2017届高考英语一轮全册复习课时作业：必修5.1《Great scientists》（新人教版含解析）

　　课时作业21　Unit 1　Great scientists

　　一、单元扣点训练

　　Ⅰ.短语填空

　　1．A black car cut in ahead of me, forcing me to ________.

　　2．Without plenty of water, you will easily ________ thirst in the desert.

　　3．This essay is quite good ________ a couple of spelling mistakes.

　　4．There is no doubt that stress can ________ physical illness.

　　5．I don't think it ________ to focus only on providing basic services.

　　6．I wrote a letter of complaint, and the airline have promised to ________ the matter.

　　7．Andrew can be very badtempered ________ even though he is friendly in general.

　　8．A new approach to teaching languages was ________ at the meeting last week.

　　9．These colors will not last if they ________ the sun.

　　10．Scientists now ________ certain types of cancer ________ the amount of junk food that people eat.

　　答案　1.slow down　2.die of　3.apart from　4.lead to　5.makes sense　6.look into　7.at times　8.put forward　9.are exposed to　10.link; to

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．To prevent this from happening again, he suggested ______________________(所有的水源都要经过检测). (examine)

　　答案　the source of all the water supplies be examined

　　2．The water companies were instructed ______________________(不能再让人们接触被污染的水). (expose)

　　答案　not to expose people to polluted water any more

　　3．Yet Copernicus' theory is now ______________________ (我们的宇宙观赖以建立的基础). (basis)

　　答案　the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built

　　Ⅲ.模仿造句

　　1．It seemed that the water was to_blame.

　　[翻译]我们不知道该怪谁。

　　答案　We don't know who is to blame.

　　2．A woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day.

　　[翻译]我刚才请人把机器修好了。

　　答案　I had the machine mended just now.

　　3．Only_if you put the sun there did_the_movements_of_the_other_planets_in_the_sky_make_sense.

　　[翻译]我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。

　　答案　Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.

　　4．They believed God had made the world and the earth must_be the centre of the solar system.

　　[翻译]那不是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有另外的办法。

　　答案　That can't be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.

　　5．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going round it.

　　[翻译]在亚洲的某些地方，你坐着时你的脚不能朝向别人。

　　答案　In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.

　　二、阅读理解

　　(2015·四川卷)

　　Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.

　　And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure (肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.

　　As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew (炖菜). Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.

　　Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!

　　Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。没有什么能阻止父亲劳动——他在乡下买了一个小农场，种植蔬菜水果，饲养蜜蜂，还每周打扫Old Man McColgin的鸡窝，收集肥料。

　　1．Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgin's chicken house regularly?

　　A. To earn some money for the family.

　　B. To collect manure for his crops.

　　C. To get rid of the terrible smell.

　　D. To set a good example to us.

　　答案与解析　B　考查细节理解。由第二段中的“And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure (肥料)”可知，父亲每周打扫Old Man McColgin的鸡窝是为了收集肥料。

　　2．What can we infer about Dad's stew?

　　A. It is popular among the neighbors.

　　B. It contains honey and vegetables.

　　C. It looks very wonderful.

　　D. It tastes quite delicious.

　　答案与解析　D　考查推理判断。由最后一段中的“It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup！”可知，Dad炖的菜很可口。

　　3．What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A. To attract.

　　B. To upset.

　　C. To air.

　　D. To shut.

　　答案与解析　B　考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在段中的信息“after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell”以及“I took a taste”可知，后来炖菜的气味也不是很难闻。所以offend意为“令人不适”，这与B选项相符。

　　4．What can we learn about Dad from the text?

　　A. He is an experienced cook.

　　B. He is a troublesome father.

　　C. He has a positive attitude to life.

　　D. He suffers a lot from his disability.

　　答案与解析　C　考查推理判断。从第一段中的“Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country...”以及下文父亲炖菜的经历可知，父亲的生活态度很乐观。

　　三、完形填空

　　(2016·云南毕业生检测)

　　I have two friends who love backpacking. They spent a lot of time in a part of New York State's Adirondack Mountains. It __1__6 mountains with a height of over 4,000 feet. The Adirondack Mountain Club gives __2__ recognition and an award to anyone who __3__ all 6 mountains. My two friends decided to go for this award.

　　Now what you have to understand is that __4__many of the 6 mountains have wellmarked__5__to their summits (山顶), others are not marked at all. You have to “bushwhack (在丛林中开路)” using a compass and a map.

　　My friends had climbed 5 of the mountains. They had just one __6__—it was the most __7__， requiring bushwhacking. A hiking path led past the base of the mountain, but from that point they were on their own.

　　Early one morning they left their__8__and walked five miles on the hiking path to the base of a chain of mountains. When they arrived, they __9__ that they had left their compass and map in the camp. Rather than __10__ the camp, they decided to bushwhack without the compass and map.

　　For hours they__11__uphill experiencing the enduring heat, thick bushes, and black flies. __12__， in the late afternoon they found themselves at the __13__ of a mountain successfully. They were exhausted but __14__.

　　The feeling was shortlived, however. When they looked across the valley, they __15__ another higher mountain. They had climbed the __16__ one! It was too __17__ that weekend to correct their error. They had to __18__another four months to climb the right mountain.

　　This story __19__us a good lesson. Often in life we put in a great effort to reach a goal. But without the right “map” and “compass”， it is __20__ to get “lost”．

　　1．A. goes through

　　B. consists of

　　C. relies on

　　D. connects to

　　2．A. special

　　B. similar

　　C. normal

　　D. general

　　3．A. describes

　　B. draws

　　C. observes

　　D. climbs

　　4．A. while

　　B. since

　　C. because

　　D. unless

　　5．A. paths

　　B. rivers

　　C. views

　　D. avenues

　　6．A. occupied

　　B. left

　　C. deserted

　　D. missed

　　7．A. interesting

　　B. changeable

　　C. reachable

　　D. remote

　　8．A. house

　　B. room

　　C. camp

　　D. yard

　　9．A. ignored

　　B. discovered

　　C. sensed

　　D. explained

　　10．A. departing from

　　B. traveling to

　　C. returning to

　　D. going for

　　11．A. jumped

　　B. wandered

　　C. ran

　　D. walked

　　12．A. Immediately

　　B. Surely

　　C. Finally

　　D. Hopefully

　　13．A. bottom

　　B. top

　　C. slope

　　D. base

　　14．A. embarrassed

　　B. moved

　　C. disturbed

　　D. excited

　　15．A. admired

　　B. checked

　　C. saw

　　D. appreciated

　　16．A. strange

　　B. wrong

　　C. distant

　　D. steep

　　17．A. late

　　B. dangerous

　　C. puzzling

　　D. helpless

　　18．A. save

　　B. wait

　　C. gain

　　D. put

　　19．A. sends

　　B. tells

　　C. recommends

　　D. teaches

　　20．A. easy

　　B. hard

　　C. annoying

　　D. discouraging

　　答案与解析　

　　语篇解读　作者通过讲述朋友登山的经历告诉我们：人生中要想实现自己的目标，那就需要选择好正确的方向。

　　1．B　它由6座高度超过4 000英尺的山脉组成(consists of)。go through “经历”；rely on“依靠”；connect to“连接”。故B项正确。

　　2．A　Adirondack Mountain Club给予特别的(special)认可。similar“类似的”；normal“正常的”；general“普通的”。故A项正确。

　　3．D　攀登(climbs)完6座山。describe“描述”；draw“画”；observe“观察”。故D项正确。

　　4．A　现在你不得不去明白的是6座山中的许多山有做好标记的小路通往山顶，而其他的山则一点儿标记也没有。while“(对比两件事物)……而”，故A项正确。

　　5．A　参见上题解析。path“小路”；river“河”；view“风景”；avenue“林荫道”。故A项正确。

　　6．B　“我”的朋友已经攀登了5座山，仅剩下(left)一座了。故B项正确。

　　7．D　那座山是最遥远的(remote)。interesting“有趣的”；changeable“易变的”；reachable“可及，可到达”。故D项正确。

　　8．C　他们一大清早就离开了营地(camp)。house“房屋”；room“房间”；yard“院子”。故C项正确。

　　9．B　当他们到达时，他们发现(discovered)他们把指南针和地图遗留在了营地。ignore“忽视”；sense“感觉到”；explain“解释”。故B项正确。

　　10．C　他们决定在没有指南针和地图的情况下穿越丛林，而不是返回(returning to)营地。故C项正确。

　　11．D　数小时来，他们经历着持久的高温、浓密的灌木丛和黑色的苍蝇向山上走(walked)去。jump“跳”；run“跑”；wander“徘徊”。故D项正确。

　　12．C　最后(Finally)，在傍晚，他们成功地来到了山顶(top)。immediately“立即”；surely“必定”；hopefully“有希望地”。故C项正确。

　　13．B　参见上题解析。bottom“底部”；top“顶部”；slope“斜坡”；base“根基”。故B项正确。

　　14．D　他们感到筋疲力尽但很激动(excited)。embarrassed“尴尬的”；moved“感动的”；disturbed“心神不安的”。故D项正确。

　　15．C　当他们眺望山谷时，他们看见(saw)另外一座更高的山。admire“钦佩”；check“检查”；appreciate“欣赏”。故C项正确。

　　16．B　他们攀登上了错误的(wrong)山。strange“陌生的”；distant“遥远的”；steep“陡峭的”。故B项正确。

　　17．A　那个周末太晚(late)了而不能纠正他们的错误了。dangerous“有危险的”；puzzling“令人迷惑的”；helpless“无助的”。故A项正确。

　　18．B　他们不得不再等待(wait)四个月去攀登正确的山。故B项正确。

　　19．D　这个故事给了我们一个很好的教训。teach sb. a lesson表示“给某人一个教训”，故D项正确。

　　20．A　但是如果没有正确的“地图”和“指南针”，很容易(easy)“迷失”。hard“艰难的”；annoying“使恼怒的”；discouraging“令人丧气的”。故A项正确。