2016届江苏宿迁宿豫中学高考英语专题复习精练：阅读理解（3）

　　阅读理解（3）

　　A

　　It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama's Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words,

　　“a brilliantly (精彩地) written

　　book”.

　　However,

　　he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way

　　which suggested

　　he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.

　　And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't.

　　In the World Book Day's “Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams From My Father is at number 9.

　　The

　　report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I'm not one to lie too often (I'd hate to be caught out), I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell's 1984.

　　I think it's really brilliant.

　　The World Book Day report also has some other interesting

　　information in it.

　　It says that many people lie about having read

　　Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven't read him, but haven't lied about it either) and Herman Melville.

　　Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in­depth!

　　But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J．K.

　　Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty­two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I'll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)．

　　1．How did the author find his friend a book liar?

　　A. By judging his manner of speaking.

　　B. By looking into his background.

　　C. By mentioning a famous name.

　　D. By discussing the book itself.

　　2．Which of the following is a “guilty secret”

　　according to the World Book Day report?

　　A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top­ten list.

　　B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

　　C. The author admitted having read 9 books.

　　D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.

　　3．By lying about reading, a person hopes to

　　________.

　　A.

　　control the conversation

　　B.

　　appear knowledgeable

　　C. learn about the book

　　D. make more friends

　　4．What is the author's attitude to 58% of readers?

　　A. Favorable.

　　B. Uncaring.

　　C. Doubtful.

　　D. Friendly.

　　[文章大意]　世界读书日的一个调查报告表明：有些人撒谎说他们读过某本书，其实他们根本没有读。他们撒谎主要是想给别人留下深刻的印象。

　　1．D。考查细节理解。根据第一段的倒数第二句可知，作者与朋友进一步交流对奥巴马所写的书的看法。根据朋友所说的话，作者断定他根本没有读过这本书。

　　2．B。考查细节理解。根据第二段的倒数第二句并结合上文“The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading”可知，42%的人撒谎说读过《1984》这本书。

　　3．B。考查推理判断。根据文章第四段的第一句可知，撒谎说读过某本书的人是为了给别人留下深刻的印象，由此可推知B项正确。

　　4．C。考查态度推断。根据文章第五段中的“am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”可知，作者对58%的人说的话感到吃惊，即他对这些话的真实性表示怀疑。

　　B

　　Mom and dad are two of the most important people in your life.

　　And they're likely to influence you more than anyone else.

　　It's parents' job to love and guide kids — and most parents will do this as long as they live, even when the “kids”

　　are grown­ups and have children of their own. That means you have many years ahead to share with your mom and dad. So how to get along with parents?

　　Spend time together. When at home, ask your mom and dad to play with you instead of playing a computer game or watching TV. Go outside together, try a board game, or read a book out loud.

　　Share your feelings and ask for help.

　　Many kids say they'd like their parents to help them when they're upset.

　　But your mom or dad might not know that you're having a problem.Tell a parent if you're sad or struggling with something.

　　Be kind.

　　Little things might mean a lot to your mom or dad.

　　You can brighten a parent's day with a hug，a card, or a joke.

　　It's also lovely when a kid offers to help fold the laundry or cleans up his or her room without being asked.

　　________.Some families are always kissing and huggiing，and saying “I love you”，while other families may not do like that. But it's important to show that you care for each other. In addition to kisses and hugs, kids and parents show their love by respecting each other, and being polite and thoughtful.

　　Do your best at whatever you do. You don't have to be perfect, but when you do your best, you make your parents proud. It makes them happy to see how you're turning into such a great kid.

　　5. The writer wrote this passage________.

　　A. to ask parents to help their kids when they are upset

　　B．to show the importance of building a good relationship between kids and parents

　　C．to give kids advice on how to build a close relationship with parents

　　D．to advise parents to pay attention to their words and deeds

　　6. If you want to make your parents proud, you should________.

　　A. do whatever your parents ask you to do

　　B. respect your parents by showing your love and care

　　C. spend as much time as possible together with them

　　D. try your best to do whatever you do

　　7．Which can be filled into the blank in Paragraph 5?

　　A. Show your respect

　　B.

　　Show your concern

　　C. Give a hand

　　D. Share your experiences

　　8. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Your parents may influence you more than anyone else.

　　B．Play with parents when at home rather than play computer games or watch TV.

　　C．Kids are unwilling to share their feelings with parents.

　　D．Little things such as a hug can make your parents happy.

　　[文章大意] 　本文为说明文。父母是我们一生中对我们影响最大的人，我们要和父母共度很长的时间，那么如何和父母建立亲近的关系呢？作者就如何与父母相处给出了一些建议。

　　5．C。考查写作意图。根据第一段中的“So how to get along with parents？”可知，作者写作的意图是：给我们一些与父母相处的建议。

　　6．D。考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，D项正确。

　　7．B。考查段落大意。本条建议的中心内容是“it's important to show that you care for each other”，也是本段的主旨。

　　8．C。考查细节判断。根据第三段中的“Many kids say they'd like their parents to help them when they're upset”可知，答案为C。

　　C

　　Three people who received a kidney, heart and liver from a donor who had rabies(狂犬病) appear to be in good health, despite going months without treatment for the infection, according to a new report. In March, health officials reported that one man had died from a kidney transplant because the kidney came from a donor infected with rabies.

　　None of the patients had signs of rabies infection, even though 18 months had passed since their transplants. Before these cases, researchers thought that rabies transmission after transplantation would be rapid, occurring within six weeks. People who receive transplants typically take drugs to suppress (抑制) their immune systems,

　　making infections even more likely.

　　The three patients received rabies treatment, and still show no signs of illness. It's possible that the type of rabies virus that infected these patients takes a longer time to make people sick,

　　the researchers said.

　　Patients may also have been exposed to a low dose of the virus. The report raises questions about how rabies viruses spread after transplantation，and where they live in the body when the infection is not active,

　　said the

　　researchers from the

　　Centers

　　for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　Because rabies infections are so rare, screening all organ donors for rabies infections is not practical, the researchers said. However, doctors should develop

　　a plan to help them recognize infectious encephalitis — a brain infection that can be caused by rabies — in donors. Organs from donors with infectious encephalitis should only be used in extreme circumstances, the researchers said.

　　The donor in this case frequently engaged in hunting and animal trapping, and had got many bites from a raccoon(浣熊) before his death.

　　Although the donor's family was asked whether the

　　donor had

　　been

　　exposed

　　to

　　rabid(患狂犬病的)animals, they said he had not. More specific questions about risk for exposure to rabid animals — questions such as: whether a donor spent a lot of time interacting with wildlife－may be a more effective way to screen organ donors, the researchers said.

　　1．Before the cases in the passage it was generally believed that________.

　　A. there was a great risk in receiving organ transplant

　　B. rabies transmission spread fast after transplantation

　　C. the organ recipient would have to take a lot of drugs

　　D.

　　the immune system was easily infected after transplantation

　　2．After the three patients were contacted________.

　　A.

　　they showed signs of being infected with rabies

　　B. they felt incredibly scared and embarrassed

　　C. they received some related physical examination

　　D. they got treated for rabies from organ transplant

　　3．What does the fourth paragraph imply?

　　A. It is quite easy to find rabies infections in donors.

　　B.

　　People with encephalitis are safe donors.

　　C.

　　Donors with encephalitis should be avoided in any case.

　　D. Organ donors should be in a state of good health.

　　[文章大意]　美国一名患狂犬病的男子死后将器官捐赠给3个病人，至今他们仍未显现任何被传染的迹象。但近期却有一个病人死于狂犬病人的器官捐赠，对此研究人员进行了调查。

　　1．B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第二句可知，在这种情况发生之前，研究人员认为，器官移植后狂犬病病毒会加速传播。故选B项。

　　2．C。推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The three patients received

　　rabies treatment，and still show no signs of illness.”可知，相关人员找到这三位受捐者后，给他们做了身体检查。故选C项。

　　3．C。推理判断题。根据文章第四段的最后一句可知，患有传染性脑炎的病人的供体器官可用于极端情况中。故选C项。

　　D

　　Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳).

　　To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素)

　　and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

　　So far as the brain is concerned, it can

　　work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?

　　Some scientists declare that most of our

　　fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists,

　　J. A.

　　Hadfield, says,

　　“The greater

　　part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.

　　In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”

　　Dr. Brill,

　　a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

　　What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated－those

　　are

　　the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

　　1．What surprised the scientists a few years ago?

　　A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer's

　　blood.

　　B. Albert Einstein didn't feel worn out after a day's work.

　　C. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.

　　D. A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins.

　　2．According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?

　　A. Challenging mental work. B. Unpleasant emotions.

　　C. Endless tasks. D. Physical labor.

　　3．What's the author's attitude towards the scientists' ideas?

　　A. He agrees with them.B. He doubts them.

　　C. He argues against them. D. He hesitates to accept them.

　　4．We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to

　　________.

　　A. have some good food

　　B. enjoy their work

　　C. exercise regularly

　　D. discover fatigue toxins

　　[文章大意]　与常人的认识截然相反，有研究表明人的大脑不会疲劳，造成疲劳感的是人的情绪和情感，而不是大脑的反应。

　　1．C。考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long...”和后面的“To the amazement of these scientists...no fatigue at all”可知，许多年前，科学家们惊讶地发现人的大脑是不知疲倦的。

　　2．B。考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段第一句中的“...comes from our mental and emotional(情感的)attitudes”和该段最后的“due to emotional problems”可知，导致sitting workers疲劳的是情感问题。

　　3．A。考查作者态度。作者虽然没有直接表达个人的态度，但是通过文章的措辞和语气不难看出，作者是支持科学家的观点的。文章第一句开篇就点明“an astonishing and significant fact”，另外，全文以第一人称复数形式进行陈述，并且穿插了有关科学家的例子和观点，这些都能帮助我们把握作者的弦外之音。

　　4．B。考查推理判断。既然疲劳是人的情感因素所致，那么对sitting workers来说，保持良好的心情，培养对工作的热爱之情当然是保证他们精力充沛的灵丹妙药了。