试题解析】第六段前两句

　　Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth.Half-truths常被用来误导顾客。

　　B【参考答案】66—70ABDBD

　　C【考点】考察资讯报道类阅读

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇资讯报道，在英国的鲍尔科姆，人们对于风电项目的发展有了支持和反对两者不同意见。作者在文章里阐述了双方的观点，并提出了自己的意见：把这个问题报道出来，让全国人们对此进行讨论并做出决定。

　　72. 【答案】A

　　【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一句As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.可知没有别的问题比energy policy更引起人们的担心了，也就是说energy policy引起了人们最大的担心。故A正确。

　　73. 【答案】D

　　【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段最后2行Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.可知支持者认为风电的扩张是符合欧盟无碳排放的标准的。故D正确。

　　74. 【答案】B

　　【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段Those who disagree with the rapid expansion ….和 Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables…可知对于风电的扩张方面，两方面的观点是有分歧的。故B正确。

　　75. 【答案】C

　　【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge.可知作者提出把这个问题报道出来，让全国人们对此进行讨论并做出决定。故C正确。

　　【长难句解析】

　　As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.

　　【翻译】最近几天在鲍尔科姆，没有别的问题比energy policy更引起人们的担心了

　　【分析】本句中的few issues cause greater concern than energy policy使用了否定词few加比较级greater连用表示最高级的用法。

　　White

　　Rose 餐馆价钱合理，饭菜也好，但很少有人光顾，店主为此想出了一条妙计，从此餐馆生意兴隆。

　　1. D。判断题。根据第1段可知原文没有说人们为什么不到餐馆就餐，所以答案为D。

　　2. C。细节题。根据第2段第1句 …his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends 可知答案为 C。

　　3. C。细节题。根据第2段 The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. While…the lady supplied a much higher price

　　可知答案为 C。

　　4. B。推断题。根据最后一句 So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous than he really was 可推断出答案为B。

　　5. D。推断题。根据原文可知侍者给男士的那个菜单价格合理，而给女士的那个菜单价格却很高，但两种菜单表面上看却一样，这样女士就会认为她们的男友很大方，因此餐馆的这种做法很受男士欢迎，由此可知女人们喜欢自己的男友大方。所以答案为 D。