2017年高考英语考前阅读、完型与写作（命题揭秘）之阅读理解：命题揭秘（含解析）

　　阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，也是高考考试中的一个重要题型，分值非常高、题量也相当大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。从近些年来的全国高考英语阅读理解选材来看，尽管每年的文章内容上千差外别，但仔细研究发现，无论内容如何变化，基本都是一些贴近国内高中学生学习和生活特点、与日常息息相关的，其体裁大致可以分为以下几类：人物传记类、社会生活类、逸闻趣事类、史地常识类和广告阅读类。下面我们就从这几类体裁的阅读文章入手，通过对近两年全国高考英语阅读理解真题的分析研究，进而探究一下高考命题的规律在哪里，哪些体裁类阅读材料是高考阅读理解选材的热点和难点，以及具体都考查哪些题型，哪些题型的考查才是热点或难点：

　　一、人物传记类：

　　【命题趋势】

　　人物传记类阅读以名人生平或逸事为主。体裁上一般都是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法上多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。

　　【应试对策】

　　人物传记类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？

　　首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。

　　（2016年全国 高考1卷A篇）

　　You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

　　Jane Addams(1860-1935)

　　Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

　　If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

　　Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

　　When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

　　Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

　　On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.

　　21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?

　　A. Her social work.

　　B. Her teaching skills.

　　C. Her efforts to win a prize.

　　D. Her community background.

　　22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

　　A. Her lack of proper training in law.

　　B. Her little work experience in court.

　　C. The discrimination against women.

　　D. The poor financial conditions.

　　23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?

　　A. Jane Addams.

　　B. Rachel Carson.

　　C. Sandra Day O’Connor.

　　D. Rosa Park.

　　24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

　　A. They are highly educated.

　　B. They are truly creative.

　　C. They are pioneers.

　　D. They are peace-lovers.

　　【解析】

　　21. A细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知她是一位社会工作者，而且获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选A 。

　　22.C细节理解题。根据第四段中she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman可知，她因为是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用。故选C。

　　23.D细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句中and kicked off the civil-rights movement可知，Rosa Parks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。

　　24.C推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。

　　（2015年全国 高考1卷C篇）

　　Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.

　　The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

　　The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.

　　The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.

　　28. Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?

　　A. Optimistic.

　　B. Productive.

　　C. Generous.

　　D. Traditional.

　　29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?

　　A. One of his masterworks.

　　B. A successful screen adaptation.

　　C. An artistic creation for the stage.

　　D. One of the best TV programmes.

　　30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?

　　A. By popularity.

　　B. By importance.

　　C. By size and shape.

　　D. By time and subject.

　　31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?

　　A. Artworks.

　　B. Projects.

　　C. Donations.

　　D. Documents.

　　【解析】

　　30. D细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. 可知展览是根据时间和主题安排的。故选D。

　　31. A 词义推测题。根据文章最后一段The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional in St. Petersburg. 可以推测出contribution为“艺术作品”之一。故选A。

　　二、社会生活类：

　　【命题趋势】

　　语言是社会文化的重要载体。学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势：

　　1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育、生活等方面的内容。

　　2. 一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。

　　3. 命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。

　　【应试对策】

　　对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：

　　1. 重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。

　　在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说，应具备2000－3500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。

　　2. 扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。

　　从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。

　　同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。

　　3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。

　　(2016年全国3卷 C篇)

　　If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.

　　Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.

　　There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.

　　At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.

　　Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.

　　8. What can people do at the apple events?

　　A. Attend experts’ lectures．

　　B. Visit fruit-loving families．

　　C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard．

　　D. Taste many kinds of apples．

　　9. What can we learn about Decio?

　　A. It is a new variety．

　　B. It has a strange look．

　　C. It is rarely seen now．

　　D. It has a special taste．

　　10. What does the underlined phrase ＂a pipe dream＂ in Paragraph 3 mean?

　　A. A practical idea．

　　B. A vain hope．

　　C. A brilliant plan．

　　D. A selfish desire．

　　11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

　　A. To show how to grow apples．

　　B. To introduce an apple festival．

　　C. To help people select apples．

　　D. To promote apple research．

　　8. D细节理解题。根据第二段＂Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.＂，，D。

　　9. C推理判断题。由第二段的最后一句可知选C。

　　10. B猜测词义题。由第三段内容可知选B。

　　11. B写作意图题。综合全文可知，－－Apple Day，，B。

　　（2016年全国3卷D篇）

　　Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

　　＂The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,＂ says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. ＂They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.＂

　　Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the ＂most e-mailed＂ list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

　　Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, ＂Contagious: Why Things Catch On.＂

　　12 .What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

　　A. News reports．

　　B. Research papers．

　　C. Private e-mails．

　　D. Daily conversations．

　　13. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

　　A. They’re socially inactive．

　　B. They’re good at telling stories．

　　C. They’re inconsiderate of others．

　　D. They’re careful with their words．

　　14. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?

　　A. Sports news．

　　B. Science articles．

　　C. Personal accounts．

　　D. Financial reviews．

　　15. What can be a suitable title for the text?

　　A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide．

　　B .Online News Attracts More People．

　　C. Reading Habits Change with the Times．

　　D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks．

　　12. A细节理解题。根据第二段＂The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media＂，＂it bleeds＂，A。

　　13. C推理判断题。根据＂you care a lot more how they react＂，，＂You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.＂，＂Debbie Downer＂，Debbie Downer指的是＂＂，C。

　　14. B细节理解题。根据第三段＂articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles＂，，B。

　　15. D标题归纳题。根据第一段＂By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.＂，，；，D。

　　三、逸闻趣事类：

　　【命题趋势】

　　逸闻趣事以日常生活中的事情入手，描述一些鲜为人知的事。幽默故事是其主要内容。选材多来源于日常生活，给人似曾相识之感，但随着故事的发展、展开、结束，给人以意外的感觉。逸闻趣事类文章有以下趋势：

　　1.特点：文章简短，描述一个片断。

　　2.命题：多考查对事件的发生、发展和结局进行合理的推断。

　　3.选材：描述“另类”，标新立异。

　　【应试对策】

　　1. 阅读这种文章，应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。

　　2.若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是我们读懂趣闻逸事所必需的。

　　3.若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。

　　（2016年全国 高考1卷B篇）

　　Grandparents Answer a Call

　　As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.

　　No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents. Com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ’s decision will influence

　　grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.

　　“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough for fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand , a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is”to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”

　　Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

　　25. Why was Garza’s move a success?

　　A．It strengthened her family ties.

　　B．It improved her living conditions.

　　C．It enabled her to make more friends.

　　D．It helped her know more new places.

　　26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?

　　A．17% expressed their support for it.

　　B．Few people responded sympathetically.

　　C．83% believed it had a bad influence.

　　D．The majority thought it was a trend.

　　27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?

　　A．They were unsure of themselves.

　　B．They were eager to raise more children.

　　C．They wanted to live away from their parents.

　　D．They had little respect for their grandparents.

　　28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?

　　A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own.

　　B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.

　　C. Sacrifice for their struggling children .

　　D. Get to know themselves better.

　　【解析】

　　25. A 细节理解题。根据首段末句可知，Mildred Garza搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切，一家人认为这是一个成功的事情。故选A。

　　26. D 细节理解题。根据第二段末句Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family可知，很多人会受Marian Robinson的影响，所以这会形成一种潮流。故选D 。

　　27. C 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，在20世纪60年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选 C。

　　28. A 推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智，不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选A 。

　　（2016年全国 高考1卷C篇）

　　I am Peter Hodes , a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2017, I’ve done 89 trips—of those , 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.

　　I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:“Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

　　For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

　　29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1?

　　A. provider

　　B. delivery man

　　C. collector

　　D. medical doctor

　　30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?

　　A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.

　　B. The donor can only wait for that long.

　　C. The operation needs that much time.

　　D. The ice won’t last any longer.

　　31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?

　　A. To London.

　　B. To  Newark.

　　C. To Providence.       D. To Washington.

　　【解析】

　　（2015年全国 高考2卷A篇）

　　My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.

　　Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.

　　When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.

　　21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?

　　A. He got an older model than he had expected.

　　B. He couldn’t return it when it was broken.

　　C. He could have bought it at a lower price.

　　D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.

　　22. Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1?

　　A. ended all their programs

　　B. provided fewer channels

　　C. changed to commercials

　　D. showed all-night movies

　　23. How did the author finally get this TV set working again?

　　A. By shaking and hitting it

　　B. By turning it on and off

　　C. By switching channels

　　D. By having it repaired

　　24. How does the author sound when telling the story?

　　A. Curious

　　B. Anxious

　　C. Cautious

　　D. Humorous

　　【解析】

　　21. C

　　细节理解题。根据第一段第四行“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.” 当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。故选C。

　　22. A

　　词义推测题。根据后一句Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.：幸运的是，我没可整晚看电影的频道，否则就不能睡觉了，故选A。

　　23.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，可知作者由于用拳头砸电视，导致电视没了噪音，也什么都不出了。最后只好自己花钱去修理店修电视机，共花了62美元，故选D。

　　24.D推理判断题。根据开头Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.意思是说：看不了电视节目就可以睡觉；中间还说I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.意思是：晃动电视的同时锻炼了胳膊肌肉，可知作者很诙谐幽默。故选D。

　　四、史地常识类

　　【命题趋势】

　　英语是我们认识世界，了解世界的工具。史地常识类的文章通常介绍异域风光，历史事件，进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家，尤其对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识类文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：

　　1.选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代。

　　2.命题：以细节题为主，有一定主观推断题。

　　3.知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。

　　【应试对策】

　　史地常识类文章多以细节题为主，着重考查理解文中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为

　　以下几类:

　　1. 排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系找出事件正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先出第一个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，得出答案。

　　2. 图文转换题：根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找答案。一般采用“文史锁定法”，(找

　　出文字，按“文”定“图”)或“图形标示法”。(在图中标出内容，以便理解)

　　3. 数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答案。

　　4. 表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，作出选择。

　　5. 同义转换题。

　　6. 代词指代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、事件更加条理化，简明化。

　　（2015年全国1卷A篇）

　　Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum

　　Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.

　　November 7th

　　The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.

　　December 5th

　　Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.

　　February 6th

　　An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.

　　March 6th

　　Eyots and Aits -Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

　　Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book

　　More info: www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson

　　London Canal Museum

　　12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT

　　www.canalmuseum.org.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobi

　　Tel:020 77130836

　　21.When is the talk on James Brindley?

　　A. February 6th.

　　B. March 6th.

　　C. November 7th.

　　D. December 5th.

　　22. What is the topic of the talk in February?

　　A. The Canal Pioneers.

　　B. Ice for the Metropolis

　　C. Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands

　　D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals

　　23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.

　　A. Miranda Vickers

　　B. Malcolm Tucker

　　C. Chris Lewis

　　D. Liz Payne

　　【解析】

　　21. C 细节理解题。 根据文章第二段第二句James Brindley is recognized as onet of the leading early canal engineers. 所对应的日期November 7th。故选C。

　　22. D 细节理解题。 根据文章第四段February 6th中的第一句 An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. 可以得出答案。故选D。

　　23. A 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. 可以知道做报告的人是Mirands Vickets。 故选A。

　　（2015年全国1卷 B篇）

　　The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.

　　The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.

　　Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.

　　Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.

　　24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?

　　A. Exciting.

　　B. Boring.

　　C. Relaxing.

　　D. Annoying.

　　25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile?

　　A. Having a swim.

　　B. Breathing in fresh air.

　　C. Walking in the morning sun.

　　D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.

　　26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?

　　A. They are soft.

　　B. They look nice.

　　C. They taste great.

　　D. They are juicy.

　　27. What was the author going to that evening?

　　A. Go to a farm.

　　B. Check into a hotel.

　　C. Eat in a restaurant.

　　D. Buy fresh vegetables.

　　【解析】

　　27. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段尤其倒数第一二句可知，作者晚上计划在餐馆吃饭，并且点西红柿，故选C。

　　五、广告类

　　【命题趋势】

　　人们的生活与广告有密切的关系，综观各地的高考试题， 命题者皆偏爱考查学生的广告类阅读理解能力，如全国2 卷的A 篇。因为广告来自生活，取材英美国家的报刊、杂志，语言地道，原汁原味。考题符合考纲和考试说明上面的要求。现将对广告的特点和命题趋势及应对策略加以分析，并附真题及分析，以期对考生提供一些帮助。广告类阅读有五大特点： 1. 材料特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。  2. 内容特点：涉及与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。  3. 形式特点：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。  4. 用词特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。  5. 命题特点： 广告类阅读题的命题主要是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。 

　　【应试对策】 1. 先题后文法：“ 先题后文”指的就是先读试题，了解试题的考查点，再根据试题的要求快速阅读短文。 2. 题干定向法： 如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段基本相同，则可直接对号入座；如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段有较大的出入，则要进行一定的处理，这个“ 处理”是多方面的，它可能包括对原文进行同义变换、对概念进行解析、对事实进行归纳、将具体问题抽象化或将抽象问题具体化、将文中提到的原则或规则进行实际运用等等。  3. 错误排除法：一般说来，对于那些与文意明显不符或与文章内容不相关的选项比较容易排除， 但有些选项与文章内容相符，却与题干问题不吻合，即属答非所问的情形，也应作为错误项予以排除，尤其那些从文章中摘录的句子，要特别小心，它们很有可能是干扰项。除了验证其是否能回答所提问题外，还要看它是否回答了问题的主要方面， 也就是说看它是不是最佳答案， 如果它只能回答所提问题的一个侧面或还有比它更合适的选项，都要毫不犹豫地将其排除。  4. 信息补全法：前面讲到，广告类阅读材料的一大特点是缩略词和省略句多。考生在做题时，要注意根据文章的上下文语境将省略句补充完整， 以便于正确地理解和答题。  常见的缩略语：  星期缩略语：Mon (Monday), Tues (Tuesday), Wed(Wednesday), Thur (Thursday), Fri (Friday), Sat (Saturday),Sun (Sunday)等。  月份缩略语：Jan (January), Feb (February), Mar(March), Apr (April), Jun (June), Jul (July), Aug (August),Sept (September), Oct (October), Nov (November), Dec(December) 等。  电话缩略语：Tel (telephone), Ph (phone) 等。  地址、公司名等缩写语：Add (address), No (number)，Rd (road), Co (company), Ltd (Limited)等。  某些时间缩略语：hrs (hours), yrs (years), a.m.(in themorning), p.m. (in the afternoon) 等。  其他常见缩略语：max (maximum, 最大量, 最大限度), min (minimum, 最小量, 最小限度), doz (dozen), fig (figure), ft (foot) , ml (mile), esp (especially), Mt (mountain),p (page), prof. (professor). Dr. (doctor), vs (versus,对), info (information), aft (after), ad (advertisement), m(male), f (female) 等。  5. 生词模糊法： 生词多是广告类阅读材料的一大特点。面对这些生词同学们该怎么办呢？ 许多同学首先想到的是想办法来猜测其词义。当然，若能根据上下文的语境猜出生词的词义，那再好不过了。但问题是，有些生词是无法猜的，命题者也没有要求考生去猜测其词义， 因为试题本身没有涉及对这些生词的理解，而且这些生词也根本不会影响到答题。对于这些生词， 考生在做题时只要模糊地知道它们的存在就够了，千万不要一看到生词就紧张，就被它们吓住。

　　（2016年全国2卷C篇）

　　Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.

　　Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.

　　Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”

　　Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.

　　People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.

　　BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.

　　9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?

　　A. To explain what they are.

　　B. To introduce BookCrossing.

　　C. To stress the importance of reading.

　　D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.

　　10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A. The book.

　　B. An adventure.

　　C. A public place.

　　D. The identification number.

　　11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?

　　A. Meet other readers to discuss it.

　　B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.

　　C. Pass it on to another reader.

　　D. Mail it back to its owner

　　12. What is the best title for the text?

　　A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour

　　B. Electronic Books: A new Trend

　　C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back

　　D. A Website Links People through Books

　　【解析】

　　9.B 目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出BookCrossing.com,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站BookCrossing.com。故B正确。

　　10.A 代词指代题。根据本句“... hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”可知，那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。故A正确。

　　11.C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“... the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”可知，让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookCrossing.com的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。

　　12.D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookCrossing.com把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。

　　（2016年全国3卷A篇）

　　Music

　　Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone：241–2742. http://www.cityopera.com.

　　Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723–1182 for more information.

　　Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381–3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.

　　College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I．D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556–4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.

　　Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232–6220.

　　1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?

　　A. 241–2742．

　　B. 723–1182．

　　C. 381–3300.

　　D. 232–6220.

　　2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?

　　A．February．

　　B. May．

　　C. August．

　　D. November．

　　3. Where can student go for free performances with their I.D. cards?

　　A. Music Hall．

　　B. Memorial Hall．

　　C. Patricia Cobbett Theater．

　　D. Riverbend Music Theater.

　　4. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?

　　A. It has seats in the open air．

　　B. It gives shows all year round.

　　C. It offers membership discounts．

　　D. It presents famous musical works.

　　1.A细节理解题。根据opera定位到第一个活动，第一个活动的联系电话是241–2742，故选A。

　　2.B细节理解题。Chamber Orchestra定位到第二个活动，＂which offers several concerts from March through June＂，3月到6，故选B

　　3.C细节理解题。with their I.D. cards定位到第四个活动中的＂Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free.＂和 usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater，故选C

　　4.A推理判断题。根据Riverbend Music Theater定位到最后一个活动，＂Large outdoor theater with the closest seats＂，Riverbend Music Theater，，，，Riverbend Music Theater；＂all summer long!＂B；CD项在最后一个活动中没被提到。故选A试卷体裁 2015全国1卷 2015全国2卷 2016全国1卷 2016全国2卷 2016全国3卷

　　人物传记类 1 - 1 - -

　　社会生活类 1 3 1 - 2

　　逸闻趣事类 - 1 2 2 1

　　史地常识类 2 - 1 1 -

　　广告阅读类 - - - 1 1