十、非谓语动词(Ⅰ) 3.to get。句意:我们都喜欢James,因为他是一个大家都认为容易相处的人。定语从句中everybody thinks是插入语,主语who同时作为get along with的逻辑宾语,to do不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 4.stopping。句意:工人们那天从早上七点到晚上七点一直在工作,在中午时才停下吃了点饭。stopping作伴随状语。 5.to blame。句意:格林先生站出来保护这个16岁的孩子,说他不应该受到责备。 to blame习惯上直接用主动式表示被动意义,be to blame应受责备。 6.informed。句意:他每天阅读三种报纸来了解时事。keep sb. informed of sth.使某人了解某事。 7.Being praised。考查非谓语动词。句意:老师的表扬使他重拾信心。动名词的被动语态作主语。 8.to learn。句意:昨天我去看他,却得知他前两天已经出国了。only to do sth.表示意料之外的结果。 9.dating。句意:每年,很多游客都会被这个古老的庙宇吸引,来参观这个历史可以追溯到11世纪的庙宇。date back to追溯到,一般不用于被动语态,故填dating作定语。 10.published。句意:上个月出版的他的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为基础的。His first book与publish构成被动关系,用过去分词表示被动和完成,作定语修饰book。 15.followed。句意:他快步走向大厅,身后跟着两个卫兵。他被卫兵跟着,过去分词followed作伴随状语表被动。 16.having completed/completing。they和complete是主动关系,用现在分词作状语,not应放在doing/having done前。句意:没有完成计划,我们不得不再待两个星期。 17.to be losing / to have lost。句意:今天我们有聊天室,短信和电子邮件,但是我们似乎正在失去/已经失去了面对面交流的艺术。这里使用了seem to be doing sth.似乎正在做某事或seem to have done sth.似乎已经做了某事。 18.to employ。该句句意:“像这样的公司,雇佣一名保安是行规。”该句型为“It's + adj.+ for/of sb. + to do sth”,意为:“对某人来说,做某事是……”It为形式主语,to do 为真正的主语。例如:It's important for us to learn English well.It's very kind of you to help me with the job. 19.having been cancelled。句意:由于大雾,所有的航班都被取消了,很多乘客只能乘坐火车。句中没有连词,而且两部分之间是逗号,由此判断是独立主格形式,即:名词或代词+ to do / doing /done。根据句意可知航班被取消发生在主句谓语动词之前,应该用非谓语的完成式。
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