2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专题提分考点课件：9 介词

　　语法专题

　　语法提分微点案 考点9　介词和介词短语 微视角　大领悟

　　微学堂　涨分数

　　微考场　新演练

　　介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率非常高。介词往往与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句等一起构成介词短语，以表示它与其他词在时间、方式、方向、位置等方面的关系。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。在语法填空题中重点考查考生根据语境灵活运用介词的能力。考生应注意总结介词与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。

　　微视角　大领悟 　

　　练知考情　会方法技巧 1．(2015·新课标卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. 解析：句意：当新的一天到来时，这些墙已经释放完了它们的热量，现在足够冷，能让房子在炎热的白天保持凉爽；与此同时，它们在晚上又会变得温暖。根据句意可知此处考查固定搭配at the same time，意为“与此同时”。 2．(2017·辽宁卷)Don't laugh ________ me. I may look funny. 解析：句意：不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。laugh at“嘲笑”，是固定搭配。 at

　　at

　　3．(2017·新课标卷Ⅰ)I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 解析：句意：我找了个靠窗的位置，那样我可以很好地看到人行道。next to“紧挨着，紧靠着”，为固定短语。 to

　　语法填空题中，如果空格后是名词、代词、动词－ing形式或what从句，且它们不是在句中作主语，也不是作动词的宾语时，这个空格就很可能是填介词。这是因为： 1．介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动词－ing形式或what从句。 2．名词、代词、动词－ing形式或what从句在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语或介词的宾语。如果不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，就应该是作介词的宾语。 1．(2015·新课标卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 答案与解析：on→in　在橱窗里看到了玩具应用in。 2．(2015·陕西卷短文改错)My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案与解析：去掉in　last week/last year/last month等前不加介词。 3．(2015·四川卷短文改错)Please help with me and give me some advice. 答案与解析：去掉with　help sb.“帮助某人”为固定用法，无介词with。 4．(2017·新课标卷Ⅰ短文改错)Nearly five years ago, with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes. 答案与解析：by→of　结合句子中的with the help可知是在父亲的帮助下，因此应该是with the help of sb.这个结构。 5．(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ短文改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 答案与解析：listening后加to　listen to music“听音乐”。 6．(2017·辽宁卷短文改错)We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. 答案与解析：figure后加out　figure out ...“想出……”。 1．固定搭配中介词的误用 2．介词在句中的多余或漏用 ①及物动词后直接加宾语，不用介词，而不及物动词后需加介词。 ②last, next, this等后接名词表时间时前不用介词。

　　微学堂　涨分数　

　　语法精讲　明重点难点　

　　介词 用法 with ①和……一起；随着…… ②因为…… ③具有/带有……；with复合结构 at ①表示片刻的时间点 ②表示“在某处”，指在一个较小的地点 ③表示产生某种情绪的原因，意为“因为……而……”“一听到/看到/想到……就……” in ①表方位，在某范围内，特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容，要用in ②表时间，后接表时间段的名词短语，指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作 ③表示材料、语言、方式、声音 介词 用法 on ①表示时间，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning与on the morning of 1st, May的区别 ②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻 ③表示与某一方面内容相关，意为“关于” ④与名词或动名词连用，意为“一……就……” from 表示“来自”或“从……时间开始” through ①表示从事物内部穿过，与介词in有关 ②表示通过，凭借 across 从事物的表面通过，与介词on有关 介词 用法 over ①表示在表面的正上方，与under相对 ②表示“从某事物上方越过” ③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆盖 ④与表示时间段的名词(短语)连用，表示“经过、跨过某一个时间段” beyond ①表示方位，意为“超过，在……较远的一边” ②表示超出理解、信任的范围或能力所及的范围 for ①表示“对于，至于，适合于” ②表示“为了(目的)；支持” against ①表示“反对，反抗，违背” ②表示“倚，靠，逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与……相对抗” 1．介词与名词类 at breakfast在吃早饭；at home在家里；at the cinema在电影院；by accident偶然；access to能够进入；能够使用；attitude to/towards对……的态度；effect on对……的影响；lack of缺乏。 2．动词＋介词类 worry about为……担忧；talk about谈论；hear about听说；laugh at嘲笑；smile at对……微笑；shout at对……大喊；knock at敲击；hear from收到……的来信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb. of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。 3．介词与形容词 busy with忙于；good for对……有好处；pleased with对……感到满意；interested in对……感兴趣；kind to对……友好。

　　微考场　新演练　

　　好题巧练　拿高考满分　

　　Ⅰ.单句训练 1．Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves

　　half an hour. 2．The two brothers decided to leave

　　midnight, for they had many miles to cover. 3．Mr. Smith met his wife

　　the shop in 1941. 4．The athletes from all over the world arrived

　　Beijing yesterday. 5．They jumped

　　the fence and fled away. 6．His father goes to work

　　car every day. 7．He made a living

　　selling newspapers when he was young. 8．The skier's red clothes stood out clearly

　　the snow. 9．The young mother whispered something

　　her children. 10．It's obvious that the new manager is rich

　　experience. in

　　in

　　at

　　in

　　in

　　over

　　by

　　by

　　against

　　to

　　Ⅱ.语法填空 What do you know about Scotland's famous Loch Ness monster(尼斯湖水怪)? One thing you may not know is that “Nessie” could have been named ____________ Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK. Recently ____________ (discover) papers show that Sir Peter Scott, the first person to study the mythical animal ________ the Scottish Highlands, asked the Queen if she would let the monster be named “Elizabethia Nessie” if it were ever found. After he found out that the Queen was very interested ________ the mythical animal, he came up ________ the idea of naming it Elizabeth Nessie. The Independent reported. with

　　after

　　discovered

　　in

　　in

　　The documents ___________________ (discover) in the scientist's archive(档案) at Cambridge University. It ___________ (show) that the Queen even asked to be sent personal updates about the search ________ “Nessie”. But Martin Charteris, the Queen's private secretary at the time, said in a reply ________Sir Peter's letter that there would have to be enough ____________ (evident) of the monster before it could.

　　evidence

　　were discovered

　　showed

　　for

　　to