2017届高考英语一轮复习必备单词素材：Unit 14 Careers（北师大版）

　　Unit 14　Careers

　　[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]

　　1.aid n．援助，帮助

　　2.quarrel vi.

　　争吵，吵架

　　3.reward n.

　　奖赏

　　4.charge vt.

　　收费，要价

　　n.

　　负责

　　5.liquid n.

　　液体

　　6.consult vt.

　　请教；查阅

　　7.grain n.

　　谷物，谷粒

　　8.decrease v.

　　减少，降低

　　9.flexible adj.

　　灵活的，柔韧的

　　10.envy vt.

　　羡慕，妒忌

　　11.bother vt.

　　打扰；烦扰

　　12.continent n.

　　大陆，洲

　　13.commit

　　vt.投入→committed adj.尽责的

　　14.appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委派→appoint vt.任命，指派；预约，安排

　　15.constantly adv.不断地→constant adj.不断的；不变的

　　16.illegal adj.不合法的，违法的→legal adj.合法的

　　17.guidance n．指导→guide n．向导，导游v.带领，引导

　　18.wisdom n. 智慧→wise adj.明智的，聪明的

　　19.instant n．片刻，瞬息 adj.瞬间的，立即的，紧急的→instantly adv.即刻地，马上地→instance n．例子；事例；情况

　　20.surrounding adj.附近的，周围的→surround v．包围，围绕→surroundings n．环境

　　21.inspect v．审查→inspection n．检查，视察→inspector n．检查员，视察员

　　22.glory n．荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事→glorious adj.光荣的，荣耀的

　　23.hesitate v．犹豫，踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫，踌躇

　　24.existence n．存在→exist v．存在

　　25.comfort n．& vt.(使)安慰，舒适→comfortable adj.安慰的，舒适的

　　26.operate vi.运转，运作；做手术 vt.操作→operation n．操作，手术→operator n．操作员；接线员

　　27.respond vi.回复，回答；反应→response n．回复，响应，反应，回答 用所给词的适当形式填空1.Without hesitation (hesitate) the brave soldier jumped into the lake to save the drowning child.

　　2.I reminded him of the appointment, but he didn't make any response (respond)．

　　3.Animals' protective coloring enables them to blend with their surroundings (surround)．

　　4.A country should mainly rely on the strength and wisdom (wise) of its own people.

　　5.A thinking person must commit (committed) himself to working for peace.

　　6.It's illegal (legal) to read people's private letters without permission.

　　7.It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence (exist)．

　　8.She is constantly (constant) under pressure and it is affecting her health.

　　9.I made an appointment with my friend Tom yesterday. He told me that he was appointed to a remote village.(appoint)

　　10.Her father is an expert operator. Only he can operate the new machine in the factory.(operate)

　　11.“Don't be disappointed，” he comforted his friend.“Let's go to the beach and the sunlight and wind will make you more comfortable. That is，you can get more comfort there.”(comfort)

　　12.The guide led us to the tourism spot and then all our activities took place under her guidance.(guide)

　　13.The instant my father received the news that my grandpa became ill, he went to the hospital instantly.(instant) 1. “谷物”相关词汇清单①corn玉米

　　②wheat

　　小麦

　　③rice

　　大米

　　④soybean

　　大豆

　　⑤millet

　　小米

　　⑥grain

　　谷物，谷粒

　　2.由liquid想到的

　　①fluid n.

　　流体

　　②solid n.

　　固体

　　③gas n.

　　气体；燃气

　　④steam n.

　　水蒸气

　　3.说说“七大洲”

　　①Asia

　　亚洲

　　②Europe

　　欧洲

　　③North America

　　北美洲

　　④South America

　　南美洲

　　⑤Africa

　　非洲

　　⑥Oceania

　　大洋洲

　　⑦Antarctica

　　南极洲

　　4.“帮助”家族

　　①aid n．&vt.

　　帮助；援助

　　②help n．&vt.

　　帮助

　　③assist vt.

　　帮助；协助

　　④assistance n.

　　帮助；协助

　　⑤support n．&vt.

　　支持；帮助

　　⑥sponsor vt.

　　赞助

　　⑦fund vt.

　　资助

　　5.inspect近义词大全

　　①check v.

　　检查，核对

　　②examine v.

　　检查，审查

　　③investigate v.

　　调查

　　④go over

　　检查

　　6.聚焦“频度”副词

　　①seldom

　　不常；很少

　　②constantly

　　经常地

　　③frequently

　　频繁地

　　occasionally

　　偶尔；间或

　　rarely

　　很少地

　　continually

　　不断地

　　usually

　　通常，经常

　　ever

　　曾经

　　7.汇总­ory结尾名词

　　dormitory

　　宿舍

　　territory

　　领土

　　observatory

　　天文台

　　glory

　　荣耀的事

　　[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]

　　1.take_charge_of　接管，控制

　　2.make_up

　　编造；组成

　　3.make_out

　　假称；听出，看出

　　4.go_into_detail(s)

　　讨论，细谈

　　5.speak_up

　　大声地说，自由

　　而大胆地说出

　　6.sit_up

　　坐直；熬夜

　　7.believe_in

　　信任，信仰

　　8.turn_over

　　反转

　　9.pay_off

　　得到好结果；取得成功

　　10.keep_up_with

　　跟上，赶上

　　11.in_case

　　以防万一；万一

　　12.due_to

　　由于

　　13.in_addition

　　此外

　　14.turn_up_

　　出现，到达

　　15.above_all

　　最重要的是

　　16.leave_behind

　　留下来，将……

　　落在后面 选用左栏短语填空1.If you ask the fast runner to set the pace, then most of them will be left_behind.

　　2.We couldn't make_out what they were talking about in the next room.

　　3.He devoted most of his time to his training and his effort paid_off eventually in the Olympics.

　　4.Can you give me some advice on how to make_up for the time I have lost？

　　5.Small sailboats can easily turn_over in the water if they are not managed carefully.

　　6.We arranged to meet at 7：30, but she never turned_up.

　　7.You'd better not believe_in him. He is a cheater.

　　8.Mother set the pace so that her children would keep_up_with her.

　　1.up短语全接触

　　①build up　逐渐增强；建立

　　②hang up

　　挂起来；挂断电话

　　③pick up

　　捡起；学会

　　④bring up

　　抚养；教育

　　⑤dress up

　　穿上盛装；打扮

　　⑥clear up

　　澄清；放晴

　　⑦take up

　　占据；从事

　　⑧make up

　　编造；组成

　　2.归纳all短语

　　①after all

　　到底，毕竟

　　②first of all

　　首先

　　③in all

　　总共

　　④all at once

　　突然；同时；马上

　　⑤all of a sudden

　　突然

　　⑥all the best

　　万事如意

　　⑦all the same

　　尽管如此，仍旧

　　⑧above all

　　首先；最重要的是

　　[背原句] [记句式] [会仿用]

　　1.The instant she stopped asking questions, I got up and went out of the room.

　　她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间。 the instant引导时间状语从句。 在机场我一看见他就立即认出他来了。The_instant_I_saw_him at the airport, I recognized him at once.

　　2.Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.

　　在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最先进的国家的公民将会发现赶上变化的需求越来越难了。 find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.。 没有人认为对你来说不需要外力帮助就能轻易地完成那项工作。Nobody thinks_it_easy_for_you_to_finish the work without outside help.

　　3.I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.

　　那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。 as long as 引导条件状语从句。 只要你努力学习，你迟早会成功的。As_long_as_you_study_hard,_you will succeed sooner or later.

　　4.It's not about making men more like women, but helping men to communicate as well.

　　其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男人同样良好地沟通。 not ...but ...“不是……而是……”。 有时是你说话的方式而不是你说话的内容才是重要的。Sometimes it is not_what_you_say_but the way you say it that matters.

　　5.Whatever I do, it will be with music.

　　我无论做什么，都与音乐有关。 whatever引导让步状语从句。 无论发生什么事，我们都将不会放弃学习。We will never give up studying, whatever_happens.

　　1．reward n．奖赏，回报vt.奖赏；给以报酬

　　[高考佳句]　You mentioned that you could teach English as a reward, which is exactly what I want. (2015·四川高考书面表达)

　　你提到作为回报你可以教我英语，这也正是我想要的。

　　(1)give sb.a reward for (doing) sth.

　　因(做)某事而得到奖赏

　　in reward (for)

　　作为(对……的)报酬/回报

　　(2)reward

　　sb.with sth.for (doing) sth.

　　因(做)某事用某物奖励某人

　　①He received a medal in reward for his bravery.

　　＝He was_rewarded_with_a_medal_for

　　his bravery.

　　他因勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。

　　②In_reward for their kindness, many of the family have won high positions in the government, with power and fame.

　　善有善报，他家有许多人都在政府部门做大官，权高名重。

　　[辨析比较]　reward, award

　　试一试　选择以上词语填空

　　Li Ping was ①rewarded for saving a boy and she was ②awarded a medal at the conference.

　　辨一辨

　　名词 动词

　　reward 报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬 多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for (doing) sth.

　　award 奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似 意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb.

　　2．charge vt.收费，要价；指控；充电n.负责；费用

　　[高考佳句]　Thirdly, I wonder how much you will charge us for the six­week course.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)

　　第三，我想知道六周的课程你会收取我们多少钱。

　　(1)in charge of 主管……，掌管/管理……

　　in/under the charge of sb.

　　在某人掌管之下，由某人负责

　　take charge of

　　管理，负责

　　(2)charge sb. money for sth.

　　向某人索取……的费用

　　free of charge＝for free

　　免费

　　(3)charge sb. with ...

　　指控某人……

　　①The traffic policeman charged the driver with speeding.

　　交警指控那个司机超速驾驶。

　　②With the ticket, you may get a French fries free_of_charge/for_free in KFC.

　　凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。

　　③I'll be

　　in charge of the whole factory when Mr Black is away.

　　＝The whole factory will be

　　in_the_charge_of me when Mr Black is away.

　　布莱克先生不在时，由我负责整个工厂。

　　[熟词生义]　读句子猜含义

　　④The shaver can be charged and used while travelling.充电

　　3．consult vt.请教；查阅

　　[高考佳句]　If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better consult your doctor at once.(2015·天津高考单选)

　　你如果对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好马上咨询你的医生。

　　(1)consult sb. about sth. 　向某人请教/咨询某事

　　consult with sb. about sth.

　　与某人商量某事

　　consult a dictionary/map

　　查字典/地图

　　consult with sb. about/on sth.

　　就某事与某人交换意见

　　(2)consultant n.

　　顾问

　　Before visiting a strange country, if you don't want to get into trouble you'd better consult those people who went there before about the customs there.

　　在参观一个陌生的国家以前，如果你不想陷入麻烦，最好向以前去过那儿的人咨询一下那儿的风俗习惯。

　　When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult/refer_to/turn_to_a_dictionary.

　　当拿不准一个词的词义时，查查词典。

　　He consulted_with_his_partners_about/on the investment.

　　他与合伙人就那项投资交换了意见。

　　[形象记忆]　

　　4．commit vt.投入；使承诺；犯(错误，罪行等)

　　[教材原句]　I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.

　　那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。

　　(1)commit sb. to (doing) sth.使某人承诺(做)某事

　　commit oneself to (doing) sth.

　　答应(做)某事

　　commit sth. to sth.

　　调拨，拨出……供使用

　　commit suicide/a crime/a murder

　　自杀/犯罪/谋杀

　　(2)commitment n.

　　承诺；保证；承担义务

　　make a commitment

　　作出承诺

　　The contract commits him to playing (play) for the team for the next three years.

　　合约规定以后3年他要为该队效力。

　　The local government has_committed_large_amounts_of_money_to housing projects.

　　当地政府已在住宅项目上投入了大量资金。

　　I felt I did not have to make_such_a_commitment to them.

　　我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。

　　5．hesitate v．犹豫，踌躇，不愿意，有顾虑

　　[高考佳句]　If there is something else I can do for you, please don't hesitate to contact me.(2015·天津高考书面表达)

　　如果我还能为你做点什么，请马上与我联系。

　　(1)hesitate to do sth.

　　＝hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.

　　对(做)某事犹豫不决

　　(2)hesitation n.

　　踌躇，犹豫

　　without hesitation

　　毫不犹豫地

　　have no hesitation in doing sth.

　　毫不犹豫地做某事

　　In the event of difficulties, please do not hesitate to_contact (contact) our Customer Service Department.

　　如果遇到困难，请尽快和我们的客户服务部联系。

　　I hesitate about/in/at/over taking

　　his side until I know the whole story.

　　我在知道整件事以前犹豫是否支持他。

　　We have_no_hesitation_in_accepting your most generous offer.

　　我们毫不犹豫地接受你最慷慨的捐赠。

　　6．decrease v．&n.减少，降低

　　[教材原句]　Jobs in farming, coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly.

　　农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位正迅速减少。

　　(1)decrease in ...在……方面降低/减少

　　decrease to ...

　　减少到……

　　decrease by ...

　　减少了……

　　(2)a decrease in ...

　　在……方面减少

　　on the decrease

　　在减少

　　①After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that there was a decrease in classroom violence.

　　冲突解决程序在亚特兰大开始运行后，(人们)发现教室暴力有所下降。

　　②In our school the number of students who are addicted to computer games is on_the_decrease.

　　在我们学校迷恋网络游戏的学生数目正在下降。

　　③The number of teaching staff members in this school has_decreased_to 700 persons.

　　这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。

　　[联想发散]　像decrease to/by ... 表示“减少到/减少了……”类似用法的动词还有：increase, reduce, decline, drop等。

　　7．operate vi.运转；运作；做手术，起作用 vt.操作；经营

　　[教材原句]　Similarly, companies will operate in different ways.

　　类似地，公司也会以多种形式运营。

　　(1)operate on sb./sth.　给……动手术

　　(2)operation n.

　　运作；经营；手术

　　bring/put ...into operation

　　使……运转；实施

　　sth.comes/goes into operation

　　实施，生效；开始运行

　　in operation

　　在运行中，起作用

　　perform an operation

　　做手术

　　She was very anxious while her husband was being operated on.

　　当她丈夫正在接受手术治疗时，她焦虑万分。

　　When the machine is in_operation,_keep away from it.

　　机器运转时，请勿靠近。

　　We must bring/put_the_plan_into_operation as soon as possible.

　　我们必须尽快让计划实施。

　　[形象记忆]

　　[名师指津]　operate可单独使用，用主动形式表示被动意义，这时其后常跟副词well, properly等。

　　8．respond vi.反应；回复，回答

　　[教材原句]　Many more people will work for small, dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market.

　　很多人将在那些充满活力的小公司里工作，因为这些公司能够对市场的变化迅速地作出反应。

　　(1)respond to　回答……，对……作出反应

　　respond that

　　回应称

　　(2)response n.

　　回答；反应；响应

　　make a/no response to ... 对……给予/没有回答

　　in response to

　　作为对……的反应

　　Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.

　　接收到一条信息并不意味着你需要回复。

　　In_response_to the features above, the following measures have been taken in system design.

　　针对上述特点，在系统的设计上已采取以下措施。

　　The famous film star made_no_response to the questions asked by reporters.

　　那位知名影星没有对记者的提问给予回答。

　　9．bother vt.烦扰，打扰，使恼怒，使不安vi.烦恼，担心，麻烦，费心n.麻烦；令人烦恼的事或人

　　[高考佳句]　I'm sorry to bother you, but could you direct me to the station？(2017·湖北高考短文写作)

　　对不起打扰你了，你能告诉我去车站的路吗？

　　(1)bother sb. with/about sth.

　　因某事麻烦某人

　　bother about sth.

　　为某事费心，为某事烦恼

　　bother to do/doing sth.

　　费心做某事

　　It bothers/bothered sb. that ...

　　使某人烦恼/担心的是……

　　(2)put sb. to any bother

　　给某人添乱

　　why bother

　　没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦

　　①Most of the papers didn't even bother reporting/to_report(report) it.

　　大多数报纸甚至懒得去报道这件事。

　　②It_bothers_Tom_that he can't find a job that he really likes.

　　使汤姆烦恼的是，他不能找到一份他真正喜欢的工作。

　　③I don't want to put_him_to_any_bother,_so I try doing it by myself.

　　我不想给他添乱，所以我试着靠自己做这件事。

　　[名师指津]　bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物”“讨厌的人”讲时，是单数可数名词。

　　Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/完成句子)

　　1．We had no hesitation in helping

　　(help)

　　the people in Tianjin when the explosion accident happened.

　　2．In response (respond) to complaints, the company reviewed its safety procedures.

　　3．Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.

　　4．I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working

　　(work)

　　on Sundays.

　　5．After consulting the doctor about her disease, she knew it wasn't serious and felt much relaxed.

　　6．Whether the factory will be in the charge of me or not, I will resign.

　　7．Don't_bother_your_deskmate_about/with (不要麻烦你的同桌) the math problem. Try to work it out by yourself.

　　8．I can hardly imagine she should kill her friend out_of_envy (出于嫉妒)．

　　9．He quarreled_with_his_best_friend (和他最好的朋友争吵) about the issue yesterday, but they have made up today.

　　10．No one can tell exactly when the world came_into_existence (开始存在).

　　Ⅱ.重难点多练

　　1．decrease万花筒

　　介、副词填空

　　①The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 20% last month.

　　②The members of the association have decreased to three hundred.

　　③The species of plants is decreasing in number every year.

　　④A few years ago it was an endangered species,

　　but now the population is on the increase.

　　2．reward面面观

　　(1)选词填空(reward/award)

　　①Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for writing. In his spare time, he is always ready to help young writers. How can we reward his kindness?

　　(2)一句多译

　　那位老教授因对国家的贡献而获得光荣称号。

　　—1The_old_professor_received_a_title_as_a_reward_for_his_contributions

　　_to_the_nation. (reward n．)

　　②—2The_old_professor_received_a_title_in_reward_for_his_contributions_to_the_nation. (reward n．)

　　②—3The_old_professor_was_rewarded_with_a_title_for_his_contributions_to_the_nation.

　　(reward v．)

　　.阅读词汇专练

　　1．根据语境选出charge的词性和词义(A)n.收费，要价　(B)n.控告，指控　(C)n.主管，掌管　(D)v.收费，要价　(E)v.控告，指控　(F)v.充电

　　She takes charge of the day­to­day running of the company.

　　__C__

　　②We have to make a small charge for refreshments (饮料). __A__

　　③Several people were arrested but nobody was charged.

　　__E__

　　④He will be sent back to England to face a charge of armed robbery.

　　__B__

　　⑤Do you think the museums should charge for admission?

　　__D__

　　⑥Before use, the battery must be charged.

　　__F__

　　2．根据语境选出operate的词性和词义

　　(A)vt.操作　(B)vi.起作用　(C)vi.运转

　　(D)vt.经营

　　(E)vi.动手术

　　They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.

　　__D__

　　②When searching for some information, we can operate it by touching the screen. __A__

　　③As we all know, solar panels can only operate in sunlight.

　　__B__

　　④The doctors operated on her stomach last night.

　　__E__

　　⑤The workers have the machine operating day and night.

　　__C__

　　1．make up占，形成，构成；弥补；编造；整理；化妆；和好；组成

　　[经典例句]　He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.(牛津P1056)

　　他编了个借口，说他的女儿病倒了。

　　[一词多义]　写出下列句中make up的含义

　　①Nothing can make up for what they have suffered.

　　弥补

　　②They quarrelled the other day but they made up soon. 和好

　　③Leave this notice hanging on your door, asking the servant to make up your room. 整理

　　④I don't like to see women making up in public.化妆

　　⑤Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.占，构成

　　make out　(费力)理解；假装；辨认出；看清楚

　　make it

　　取得成功；准时到达；做到了

　　be made up of

　　由……组成

　　make for

　　移向；走向，促成；有利于

　　make up for

　　弥补，补偿

　　⑥They'll do all they can to make_up_for the economic

　　losses.

　　他们要尽一切力量弥补这些经济损失。

　　⑦The flight leaves in twenty minutes — we'll never make_it.

　　航班二十分钟后离开，我们赶不上了。

　　[联想发散]　be made up of 表示“由……组成/构成”，其同义短语还有：consist of, be composed of等。

　　2．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；还清，偿清；(付清工资后)解雇

　　[经典例句]　We paid off our mortgage after fifteen years.(牛津P1461)

　　我们历经十五年的时间还清了抵押借款。

　　[一词多义]　写出下列句中pay off的含义

　　①It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.

　　偿清，还清

　　②At last, his years of hard work paid off and he was admitted into Beijing University.得到好结果

　　③The boss paid off the employee due to his bad mangement. (付清工资后)解雇

　　pay back偿还；报复

　　pay for

　　付……的钱；遭受惩罚

　　pay up

　　(把应付的钱)付清

　　pay a visit to

　　参观……；看望……

　　④Unless you pay_up,_they'll cut off your gas supply.

　　你要再不支付拖欠的煤气费，他们就要停止你的煤气供应。

　　⑤I'll certainly pay_you_back for what you did to me!

　　你那样对待我，我一定会回敬你！

　　⑥If you don't work hard now, you'll pay_for it later when you fail your exams.

　　如果你现在不努力学习，到考试不及格时就得为此付出代价。

　　[名师指津]　pay off当“(努力、辛苦)取得好结果，得到回报”讲时，为不及物动词短语，在句中用主动语态。

　　3．in case以防万一；万一；假如

　　[教材原句]　Work with more than one program in case you have to use them at work, and try to read about new technology.

　　学习几种软件以备工作之需，并努力了解新的技术。

　　in case of ...假使……，在……情况下

　　in any case

　　无论如何

　　in no case

　　绝不，在任何情况下都不

　　in this/that case

　　如果是这样/那样

　　in the case of ...

　　就……而言

　　as is often the case

　　这是常有的事

　　①Please leave your phone number in_case we lose touch in_case_of emergency.

　　请留下你的电话号码，以防有紧急情况发生时我们失去联系。

　　②In no case should_the_patient be allowed to get up until he has recovered from his illness.

　　病人要痊愈后才能起床。

　　③Haste makes waste, as_is_often_the_case.

　　欲速则不达，这是很常见的现象。

　　[名师指津]　(1)in case后跟状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，有时可用“should＋动词原形”。而in case of后跟名词，不跟从句。(2)in no case位于句首时，句子部分倒装。

　　4．Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find_it_more_and_more_difficult_to_keep up with the demand for change.

　　在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最先进的国家的公民将会发现赶上变化的需求越来越难了。

　　(1)句中使用了“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语“to keep up with the demand for change”，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。

　　①In fact, I still find_it_hard_to_make good friends with her.

　　事实上，我发现还是很难跟她成为好朋友。

　　(2)能用it作形式宾语的常见动词有：think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等。

　　②I don't feel_it_difficult_to_understand the VOA Special English program.

　　我觉得理解美国之音慢速英语节目并不难。

　　(3)it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。

　　③He makes it a rule never to_borrow money.

　　他立志决不向别人借钱。

　　④George made it clear what he wanted.

　　乔治说得很明白他要什么。

　　5．I discovered then that as_long_as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.

　　那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。

　　(1)as long as/so long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。

　　①You can't turn the heat off as_long_as the system is on.

　　只要系统开着，你就不能中断供暖。

　　②You may borrow this book as/so_long_as_you_promise_to_give_it_back.

　　只要你答应归还，你就可以把这本书借走。

　　(2)引导条件状语从句的其他连词有： unless, in case, on condition that, provided/providing (that), suppose/supposing (that), assume/assuming (that), (only) if, given (that) 等。

　　③I can tell you the truth on_condition_that you promise to keep it a secret.

　　我可以告诉你真相，条件是你承诺会保守秘密。

　　④Suppose/Supposing (suppose) that you were a manager of a company, which college student do you want to hire?

　　假设你是一个公司的经理，你想雇用哪一个大学生呢？

　　Ⅰ.基础点全练

　　1．单句语法填空/句型转换

　　①The sharp fall of the stock market caused a panic.

　　②The secretary took charge of the matter until her boss returned.

　　③The number of people who own private cars is on the increase.

　　④Out of envy, I told our teacher the matter.

　　⑤You can borrow my car

　　as long as you promise not to drive too fast.

　　⑥In fact, I still find it hard

　　to arrive there on time.

　　→In fact, I still find it is hard to arrive there on time.

　　⑦You'd better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.

　　→You'd better take an umbrella with you in case it rains.

　　⑧Five players make up the basketball team.

　　→The basketball team is made up of

　　five

　　players.

　　2．运用所学短语完成片段

　　I was appointed to ①take_charge_of (负责) data processing (数据处理) in a company after graduation. I got the job ②due_to (由于) my English major background. The job itself is challenging and it requires basic computer skills. The manager told me to consult my colleagues ③in_case_of (万一) any difficulty. With their aid, I overcame many difficulties. Last month I got promoted ④as_a_reward_for (作为对……的回报) my hard work. All my efforts ⑤paid_off (得到好结果)．

　　Ⅱ.重难点多练

　　1．pay相关短语多棱镜

　　(1)介、副词填空

　　①You'll have to pay off your old loan before being allowed a new one.

　　②You'll have to pay for your selfishness some day.

　　③You must pay up what you owe me.

　　④They informed us of paying back the money we borrowed last year.

　　(2)句型转换

　　⑤This Sunday we will visit Wang Peng, one of our old classmates.

　　→This Sunday we will pay a visit to Wang Peng, one of our old classmates.

　　2．case相关短语点点练

　　(1)用case的相关短语填空

　　①In_case

　　she comes back, let me know immediately.

　　②In_this/that_case,_ you'll want to set yourself a deadline.

　　③I'll keep some of these unused things in_case.

　　(2)句型转换

　　④You should in no case give in to any difficulty.

　　→In no case should you give in to any difficulty.

　　课时练(一)　一、单元考点落实练(练基础)(限时：40分钟)

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．He makes it a rule to give a summary (总结) report of the day's events.

　　2．Has the company responded (答复) to your e­mail?

　　3．To support a poor pupil, I had to decrease (减少) my daily living cost.4．I once helped several middle school students with their English free of charge (收费)．

　　5．Who has been appointed (委派) to look into the mayor's case?

　　6．There are seven continents (洲) in the world, as everyone knows.

　　7．Tom succeeded in overcoming (克服) all the difficulties finally.

　　8.I can operate (操作) a computer freely and speak English fluently.

　　9．It is well known that the Great Wall has existed (存在) for over 2,000 years.

　　10．The best reward (回报) I got is that the child losing parents returned to school.

　　Ⅱ.单句语法填空

　　1．It's not you but he that is (be) to blame for the accident.

　　2．No matter how busy he is, he makes it a rule to read at least 20 minutes a day.

　　3．We are at your service. Don't hesitate to_turn (turn) to us if you have any problem.

　　4．Li Ling and Tao Le quarrelled with each other about/over the style of their wedding.

　　5．After he was retired, his work was turned over to the secretary.

　　6．The farm has been in the charge of my father since my grandpa died.

　　7．In case he arrives (arrive) before I get back, please call me.

　　8．Do you know when this kind of robots came into existence(exist)?

　　9．He switched on the light and examined his surroundings (surround)．

　　10．The spring water is safe to_drink (drink). Just help yourself.

　　11．In response to his criticism, I kept silent.

　　12．They only say such unkind things about you out of envy.

　　13．The teacher told the students that the earth goes (go) round the sun.

　　14．A man should not only commit himself (he) to his work but also to his family.

　　Ⅲ.单句改错

　　1．I charge this man of using the Brotherhood movement to advance his own selfish interests.of→with

　　2．Practice more and you'll find easy to talk with native speakers.find后加it

　　3．In case emergency, break the glass and press the button.case后加of

　　4．As a reward of passing his examination, he got a new watch from his parents. of→for

　　5．He cheated me and I wouldn't believe him any longer.believe后加in

　　6．When meeting with new words, we should consult to a dictionary.去掉to

　　7．The teacher asked the students to make out short dialogues by themselves. out→up

　　8．They responded with my joke by laughing. with→to

　　9．They are due to having a party next week. Will you come along？having→have

　　10．The production cost of these trucks has decreased to one third compared to last year.第一个to→by

　　Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空

　　Now, the speed of change is becoming ①increasingly (increasing) fast. What should we do to keep up with it? Let's take ②a deep breath and try to sense the good things the future offers.

　　The job areas will be most affected ③by technological change. Jobs in farming and heavy industry are decreasing ④while the service industry, the media are booming. ⑤Without doubt, the number of jobs in IT will multiply. There are also many ⑥other important changes ⑦taking (take) place. The job is getting more and more flexible. ⑧In the same way, companies will change to be more dynamic. Good communication skills will be ⑨extremely (extreme) important. New technology is the ⑩driving (drive) force, so don't get left behind.

　　Ⅴ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练

　　(一)依据提示补全短文

　　Mr. Smith, who is my good friend, takes_charge_of (掌管) a company. However (However/Besides/And), at the beginning, he met with a lot of difficulties. But he managed to overcome them. His efforts paid_off (得到了回报) and now his company runs very well. He often says that wisdom and judgment are of great importance on the way to success, but what is more important is never being slow tograsp_opportunities (抓住机会). ①Not others but yourself

　　makes you an envy to others. ②His experience tells us no matter what happens, carry it through firmly to the end, and in this way the final victory will belong to us.

　　(二)按要求将词汇句式升级

　　1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分

　　(1)runs→operates

　　(2)being slow→hesitating

　　2．按要求进行句式改写

　　(1)用强调句型改写句①(强调主语)

　　It_is_not_others_but_yourself_that_makes_you_an_envy_to_others.

　　(2)用whatever和倒装句型改写句②

　　His experience tells us whatever_happens,_carry it through firmly to the end, and only in this way will_the_final_victory_belong_to_us.

　　二、完形填空提速练(练专项)(限时：20分钟)

　　(2016·河南六市第一次联考)After graduation from college, I was offered a white­collar job in an office in Manhattan. We had large __1__ overlooking a busy street. I stood by one of them one day, when a young lady walking on sideway __2__ and made eye contact — naturally, I __3__.

　　That was the beginning of making others happy. When things were __4__， I stood in the window and waved at the passengers who looked up and this made me smile — work __5__ was washed away.

　　Late afternoon was the __6__ time. Rush­hour traffic filled the street with cars and buses. After waving became __7__， I tried to improve my act. I made signs，“Hi！”，“Hello！”， and “Be Happy！” I __8__ them in the window and waved.

　　__9__ Day was drawing near. Job cuts were announced. Several co­workers would __10__ their jobs. Stress reached a high point. Everyone felt __11__. We needed to do something to break the tension.

　　While working one night, a red jacket __12__ my attention. I used my __13__ and turned it into a piece of Santa's clothing. The next day my co­workers gathered around me and __14__ for the first time in weeks. Just then my boss passed by. He looked up, saw me, shook his head and left.

　　I thought I __15__ trouble. Soon my boss phoned me，“Mike, come to my office！” When in his office, I felt very nervous.“Mike ...” Tears __16__ in his eyes, as I sat silent and confused. When he regained __17__， he said，“Thanks, Mike! With the job cuts, it's been hard to enjoy the Christmas. Thanks for the laugh, I __18__ it.”

　　That evening, and every evening of the Christmas season, I stood __19__ in the window. People smiled at the strange Santa. My heart filled with joy, __20__ I made those people smile after a long day at work.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。由于作者工作的地方靠着一条繁忙的街道，并且办公室又有一些大的窗子，所以他可以通过窗子向下俯瞰。工作不忙时，他就和下面的路人打招呼。在圣诞节的晚上，作者穿上了用红色的夹克衫做成的圣诞老人的衣服，给过往的路人带来了快乐，也缓解了公司同事因裁员带来的紧张感。

　　1．A.doors B．rooms

　　C．windows

　　D．restaurants

　　解析：选C　根据第二段第二句中的“I stood in the window”可知，“我们”有大窗户，可以眺望繁忙的街道。故答案选C。

　　2．A.speeded up

　　B．looked up

　　C．broke down

　　D．pulled through

　　解析：选B　根据上文中的“overlooking a busy street”及下文“made eye contact”可知，当“我”眺望繁忙的街道时，一个路人抬头看到了“我”。look up意为“抬头看”，符合语境。

　　3．A.waved

　　B．hid

　　C．left

　　D．shouted

　　解析：选A　根据第二段第二句中的“waved at the passengers who looked up”可知，“我”很自然地挥手打招呼。wave意为“挥手”，符合语境。

　　4．A.important

　　B．slow

　　C．right

　　D．bad

　　解析：选B　根据语境可知，当工作慢下来的时候，“我”站在窗户边向路人招手微笑。slow意为“慢的”，符合语境。

　　5．A.stress

　　B．pleasure

　　C．experience

　　D．challenge

　　解析：选A　根据语境可知，这种微笑使“我”没有了工作压力。stress意为“压力”，符合语境。

　　6．A.quickest

　　B．hardest

　　C．longest

　　D．best

　　解析：选D　根据本段后面作者做各种标志来改善打招呼的方式可知，傍晚是最好的时光。best意为“最好的”，符合语境。

　　7．A.encouraging

　　B．embarrassing

　　C．boring

　　D．moving

　　解析：选C　根据语境可知，当只挥手变得有些乏味时，“我”就做了一些标志。boring意为“乏味的，厌烦的”，符合语境。

　　8．A.saw

　　B．read

　　C．posted

　　D．painted

　　解析：选C　根据语境可知，“我”就把这些标志贴在了窗子上。post意为“张贴”，符合语境。

　　9．A.Christmas

　　B．Labor

　　C．Thanksgiving

　　D．National

　　解析：选A　根据第五段第二句中的“turned it into a piece of Santa's clothing”和第六段中的“it's been hard to enjoy the Christmas”以及最后一段第一句中的“every evening of the Christmas season”可知，圣诞节就要临近了。故答案选A。

　　10．A.seek

　　B．lose

　　C．finish

　　D．take

　　解析：选B　根据本段第二句“Job cuts were announced.”可知，因为要裁员，所以有几个同事要失去工作。lose意为“失去”，符合语境。

　　11．A.anxious

　　B．confident

　　C．useless

　　D．peaceful

　　解析：选A　根据上文可知，因为裁员，有人要失去工作，所以大家都很担心。anxious意为“担忧的”，符合语境。

　　12．A.relaxed

　　B．drew

　　C．switched

　　D．involved

　　解析：选B　句意：一天晚上正在工作时，一件红色夹克衫吸引了我的注意。draw意为“吸引”，符合语境。

　　13．A.imagination

　　B．relation

　　C．experience

　　D．pressure

　　解析：选A　句意：我发挥想象力把它改成了一件圣诞老人的衣服。imagination意为“想象力”，符合语境。

　　14．A.spoke

　　B．acted

　　C．laughed

　　D．returned

　　解析：选C　根据第六段中的“Thanks for the laugh”可知，第二天同事们围在“我”身边，这是几个星期以来第一次大笑。laugh意为“大笑”，符合语境。

　　15．A.took

　　B．caused

　　C．forgot

　　D．suffered

　　解析：选B　句意：我以为我引起了麻烦。cause意为“引起”，符合语境。

　　16．A.fell

　　B．appeared

　　C．dried

　　D．swallowed

　　解析：选B　句意：当我默默地坐着，感到困惑时，他的眼睛里泛着泪花。appear意为“出现”，符合语境。

　　17．A.confidence

　　B．anger

　　C．control

　　D．strength

　　解析：选C　根据上文可知，他热泪盈眶，所以此处表示他重新控制住自己的情绪。control意为“控制”，符合语境。

　　18．A.chose

　　B．knew

　　C．accepted

　　D．needed

　　解析：选D　根据上文“it's been hard to enjoy the Christmas. Thanks for the laugh”可知，老板需要这份欢笑。need意为“需要”，符合语境。

　　19．A.luckily

　　B．eagerly

　　C．naturally

　　D．proudly

　　解析：选D　根据下文“I made those people smile after a long day at work”可知，“我”很自豪地站在窗子那里。proudly意为“自豪地”，符合语境。

　　20．A.because

　　B．but

　　C．although

　　D．if

　　解析：选A　句意：我的心里充满了快乐，因为我能够使那些工作了一天的路人露出微笑。根据语境可知，此处表示因果关系。because意为“因为”，符合语境。

　　课时练(二)　阅读理解提速练(练速度)

　　(限时：35分钟)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2016·滕州市第十一中学高三月考)Selfies (自拍) have become an increasingly common way to capture memorable moments. When it comes to taking selfies, knowing the following tips can directly affect the quality of your final product.

　　The use of light is vital to improving image quality. Lights can help avoid shadows and create soft features on your face, so turn your face toward the main light source. If you want to be creative, play with light angles by turning your body, but make sure the photo is properly exposed and your face is lit from the front or the side. Besides, avoid taking selfies against the main light source or with overhead lighting. Additionally, natural light possesses a warmth that makes you look like you're glowing (发光)．

　　When taking selfies, angles also matter a lot. Hold the camera away from your face, and try to take photos both horizontally (水平地) and vertically. If not, your face might look bigger than usual. Ideally, the universal selfie angle is 45 degrees above your head. But you should study your face at different angles because finding your best angle requires you having seen all of them.

　　One problem with selfies is that most have distracting backgrounds. You can always do more to show others your best side. Try to simplify the background by taking selfies outdoors or in spacious areas. Document yourself engaging in interesting activities­hiking with family members, visiting landmarks, or working out with friends. At least, you can make the photo appealing by getting rid of your outstretched arm or a background that's too busy.

　　You can also download some photo apps that allow you to adjust the lighting and contrast. Some apps offer useful filters(滤光器), which can change your skin tone and eliminate pimples (粉刺) on your face.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的人喜欢以自拍的方式留下值得纪念的瞬间，那么，要想自拍出较高质量的照片，应注意些什么呢？

　　1．To get an image of high quality, you need to ________.

　　A．be under the light source

　　B．be against the main light

　　C．face the main light source

　　D．have the photo fully exposed

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，要想自拍出高质量的影像，你需要面向主光源。故选C。

　　2．How can you find the angle that suits you most?

　　A．Study your face at different angles.

　　B．Hold the camera far enough from you.

　　C．Keep the camera lower than your face.

　　D．Place the camera 45 degrees above your head.

　　解析：选A　细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知，自拍前应该尝试研究不同角度下自己的面部，直到最后确定最佳拍摄角度。故选A。

　　3．Which of the following should be avoided when taking selfies?

　　A．The use of natural light.

　　B．A landmark as a background.

　　C．Changes of the skin tone.

　　D．A busy background.

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。第四段主要谈自拍时的一个常见问题是背景混乱。所以本段最后一句提到要避免过于繁杂的背景才会有好的自拍效果。故选D。

　　B

　　(2016·太原第二学段测评)A group of psychologists led by Albert Bandura developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behaviors of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behaviors in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how people talk to each other, what clothes are “fashionable”， and how to interact with people.

　　In one of Bandura's classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn't see an adult at all. After being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with them, all the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo

　　doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll and even inventing new ways to abuse it. They were also aggressive with the other toys in the room.

　　Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good­looking, has high status, or is socially powerful.

　　Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behaviors. Examples include letting high­status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant (不情愿的) at first.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了著名的“波波玩偶实验”及Bandura所倡导的观察学习理念。这种理念可以运用在教师的实际教学中：以身示范，向学生展示你的行为和态度；重视榜样引领；强调自我调节等。

　　4．What can you acquire by watching others according to the passage?

　　A．A social context.

　　B．Appropriate actions.

　　C．Family cultures.

　　D．Knowledge from instructors.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Observational learning helps ...”可知，通过观察别人，我们可以学会如何与人沟通、互动等行为。故B项正确。

　　5．What was found in Bandura's studies?

　　A．All the children in the test found a new way to play with Bobo doll.

　　B．All the children in the test tended to imitate what they had learned.

　　C．Children watching a Bobo doll beaten treated Bobo doll cruelly.

　　D．Children watching a Bobo doll beaten invented new ways to look after toys.

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Children in the first group ...”可知，唯有第一组的儿童会模仿他们所见的，有的甚至想出新招来虐待玩偶。故C项正确。

　　6．The guidelines for teachers mentioned in the last paragraph do NOT include “________”．

　　A．focusing on the model

　　B．using class leaders as models

　　C．showing enthusiasm for the subjects

　　D．demonstrating the mental and physical tasks

　　解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四、五、六句可知，B、C、D三项均涉及。故选A项。

　　7．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．The importance of social learning theory.

　　B．Learning new behaviors in group work.

　　C．Albert Bandura and his contributions.

　　D．Observational learning and its application.

　　解析：选D　文章大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要介绍了Bandura观察学习理念的内容与作用，最后给老师提供了在教学方面运用观察学习理念的策略。A、B两项表达的意思只涉及文章部分内容；C项作为标题，显得大而模糊。故D项正确。

　　C

　　(2016·江西九校第二次联考)

　　LAKE MINNEWANKA BOAT TOUR

　　Welcome Aboard

　　Just 15 minutes from Banff is Lake Minnewanka where a 90­minute cruise (乘船游览) to the Devil's Gap is sure to be the highlight of your summer adventure!

　　For information & group reservations, phone 762­3473!

　　www.minnewankaboattours.com

　　GUIDED MOUNTAIN FLIGHTS of the Columbia Ice Field & Canadian Rockies

　　Leave the Crowds Behind

　　Tour Narrated by Your Host

　　Owner/Pilot Steve Neill (from D|S110/person)

　　●Comfortable window seats

　　●Headsets for clients/pilot conversation

　　●Ski plane available for glacier landings

　　Reservations: 1-877-344-7117

　　www.rockiesairtours.com

　　THREE SISTERS MOUNTAIN VILLAGE

　　Which stars will you be watching tonight? When you discover the beauty that surrounds Three Sisters Mountain Village, you will be surprised at how much brighter they are in the sky than on the screen. So make some popcorn, pull up a comfortable chair and settle in for a quiet night in the mountain. All the stars will be there.

　　Call toll­free (866) 388­2877

　　www.threesistersmountainvillage.com

　　PERFECT PICTURES

　　Discover the Rockies's most desirable natural attractions on a Brewster guided excursion. As national park specialists, we are proud to share the wonders of Canada's largest outdoor living museum. Our 111 years' experience ensures a most memorable guided adventure!

　　●Wildlife viewing

　　●Nature walks

　　●Sightseeing

　　Toll­free: 1­800­760­6934

　　www.brewster.ca

　　RAFTING & OUTDOOR ADVENTURES

　　Youth & group rates available!

　　A spectacular adventure is waiting for you between Banff and Calgary, a short scenic drive to paradise. Join us for a fun, exciting and safe adventure in the Kananaskis and Bow Valley.

　　Adventures are available for all ages and skill levels.

　　Our professional and highly qualified guides are all Wilderness First Aid and River Rescue certified.

　　Tollfree: 1­877­999­7238

　　www.insideoutexperience.com

　　8．The Smiths, a retired couple, would probably call ________ for several quiet starry nights.

　　A．762­3473

　　B．1­877­344­7117

　　C．(866)388­2877

　　D．1­800­760­6934

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据 THREE SISTERS MOUNTAIN VILLAGE 中的“All the stars will be there.”可知， 在 Three Sisters Mountain Village 可以度过几个安静的繁星满天的夜晚。其电话是C项。

　　9．The Johnsons (aged 9－68), adventure lovers, are more likely to check ________ for more information.

　　A．www.minnewankaboattours.com

　　B．www.rockiesairtours.com

　　C．www.brewster.ca

　　D．www.insideoutexperience.com

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。根据 RAFTING & OUTDOOR ADVENTURES 中的“Adventures are available for all ages and skill levels.”可知，这个地方的冒险旅游活动适合各个年龄段的人。其网址是D项。

　　10．What kind of activities do the five tours all provide?

　　A．Outdoor activities.

　　B．Adventurous activities.

　　C．Educational activities.

　　D．Free activities.

　　解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，这些活动的共同点是都是户外运动。故选A项。

　　11．Where can the passage be probably found?

　　A．In a tour brochure.

　　B．In science fiction.

　　C．In a textbook.

　　D．In a TV guide.

　　解析：选A　文章出处题。本文是广告应用类文章，给广大旅游爱好者推荐了五个户外旅游的好去处，故这篇文章应该来自于旅游手册，选A项。

　　D

　　(2016·银川质量检测)Many of the world's countries have reached or are approaching zero population growth (ZPG). Nearly all such lands are economically well developed. They include much of Europe (including Russia), the United States, Canada, Japan, and Australia. As the rate of natural increase (RNI) declines, two things happen. First, the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration. Second, a country's population ages because there are fewer births.

　　Is achieving ZPG good or bad? What happens when a country's population begins to drop? Many people, after all, believe that population decline is a good thing. But is it good for everyone? Does everyone agree?

　　An aging population can create many problems. Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention. Rather than paying into retirement programs, they begin to draw from their pensions. In the US, the Social Security program, according to many experts, will be used up by 2018. It will pay out more money than it takes in. Additionally, a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or able to do them. Many of these jobs are entry­level positions that pay low wages. With an aging population, who will fill them? At the other extreme, some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills. Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?

　　The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple: increased migration. Today many people, particularly those from less developed countries, are migrating in search of employment. Many are willing to take jobs that cannot (or will not) be filled by the_domestic_population. Others are well educated and highly skilled. Both groups contribute to a country's economy progress in many ways. Further, they add to the richness of a country's culture. Of greatest importance, perhaps, is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands. As you can see, for many countries and for most immigrants, migration is a win­win situation.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。许多发达国家正在或即将经历人口零增长，这是利还是弊？作者认为，人口零增长会导致人口老龄化，从而导致劳动力不足，加大社会福利负担，不利于国家的经济发展。所以增加移民是解决这个问题的办法，因为增加移民既能解决劳动力不足的问题，又能引进人才，丰富文化，带动经济发展。

　　12．In the writer's view, which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A．Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good.

　　B．Achieving ZPG is every country's aim in spite of its side effects.

　　C．Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens.

　　D．Achieving ZPG is good for employment.

　　解析：选A　推理判断题。第三段作者认为：人口零增长会导致人口老龄化，从而导致劳动力不足，加大社会福利负担，不利于国家的经济发展。由此可知，作者认为人口零增长有一些不利之处。故A项正确。

　　13．According to the passage, the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population is ________.

　　A．to improve the health care system

　　B．to increase RNI

　　C．to increase employment

　　D．to increase migration

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The answer to ... increased migration.”可知，作者认为解决人口减少和人口老龄化的方法是增加移民。故选D项。

　　14．The underlined words “the domestic population” can be replaced by ________.

　　A．people within the country

　　B．people from developing countries

　　C．people without a college education

　　D．people living abroad

　　解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后五句“Additionally, a great number of jobs ... as retirees leave the workforce？”可知，人口老龄化会导致社会劳动力不足，这些职位将由谁来担任？第四段作者指出增加移民可以解决这些问题。许多移民愿意承担本国人不能或不愿做的事。由此可知，“the domestic population”是指相对移民而言的本国人。故选A项。

　　15．The main idea of the last paragraph is ________.

　　A．the advantages of increased migration

　　B．the problem of declining and aging population

　　C．how to increase migration

　　D．some ways to enrich a country's culture

　　解析：选A　段落大意题。最后一段的中心句是该段第一句。由该句和下文可知，本段主要说明了增加移民的好处。故选A项。

　　Ⅱ.阅读七选五

　　(2016·河北省唐山市统一考试)You may have grown up living with sisters and brothers, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. __1__ However, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year.

　　Be clear from the beginning.

　　Maybe you hate it when someone interrupts you when you are sleeping every morning. Maybe you need ten minutes before talking to anyone after you wake up. __2__ It's not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.

　　__3__

　　This may seem simple, but it's probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflicts. Don't you think he'll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just step over an uncrossable line. Don't borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first.

　　Be open to change.

　　You should expect to learn, grow and change during your time at school. __4__ As the term progresses, realize things will change for both of you. Be comfortable to address things that unexpectedly come up, set new rules, and be flexible to your changing environment.

　　Follow the golden rule.

　　__5__ No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take comfort in knowing you act like an adult and treat your roommate with respect.

　　A．Respect your roommate's things.

　　B．Let your roommate know about your preferences.

　　C．Treat your roommate like you'd like to be treated.

　　D．Living with a roommate is really a wonderful thing.

　　E．Having a roommate surely has its challenges.

　　F．You should correct your bad habits first.

　　G．And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well.

　　答案：1～5　EBAGC

　　课时练(三)　第Ⅱ卷强化增分练(练规范)

　　(限时：45分钟)

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　(2016·唐山二模)St. Patrick's Day is one of those __1__ (wonder) days in our kindergarten. Every year on March 17, a leprechaun (妖精) visits my classroom! He is a clever little character, and we have never been able to catch __2__ (he)．

　　This morning, we __3__ (greet) by tiny, green leprechaun footprints all over the classroom. The innocence and the magic of kindergarten came out on a day like this! None of the children raised the doubt about __4__ the leprechaun was real or not. Their faces were filled with wonder as they questioned how he had got into our classroom. They created little traps __5__ (hope) to catch him during the day — even leaving one in our bathroom so that if he should appear again over night, he might just get __6__ (catch) in our trap!

　　For the afternoon tea break, we had some delicious green vegetables and fruits and every child made __7__ beautiful green card with __8__ (wish) written on it. My favorite wish of all was the one made by Jacob, which said, “I wish everyone was nice to each other.” Another one I liked very much was “I wish this was going to be the __9__ (good) day of my life.”

　　The smiles __10__ their faces as they left school this afternoon proved that it just may have been!

　　语篇解读：圣帕特里克节是我们幼儿园里开心的一天，每个人都认为在这一天有一个小妖精会光顾我们的教室。今年圣帕特里克节我们甚至还看到了教室里到处都是小妖精的脚印。

　　1．wonderful　设空处后为名词，由此可判断设空处应为形容词。

　　2．him　作catch的宾语应用he的宾格形式。

　　3．were greeted　根据设空处后的by可推知主语we与greet为被动关系，故用被动语态；根据上下文可知设空处需用一般过去时，故答案为were greeted。

　　4．whether　句意：孩子们中没有一个人对那个妖精是真是假感到怀疑。根据句末的or not可知设空处应为whether(是否)。由于本宾语从句作的是介词的宾语，故不可用if。

　　5．hoping　主语they与hope为逻辑上的主动关系且表示伴随，故用hoping。

　　6．caught　get caught in“被困在……”，为固定短语。

　　7．a　card为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故用不定冠词a。

　　8．wishes　wishes“祝愿，祝福”，专指写在书信或卡片中的祝愿。

　　9．best　根据上下文及设空处前的the可推知本空需用形容词最高级。

　　10．on　表示“脸上的微笑”需用介词on。

　　Ⅱ.短文改错

　　(2016·山东青岛市二模)Manners are important to happy relations among people. No one liked a person with bad manners. Having good manners is seen by many people for a sign of cultural understanding and good taste. Polite words are one of the example. When meet people, saying “Hello！” or “How are you？” and so on means you are very polite, which

　　will make that easy for you to communicate with others. However, other people will hate getting on with you and your life will become difficulty. Only saying polite words can you get on well with others.

　　All in the all, it is polite words which will make your life become convenient.

　　答案：第二句：liked→likes

　　第三句：for→as

　　第四句：example→examples

　　第五句：meet→meeting; that→it

　　第六句：However→Otherwise; difficulty→difficult

　　第七句：Only后加by

　　第八句：去掉the; which→that

　　Ⅲ.书面表达

　　(2016·山东省潍坊市模拟)假定你是李华，计划暑假找份兼职工作。下面的招聘广告引起了你的注意，请根据要点(箭头所指内容)写一封申请信。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

　　Dear Mr. Smith，

　　I've read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children's summer camp.________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　参考范文：

　　Dear Mr. Smith，

　　I've read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children's summer camp. I am quite interested in this position. I am outgoing, energetic, well­organized and responsible; and most importantly, I love working with children! In the past two years, as a monitor in my class, I have proved myself to be an excellent helper to my teachers. I speak English fluently, which enables me to help native English speakers communicate freely and effectively with students in an English­only environment.

　　I will soon have a long summer vacation, so I have no problem working evenings and weekends. I can start my work next week. I would be pleased to assist both the teachers and students in this challenging and rewarding environment.

　　Looking forward to your early reply.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua