2016届高考英语考前必做黄金易错点：专题15 短文改错（专题）（原卷版）

　　专题15

　　短文改错

　　【易错雷区，步步为赢】

　　Passage 1　(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，we'll live to regret it.

　　Passage 2　(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)

　　One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

　　Passage 3　(2015·四川)

　　Hi, Janice，

　　It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.

　　As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.And I started to see this as a time－wasting activity! In fact，I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.How do you think I should do? If you are me，would you talk to him?

　　Please help with me and give me some advice.

　　Grace

　　Passage 4　(2015·陕西)

　　My soccer coach retired

　　in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.

　　At a party，my coach，with a biscuit in his mouth，asked surprisingly who made them and joked，“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”

　　My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!

　　【名师点睛，易错起源】

　　一般情况下，短文改错题会出现以下十个易错点点睛。

　　1.一致关系的错误

　　短文改错题所涉及的一致关系主要包括主渭一致、时态一致、代词指代一致、动词时态与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致等。

　　2.连接手段的错误

　　高考英语短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段。连词使用不当会造成上下文无法衔接。英语中的词与词、句与句必须使用并列或从属连词将其连接起来，，要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步，从而选择相应的连词。若为复合句，首先判断属:厂何种从句，然后根据主从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多余的现象。

　　3.平行结构的错误

　　在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词对应，形容词与形容词对应，分词与分词对应，不定式与不定式对应，短语与短语对应。它经常借助于并列连词and，or，but或连词词组not only...but also...，not...but...，either... or...，neither...nor...，as well as等。

　　4.非谓语动词形式上的错误

　　主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏；to是介词还是不定式符号的辨认(后跟动词原形还是动名词)；现在分词与过去分词的区别。

　　5.多余词汇的错误

　　主要考查程度副词或频率副词，如much，more，often等是否多余。关系代词或关系副词所代替的词是否重复出现。

　　6.冠词使用的错误

　　由于汉语中没有冠词，学生对它的用法感到难以掌握，所以高考英语短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有。常见的错误类型有:不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；不定冠词a与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中的冠词错误等等。

　　7.名词的数与格的错误

　　汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数的变化，而通过在其前加数词来表示。英语则不同，除了在名问前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须将该名词变成复数形式。近几年NMET常考查考生对名词单复数的掌握情况。

　　8.词语搭配的错误

　　主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后缺少介词，英语中的一些固定句型及习惯搭配等。

　　9.词性分辨的错误

　　词在句中的位置及与其他词所形成的修饰与被修饰的关系决定了其正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用与之相匹配的词性。

　　10.行文逻辑上的错误

　　短文改错中的行文逻辑错误是最难改的一种错误。因为要识别和改出某种错误，考生必须细读全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文逻辑发展顺序的基础上，作出正确判断。

　　下面，我们以典型例题试题中几道有代表意义的短文改错题来分析一下这些种类的错误形式。

　　1. 短文改错

　　My car just wouldn’t move any further. It was complete

　　1.

　　dead， and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold

　　2.

　　wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting I’d

　　3.

　　have to spend the night in the ear. Maybe I can find a

　　4.

　　telephone. Actually， I didn’t have to walk far before I

　　5.

　　found a small house standing on a field with a light

　　6.

　　shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door and

　　7.

　　was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the

　　8.

　　door but listened to my story carefully. He said he had

　　9.

　　no telephone， and it wasn’t one within walking distance，

　　10.

　　but offered to come and look at my car.

　　2.

　　My sister found a bird on the roadside. We named him

　　Jack and keep him for about three years. He would greet us

　　1.

　　in a tree outside our bedroom， calling “Hello” as we lay in

　　2.

　　bed in a morning. He also passed "Hello" to the cats when

　　3.

　　they came into the room. We often played a trick on himself.

　　4.

　　We’d throw a coin as far as possibly. Jack would fly away

　　5.

　　and bring it back for us throw again. He would also catch

　　6.

　　the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and

　　7.

　　sing happily. But for the most wonderful thing about Jack

　　8.

　　were his musical ability. Leaving him at home all day， we

　　9.

　　would return at night to hear that he’d picked up from the

　　radio in the day.

　　10.

　　3.

　　Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over

　　1.

　　the world men and woman， boys and girls enjoy sports. Since

　　2.

　　long ago， many adults and children called their friends together

　　3.

　　to spend hours， even days play games. One of the reasons people

　　4.

　　like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In otherwords，

　　5.

　　they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are

　　6.

　　playing games， they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities

　　7.

　　for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy.

　　8.

　　Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American

　　9.

　　big cities， thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.

　　10.

　　4. 短文改错

　　Henry Royce did not like his car， that ran badly and often

　　1.

　　broke down. So he decided to make a best car himself，

　　2.

　　and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls，

　　3.

　　a car maker， was very interested in Royce’s car， but soon

　　4.

　　Rolls arid Royce go into business together. One of their first

　　5.

　　model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907， a Silver Ghost broke the

　　6.

　　world’s record by drive 14，371 miles without breaking down

　　7.

　　once. After the drive， it was cost just over ￡ 2 to put the car

　　8.

　　back into perfect condition. This is not surprising that the Silver

　　9.

　　Ghost was regarded “the best car in the world”.

　　10.

　　5.短文改错

　　There are advantage for students to work while1.

　　studying at school. One of them was that

　　2.

　　__

　　they can earn money， for the most part.

　　3.

　　students working to earn money for their own 4. __

　　use. Earning their own momey allow them

　　5. __

　　to spend on anything as if they please.

　　6. __

　　They would have to ask thier parents for

　　7. __

　　money or for permission to do things by

　　8. __

　　the money. Some students may also to save

　　9. __

　　up for our college or future use.

　　10.

　　__

　　6.短文改错

　　Dear Mr. Brown，

　　I am writing to thank you with your kind help.

　　1.

　　Before you came to teach us， I had not interest in

　　2.

　　English. My pronunciation was terribly. I could

　　3.

　　only speak a few words. But one and a half year later.

　　4.

　　I now think English fun to learn. I got a lost from your

　　5.

　　encouraging words. I will always remember what you

　　6.

　　said， “If you try to， you can be No. 1 !”I hope you’ve

　　7.

　　had peasant journet home and will come to China

　　8.

　　again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9.

　　and send you the photos we take together.

　　10.

　　Yours sincerely，

　　Li Min

　　【名师点睛，易错起源】

　　易错点一

　　“不一致性”错误

　　主要包括：主、谓语不一致； 时态不一致； 语态不一致； 名词的单、复数不一致； 代词指代不一致； 搭配不一致等。

　　例 1、Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for(of) you to let us bring Anne's friend， Gina.

　　例 2 、They finally dropped Gina off at her parents' and made our own way to(to[KG1mm]) home.

　　　例 3、There had been a terrible accident on the highway and， for(as) a result， there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile.

　　　易错点二

　　“行文逻辑”错误。

　　这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句(并列连词)，复合句(从属连词); 六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系； 一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。

　　例 4、Mom， though I may often say it， I do love you. Nobody can take your part in my heart.

　　　例 5、I think， we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water.

　　例 6 、In the end， we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.

　　易错点三

　　“平行结构”错误

　　平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词and，but，or或连词词组not only…but also…，not…but…，either…or…，neither…nor…，as well as等。

　　例 7 、For example，

　　how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television on?

　　例 8、 Do some nice things for your parents…like cooking， doing the dishing， or clean the floors.

　　例 9、On the other hand， 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers， and buy plants and young trees.

　　易错点四

　　“词性、词形”错误

　　主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。要弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系，比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。

　　例10、Whenever I think of the old days， I feel very happily.

　　　例 11 、And after many attempts， she past her driving test and told her husband that…

　　例 12、 “…but I still couldn't get used to it—in fact， I've nearly killed three peoples.”

　　　易错点五

　　“动词的变化”错误

　　主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。

　　例 13、Third， we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing， especially bath water…

　　　例 14、 I notice(d) Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman.

　　例15、 After hear your sad stories， he will say some words that are nice and warm.

　　易错点六

　　“特殊疑问词”“连词”和“引导词”错误

　　特别是which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等。

　　例16、 Here is my idea about how a friend is like.

　　例 17 、No lectures this morning so I think I'd email you and let you know what things are going.

　　　易错点七

　　“多词”错误

　　多词错误一般有如下几种类型：1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言； 2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠； 3)介词多余； 4)助动词、系动词多余； 5)多冠词； 6)定语从句中的成分重复； 7)程度副词和频率副词，如 much，more，often等的多余； 8)多余小品词to等。

　　例 18 、To begin with， all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only…

　　　例 19 、…especially bath water for which is quite a lot， and that will save much water.

　　　易错点八

　　“缺词”错误

　　缺词现象常见有：1)缺系动词； 2) 缺介词； 3) 缺冠词、物主代词等限定词； 4) 在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词； 5)缺连接词；

　　6)缺否定词；

　　7)缺不定式符号to等。

　　例 20 、 I'm writing to tell you opinion about water saving.

　　　例 21 、It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me(mine) who is going to Beijing.