2017届高考英语一轮复习AB分类练：专题12 阅读七选五（全国通用含解析）

　　专题十二　阅读七选五

　　2016～2017年各省市高考题A卷　全国卷

　　Passage 1　(2016·全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Secret codes (密码)keep messages private.Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

　　People have used secret codes for thousands of years.__1__ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

　　There are three main types of cryptography.__2__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

　　__3__You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let?s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “135520175.”

　　A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.__4__ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” __5__However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.

　　A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

　　B．In any language, some letters are used more than others.

　　C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

　　D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

　　E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

　　F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

　　G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

　　【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文。向读者介绍了密码在生活中的作用及密码学的三种基本类型。

　　1．D　[考查综合分析能力。联系下一句的意思，“创设密码和破译密码总是相伴而生的”，可以推断此处意思是“只要有密码存在，人们总是千方百计地进行破译”。故选D项。]

　　2．E　[考查联系上下文的能力。依据接下来的举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。因此答案为E。]

　　3．G　G。G项中的another也是解题的关键标志词。]

　　4．F　[考查联系上下文的能力。空格前的a code book暗示答案可能为F项，通过验证，两句意思通顺自然，衔接紧密。故答案为F。]

　　5．A　[考查综合分析能力。由下文中的“also hard”二词可知答案非A莫属。]

　　Passage 2　(2016·全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　A garden thats just right for you

　　Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts？__1__．But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

　　•__2__

　　Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．__3__．However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.

　　•Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

　　Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.__4__—how being in those gardens made us feel.If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.__5__．Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown－up garden.Have fun.

　　A．Know why you garden

　　B．Find a good place for your own garden

　　C．Its our experience of the garden that matters

　　D．Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

　　E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

　　F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

　　G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have

　　【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何做园艺，让美丽的

　　1．F　[本题考查联系上下文的能力。根据前面的Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you可知，你是否参观过一个美丽的花园，再结合后面的It starts with looking inside yourself可知，故F项“你也可以把自己的花园弄得这么漂亮”符合语境。]

　　2．A　[本题考查综合分析能力。根据后面的there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden可知，这一部分主要说明的是首先要弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故A项与之相符。]

　　3．E　[本题考查综合分析能力。前两句谈到有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心的是少用水少用肥料的方法。本句应该仍然是人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致。]

　　4．C　[本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。根据前面的thats not what’s important可知，这里强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。]

　　5．G　[本题考查综合分析能力。这里介绍的是自己弄一个花园，要回忆一下年轻时所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并去践行。故G项与上下文一致。]

　　Passage 3　(2016·全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Everyone knows that fish is good for health.__1__But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn?t difficult.__2__This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

　　__3__Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you?re standing at the ocean?s edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn?t fresh.__4__When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you?d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don?t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn?t as tasty as the fresh one.

　　There are many common methods used to cook fish.__5__First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，its ready to serve.

　　A．Do not buy it.

　　B．The easiest is to steam it.

　　C．This is how you can do it.

　　D．It just requires a little knowledge.

　　EThe fish will go bad within hours.

　　F．When buying fish，you should first smell it.

　　G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了吃鱼对人的好处以及挑选鱼和做鱼的方法。

　　1．G　[根据该空内容的前一句和后面的but 可知该空G选项符合语境。]

　　2．D　[根据后面的解释内容可以判断此句起到承上启下的作用，故判断D选项符合语境。]

　　3．F　[根据后面的解释内容可以判断此处应该填选鱼的方法，故F选项符合语境。]

　　4．A　[此句是对上文的一个总结，根据因果关系，故选A选项。]

　　5．B　[根B选项符合语境。]

　　Passage 4　(2015·新课标全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Building Trust in a Relationship Again

　　Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.__1__ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

　　Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.__2__ It’s understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.

　　•__3__ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well－being.

　　•__4__

　　If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.

　　•You didn’t lose “everything”．Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.__5__ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

　　A．Learn to really trust yourself.

　　B．It is putting confidence in someone.

　　C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

　　D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.

　　E．Theyve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

　　F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

　　G．Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean you’re ignoring what happened.

　　【语篇导读】　这是一篇议论文。信任是来源于人们以往经历的一种非天生行为。但有时它也会带来风险。当我们失去对别人的信任时，该如何重新获得呢？本文向前读者

　　1．B　[本题考查综合分析能力。前句讲的是信任是人们从过去的经历中学来的一种行为。本空在此基础上做进一步的说明，即信任就是依赖某人。故答案选B。]

　　2．E　[本题考查联系上下文的能力。本段的主要内容是，人们由于遭受欺骗或受到误导等而倍感受伤，不能忍受此类事情再次发生，从而就不再相信任何人。E项中的they与前句中的people相对应，且与下句“Its understandable.”衔接自然E。]

　　3．A　[本题考查联系上下文的能力。后面一句是对空格的解释和说明。其中“Having confidence in yourself”与A项中的trust yourself意义相近。因此答案选A。]

　　4．C　[本题考查综合分析能力。通读本段可知其大意是：一旦遭到背叛，你就成为客观环境的受害者，但作为一名受害者和以受害者的身份去生活是不同的。所选答案应当包含关键词victim。由此可知答案为C。]

　　5．G　[本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。本段的内容围绕主题句“You didnt lose everything.”展开。一旦失去了信任，就要将目光放在仍然拥有的一切上面，对生活中美好的人或事心存感激。通过这一次的经历，给谅解和自身的成长提供足够的空间才是正确的做法。因此答案为G。另外，空格之后的Instead一词对解答本题有明显的提示作用。]

　　Passage 5　(2015·新课标全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.__1__，buy the best－fitting，best－built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double－check the fit.__2__．As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

　　During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.__3__，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.__4__．After two weeks，start timing yourself.__5__．Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.

　　A．After six days

　　B．For a good marathon runner

　　C．Before you begin your training

　　D．With each day，increase the distance by a half mile

　　E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them

　　F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

　　G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

　　【语篇导读】　这篇短文向读者介绍了马拉松训练之前要做的准备工作，包括跑鞋的挑选和注意事项，也给出了每日训练里程的建议。

　　1. C　[本题考查综合分析能力。马拉松训练需要精心准备，且要按照循序渐进的原则增加跑步里程。而空格之后的购买鞋子的事宜也是准备工作的一部分，需要提前做好。故答案选C。]

　　2．E　[本题考查联系上下文的能力。由上句可知，找到合适的鞋子之后穿上几天，以确认一下是否合适。E项承接这一内容，若仍然感觉舒适，跑步时就可以穿上。]

　　3．A　[本题考查联系上下文的能力。由“to take a day off to rest”可知，在第一周时，要留出一天的休息时间。因此A项与语境相吻合。]

　　4．D　[本题考查综合分析能力。前文谈论的是跑步里程的问题，选项D与此相对应。关键词a half有助于锁定D项为正确答案

　　5．G　[本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。本段开始论述的是前两周的跑步里程，空格前面一句说的是时间问题，而选项G中的distance和time恰好与这两个话题相关联。因此答案为G。]

　　Passage 6　(2017·新课标全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.__1__ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

　　1．Curiosity

　　Your children need to be deeply curious.__2__ Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?

　　2．Creativity

　　True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.__3__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

　　3．Interpersonal Skills

　　Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what’s going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.__4__“Why do you think shes crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”

　　4．Self Expression

　　__5__ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

　　A．Encourage kids to cook with you.

　　B．And we cant forget science education.

　　C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

　　D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?

　　E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

　　F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

　　G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

　　【语篇导读】　本文讲述了如何帮孩子发

　　1．D　[根据“By helping them...what the future holds”可知这里叙述的是帮助孩子发展其技能，所以上句应该是应该怎样帮助他们为将来的工作做好准备。故选D。]

　　2．A　[根据“What ingredients can we add to...and try them out”可知这里叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好，所以上句应该是鼓励孩子和你一起做饭。故选A。]

　　3．C　[根据“True creativity is the ability to...from it.”可知这里叙述的是根据现存事物创造新事物。所以后面应该是我们可以提供给孩子机会使他们尝试创新。故选C。]

　　4．F　[根据下文“Why do you think...？”和“Can you tell how...？”以及“If someone were...？”可知这里是问孩子怎样判断人的情感，所以上文应该是我F。]

　　5．G　[根据下文“There are many ways to express...”可知这里叙述的是有许多方法可以表达自己的想法和观点，所以上文应该是用一种有意义的方式交流观点和想法是非常珍贵的技能，故选G。]

　　Passage 7　(2017·新课标全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能

　　Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

　　From my experience，there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often：ability，money，and time.__1__ Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：

　　1．Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials already？__2__

　　2．Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？__3__ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

　　3．__4__ This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

　　Hopefully that gives you a good start.__5__ and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

　　A．Try new things.

　　B．Ability is easily improved.

　　C．Make three or four instead.

　　D．Understand your food better.

　　E．Cooking is a burden for many people.

　　F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

　　G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

　　【语篇导读】　本文为说明文，就如何在紧张忙碌的生活中使下厨烹饪成为一种乐趣提出了三条建议。

　　1．B[考查上下文衔接。作者在文章开头部分介绍了人们不太经常做饭的原因。有能力、时间和金钱等原因。然后空后面介绍了金钱和时间原因。只余下“能力”原因。故B项正确。]

　　2．G　[考查段落大意。根据本段开头“Think ahead”告诉人们提前计划，做好准备，这样做饭就不是件痛苦的事了。故G正确。]

　　3．C　[考查上下文衔接。本段讲到要让时间花得更值。空前说到“Are you making one loaf of bread？”空后说到“It takes around the same time...something.”所以空中应该是“要做三、四个”才能起到承上启下的作用。故C项正确。]

　　4．A　[考查段落主题句。本段中提到要多尝试新的菜谱和想法，这样做饭的能力就会提高，故A项正确。]

　　5．F　[考查上下文衔接。上文中作者提到了如何充分高效利用做饭时间，空后面又提到“不要因为紧张的时间安排而不能去享受生活”。所以F正确。]

　　Passage 8　(2017·新课标全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)—that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business.__1__Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.__2__

　　Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business.__3__One is the establishment(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production；sales；the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies；and accounting.__4__The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管) and guidance by the management in authority.__5__

　　A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

　　B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

　　C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

　　D．However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

　　E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

　　F．In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.

　　G．Planning in business management has three main aspects.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，为读者介绍了什么是商业和商业管理。

　　1．D　[前文介绍了什么是Commonly called nonprofits”，由此可知空处应填D，表示语意的转折，介绍非营利性商业机构。]

　　2．C　[上句提到了非营利性商业机构，则空处应是提供更多的信息，对上句进行进一步的阐释和扩展。故选C项。]

　　3．G　[前句解释了商业管理的概念，下文为商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，因此本句填G，商业管理中的规划包括三个方面的内容。]

　　4．E　[前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，显然本句应介绍第二个方面，故填E。]

　　5．A　[第二段的第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧，分别是planning，direction和control。接下来已经介绍了前两者，最后一点“control”还未提及，所以本空应涉及control的内容。故本空填A。]

　　Passage 9　(2017·新课标全

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Public Speaking Training

　　•Get a coach

　　__1__，so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses，here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you.

　　•Focus on positives

　　Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well.Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren’t doing well.__2__，so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do.

　　•__3__

　　If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts，walk away！Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about.__4__.As far as we’re concerned，there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.

　　•You are a special person not a clone

　　Most importantly，good public speaking training should treat you as a special one，with your own personal habits.__5__.Your training course should help you bring out your personality，not try to turn you into someone youre not.

　　A．You arent like anybody else

　　B．You already do lots of things well

　　C．Turn your back on too many rules

　　D．Check the rules about dos and donts

　　E．Whatever the presentation，public speaking is tough

　　F．The one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleep

　　G．So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。训练演讲能力的方式很多，其中包括积极主动、放弃规则和坚持自我等。

　　1．E　[主旨大意题。本文介绍训练演讲能力的方法，所以此处是文章主题句；再联系下文中的so get help可知，E项填入此空最合适。]

　　2．B　[细节过渡题。下文中提到应该发展自己的优势，说明你在许多方面做得不错。]

　　3．C　[主旨大意题。下文中提到要放弃束缚自己的规则，也没有捷径可走，这样C项作为该段的小标题是最佳选项。]

　　4．G　[细节过渡题。该段的主旨是放弃规则，所以此处是谈到墨守规则的害处，这个语境也和上文的意思一致。]

　　5．A　[细节过渡题。根据上文中的“...treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits.”可以推知，你和其他任何人都不同。]

　　Passage 10　(2017·新课标全国)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Kids health: Four steps for fighting stress

　　Everybody gets stressed from time to time.__1__Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don’t solve much.But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.

　　Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：

　　(1)Get support.When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives.__2__They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.

　　(2)Don?t take it out on yourself.Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.Oh, dear, that?s not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you.Don?t take it out on yourself.

　　__3__

　　(3)Try to solve the problem.After you?re calm and you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business.__4__ Even if you can’t solve it all，you can solve a piece of it.

　　(4)Be positive.Most stress is temporary (暂时的)．Remember stress does go away，especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.

　　These steps arent magic, but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you’ll help yourself feel better even faster.__5__

　　A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

　　B．Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.

　　C．Different people feel stress in different ways.

　　D．Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

　　E．You need to figure out what the problem is.

　　F．And dont forget about your friends.

　　G．Then, find a way to calm down.

　　答案　1.C　2.F　3.A　4.E　5.D

　　B卷　地方卷

　　Passage 1　(2016·北京)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　The Science of Risk－Seeking

　　Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking.__1__

　　Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

　　The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk－takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring.__2__

　　As the quality of risk－taking was passed from one generation to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

　　So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well，even 200，000 years ago，too much risk－taking could get one killed.A few daring survived，though，along with a few stay－in－the－cave types.As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it.__3__

　　No matter where you are on the risk－seeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.__4__

　　To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

　　__5__

　　For the risk－seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

　　As experts continue to study the science of risk－seeking，well continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

　　A．It all depends on your character.

　　B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.

　　C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

　　D．Thus，these well－equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

　　E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

　　F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

　　G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

　　【语篇导读】　本文为说明文。主要探讨了为什么某些人喜欢冒险，它们冒险的动机是什么等。

　　1．F　[根据空前面的“weigh the risk and the reward”可以看出和F项中的“weigh risks and

　　rewards”对应，同时F项与空格前面的一句话之间是转折关系，句意衔接紧密，故选F。]

　　2．C　[根据空前面的“better at hunting，fishing，or exploring”可以看出和C项中Being better at those things”相呼应。故选C项。]

　　3．A　[空格前第二句中出现character types与A选项中的character相对应；空格前一句中的you 与选项中的your在人称上保持一致，空格前一句中动词love与hate和A选项中的depends on保持对应，故选A项。]

　　4．E　[空格前一句出现了teenager years 与E选项当中的this 相对，另外E选项当中提到 move away from family into the bigger world也是对空格前一句中的teenager years的解释。故选E项。]

　　5．G　[空格后一句中提及pleasure和fear，是从正反两方面进行对比，对应G项中的differently，再根据空格后一句中出现的risk－seeker，brain，us等词与选项G中的nervous situation，our brains相对应，故选G项。]

　　Passage 2　(2016·四川)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.__1__In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.

　　One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.__2__Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力)．These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.

　　__3__They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.

　　__4__Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency (倾向) to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.__5__

　　A．However, women, on average, live longer.

　　B．The biological factor plays an important part.

　　C．Women are also helped by their female genes.

　　D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way.

　　E．Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.

　　F．Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.

　　G．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.

　　【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文。介绍了女性比男性寿命长的原因。

　　1．A　[上下文过渡句。根据空后的“they can expect to live six or seven years more than men”可知，这是对空格处作进一步的说明。]

　　2．G　[上下文过渡句。空格前句说明女性比男性寿命长的原因在于“hormones”的不同，接着对“hormones”作进一步的解释。]

　　3．D　[上下文过渡句。空后三句主要讲述雌激素在抵抗疾病方面的作用。]

　　4．C　[上下文过渡句。空后主要讲述基因与年老的关系。C项中的genes与空后句中的genes是原

　　5．E　[细节支撑句。空前讲述了科学家们的两种不同观点，E项中的“both of these possibilities”指的就是这两种不同观点。]

　　Passage 3　(2016·浙江)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　A．Get involved in student activities

　　B．Your voice is actually super important

　　C．There is a significant increase of opportunities

　　D．Stay in active communication with your friends

　　E．Get smart about the people who you spend your time with

　　F．Your major does not matter as much in your first year of college

　　Five Things Nobody Told Me about College

　　As I type this，I am in my university dorm room.A year ago，when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications，I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.However，theres only so much that prep books，websites，and older friends can teach.Here are the top 5 things nobody told me about college：

　　1____

　　Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.If they tell you otherwise，theyre lying and will probably change what they want to pursue within the first quarter of attendance.During my first quarter at University of California，Riverside (UCR)，I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on International Affairs，so thats what I applied for.However，once I worked with statewide and local government，I realized that a better fit for me would be Public Policy，and now I am in the process of changing my area.

　　2____

　　In college，there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations.However，there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something.In order for you to take full advantage of the conferences，researches，internships(实习)，and fellowships that your university offers，apply! Step into your academic advisor’s office，introduce yourself，and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career.Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone，and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.

　　3____

　　College is where you meet your bridesmaids，groomsmen，neighbors，and potential bosses.The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later，so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.You are only one person，and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose.Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are，and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.

　　4____

　　As a first－year，I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed.It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President.During my first quarter，I spoke directly to the Chancellor(校长)，asking him for support towards my initiatives(提议)，met with the Vice Chancellors，and cooperated with my teaching assistants to begin my undergraduate research project.Nothing good will happen when you are silent.

　　5____

　　At my high school，there were about only four active clubs and organizations that students could be a part of.Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCRs campus，where over 400 organizations exist，ranging from political organizations to karate club.You are not paying all of your tuition(学费)to merely go to class，study，pass tests and graduate.Make something worthy out of your experience.Create stories that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day.It all begins here，by signing up to join an organization.

　　【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了作者在大学体会到的五件重要的事情。

　　1．F　[根据本段的句子Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study. If they tell you otherwise, theyre lying and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of attendance.可知，这段主要介绍了：你的专业在大学一年级不重要。故选F。]

　　2．C　[根据本段中的句子In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations.可知，本段主要介绍了：机会会不断增加。故选C。]

　　3．E　[根据本段的句子The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.可知，这段主要介绍了：对于在一起的人要理性一些。故选E。]

　　4．B　[根据本段的句子Nothing good will happen when you are silent.可知，这段主要介绍了：你说的话实际上非常重要。故选B。]

　　5．A　[根据本段的句子It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.可知，这段主要介绍了：参与一些学生的活动。故选A。]

　　Passage 4　(2015·北京)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　This Way to Dreamland

　　Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.__1__ They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

　　But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.__2__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

　　So how can we come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?

　　First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__3__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task，preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

　　Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__4__

　　Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.__5__

　　Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

　　A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.

　　B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

　　C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity, Coke or Post－it notes.

　　D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

　　E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self－control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

　　F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.

　　G．Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re

　　in the daydream zone.

　　【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了“白日梦”现象事实上有助于创造性思维的开发。

　　1．B　[第一段具体列举“白日梦”在大众印象中的有哪些弊端。选项在文章前后句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。故选B。]

　　2．C　[本段话主要说明白日梦其实有很多好处，选项前后是顺承关系，故选C。]

　　3．A　[A中的“also helps”与空前一句中的“help”对应，且两句话主语形式统一，都说的是进入空想的条件，故答案为A项。]

　　4．E　[本段主要谈如何避免空想。选项E中的It指代上句中的Mindfulness，此时是对上句内容的解释，故答案为E项。]

　　5．G　[本选项中有逻辑词therefore可作为解题线索之一，空前主要讲了精彩的想法随时都会出现，所以带一个笔记本或录音机以便随时记录是一个好G。]

　　Passage 5　(2015·四川)

　　根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。

　　A：I need to lose some weight.My clothes dont fit anymore.__1__

　　B：Well, instead of watching TV all day, you could do more exercise.

　　A：__2__

　　B: Like cycling, or you could work out at the gym.

　　A: I dont have time.__3__

　　B：OK, then you could change your diet.__4__

　　A：You mean no more hamburgers! Oh no!

　　B: OK.__5__

　　A．Like what?

　　B．Im too busy.

　　C．What should I do?

　　D．Some more hamburgers?

　　E．Buy some larger clothes then.

　　F．Thats a good idea.Thanks a lot.

　　G．Eat something healthier, like fruit.

　　【语篇导读】　本文通过两个人的对话，告诉了我们减

　　1．C　[考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据下文的you could do more exercise.可知，上文是询问该怎么做，故选择C。]

　　2．A　[考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据下文的Like cycling, or you could work out at the gym.可知，上文要求说话者举例说明， 故选择A。]

　　3．B　[考查对下文的总结I don’t have time.可知，选择B，意为我很忙。]

　　4．G　[考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据上文的you could change your diet.可知，应吃些健康食品， 如水果。]

　　5．E　[考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据上文的You mean no more hamburgers! Oh no！可知如果不这样做，就只有买大号的衣服了。]

　　Passage 6　(2017·北京)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Evaluating Sources (来源) of Health Information

　　Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.__1__

　　Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.__2__

　　Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior“contributes to”or is“associated with”an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.__3__ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

　　Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.__4__ Evaluate“scientific”statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)．

　　__5__ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

　　Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

　　A．Make choices that are right for you.

　　B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

　　C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.

　　D．And examine the findings of the original research.

　　E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

　　F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.

　　G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

　　答案　1.G　[通过整体把握，可以发现文章是“总分总”的结构，第一段与最后一段是开头和总结，而中间的段落便是作者提出的建议。因此第一段末的句子应该起到统领下文各条建议的作用，故答案是G。]

　　2．D　[本段的关键词是the original source，作者建议要认真考虑研究的内容，并D，the original research同the original source相对应。]

　　3．F　[本段与misleading language“误导性的语言”相关，故答案是F，要知道作者也许会错误地传递信息，所以为了完全了解这些信息，要仔细阅读或者倾听。]

　　4．B　[空格前提到的advertisements和B选项中的an ad是对应的。]

　　5．A　[本段说朋友和家人可能也会提供很多的建议和想法，但是我们每个人都应该找到适合自己的，故与选项A表达的意思是相同的，即要做出适合自己的决定。]

　　Passage 7　(2017·四川)

　　根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。

　　Mary：Mike，how do I look in these blue jeans?

　　Mike：__1__ They really suit you，Mary!

　　Mary：Thanks，you know，these kinds of jeans are in style now.

　　Mike：__2__

　　Mary：I mean...they are very popular these days；everyone is wearing them!

　　Mike：You are great at keeping up with fashions.

　　Mary：Well,

　　__3__

　　Mike：Perhaps you can help me pick out a pair of jeans now，since you are an expert.

　　Mary：__4__ I would be happy to help you with your fashion change!

　　Mike：__5__

　　A．Wow，great!

　　B．No problem!

　　C．See you then.

　　D．Any suggestions?

　　E．I am a girl after all.

　　F．What do you mean?

　　G．Thank you so much!

　　【语篇导读】　这是一则谈论衣着的小对话。

　　1．A　[由上面的问句及后面的答语可知A为正确答案。]

　　2．F　[下面的“I mean...”明显暗示出答案。]

　　3．E　[女孩子喜欢赶时E项与上一句衔接自然。]

　　4．B　[根据后面一句可知此处意为“没问题”。]

　　5．G　[别人爽快答应帮助自己，应向对方表示感谢才符合交际习惯。]

　　Passage 8　(2017·辽宁)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life.Every waking moment，the eyes are working to see the world around us.Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：

　　· Schedule yearly exams.__1__Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses.

　　· Protect against UV rays (紫外线)．Long－term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is，its extremely important to wear sunglasses.__2__

　　· Give your eyes a break.Two－thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.__3__

　　Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes，take a 20－second break and look at something 20 feet away.

　　·__4__

　　As part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day.Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

　　·Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜)．Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.__5__

　　Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.

　　A．Eat your greens.

　　B．Eye care should begin early in life.

　　C．They can properly protect your eyes.

　　D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

　　E．Parents usually dont care about their own eyesight.

　　F．Always follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.

　　G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

　　【语篇导读】　拥有健康的视力是每个人关心的事情，本文介绍了五个建议可以让我们终身享有健康的视力。

　　1．B　[从空的下一句Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.可以看出视力应从娃娃抓起。]

　　2．C　[本段内容是说戴太阳镜防止紫外线伤害眼睛的问题。无论在什么季节，戴太阳镜十分重要，他们可以保护你的眼睛，和上句为承接关系，因此选C。]

　　3．G　[上句提到：三分之二的美国人每天使用电脑或其他电子产品的时间多达七个小时，下一句应自然是：这种频繁的用眼运动增加了视力疲劳的风险，G项为最佳答案。]

　　4．A　[本题应是本段的中心句。从下文提及的健康饮食，多吃水果、蔬菜可以推知A项正确。]

　　5．F　[本段讲的是正确配戴隐形眼镜的问题。要听从医生建议，恰当配戴，否则，也许会有红眼病，眼疼或者更加严重的眼部疾病，故F正确。]