专题技能突破(9)语法填空之动词
【技能讲解】 1.若括号内提供的是动词,一般需要根据语境变成恰当的时态,如过去时、进行时、完成时;2.当主语和动词是被动关系时,还需要变成被动语态;3.当括号内给出的是动词,而且所在句子已经有了谓语,就要考虑使用非谓语动词来作状语、定语、补语等。在名词后时,常作定语,需要分析名词和动词的主被动关系,doing表主动、伴随,done表被动、完成。典例剖析1.[2015·课标全国卷]It was raining lightly when I
________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
[答案] arrived 根据语境判断本空处时态应该和was一致,应填arrived。
2.[2015·广东高考]While making great efforts to run away, she ________ (fall) over the hill and died.
[答案] fell 根据上下文的时态推断用过去时fell。
3.[2016·宁夏平罗调研]I ________ (wear)glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them. They make me look like a bookworm.
[答案] have been wearing 句意:我从小学开始就一直戴眼镜。我讨厌眼镜,它们让我看起来像个书虫。根据since可知,动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
4.[2015·广东高考]He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby
for
other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ________ (leave).
[答案] was left 根据语境判断出what引导宾语从句,what在从句中作主语,leave和what之间是被动关系,应填was left。
5.[2016·安徽合肥联考]________ (surround)by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain makes it a famous tourist attraction.
[答案] Being surrounded 句意:它被美丽的绿色的山包围着,而且位于庐山的山脚下,这使得它成为一个著名的旅游胜地。句子缺少主语,且surround与it之间是被动关系,所以用动名词的被动式。
6.[2015·课标全国卷]This cycle ________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night.
[答案] goes 根据下文可知此处应为一般现在时。
7.[2015·课标全国卷]A study of travelers ________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
[答案] conducted conduct和study是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作study的后置定语。
8.[2015·天津高考] ________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
[答案] Absorbed 由于全神贯注的画画,约翰没有察觉到夜幕降临了,结合固定搭配be absorbed in,可知用absorbed作原因状语。
9.[2015·广东高考]Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ________ (sell) the wood.
[答案] to sell 根据句意判断,砍树是为了卖木头,用to sell表目的。
10.[2015·浙江高考]Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ________ (perform) live is quite another.
[答案] being performed performed作hear的补语,it与perform间为逻辑上的被动关系且表进行,故答案为being performed。
11.Mrs
Weldon ________ (weigh) only fifty kilograms, she looks as if she is very weak.
[答案] weighs weigh有及物动词、不及物动词两种用法,作及物动词时是“称……的重量”,作不及物动词时是“重……”,根据句意,应该是“Mrs Weldon重……”,所以weigh在本句中作不及物动词,无被动。再综合下文looks的时态,应填weighs。此处学生容易误填is weighed,有类似用法的还有measure。
技能点拨 对时间状语的分析,可以帮助判断合适的时态,如since, so far等常用完成时,ago, the other day等常用过去时。在对时态判断完成后,还要考虑语态是主动还是被动,综合时态语态的运用,才能做对题。
在现在分词和过去分词的选用中,判断主被动关系尤为重要。空白处作状语时,要判断空白处动词的逻辑主语和动词的关系;空白处作定语时,判断空白处动词与其修饰的名词的关系;空白处作宾补时,判断空白处动词与宾语的关系,主动关系选用现在分词,被动关系选用过去分词。
技能演练用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1.What Tai Chi does for the body
________ (attract) the attention of western scientists until now.
答案:has attracted 由until now判断使用完成时。
2.Since then, the little cloud ________ (travel) all over the world, enjoying the views of all the forests and beautiful countryside.
答案:has travelled 由 since then 判断使用完成时。
3.He ________ (eat) something at home when he received a strange phone call from a hospital.
答案:was eating “be doing...when...”固定用法。
4.Most of people think that the use of cellphones should
________ (ban) while they are driving, because in that case accidents can easily happen.
答案:be banned 开车打电话应是“被”禁止,注意ban,需双写n加ed。
5.Each year approximately 110 teachers and experts ________ (employ) from more than twenty countries to teach at BFSU.
答案:are employed 分析语境应用被动语态,注意employ后直接加ed,不需要变y为i。
6.Nowadays, the Chinese words “tuhao” have become so familiar to many Chinese people that they often play jokes on each other when
________ (chat) about the daily life.
答案:chatting chat和they是主动关系,用chatting作状语,注意chat为重读闭音节,需双写字母t。
7.Last night, there were millions of people
________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
答案:watching watch修饰people作定语,主动关系,用watching。
8.Storms that produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Friday, ________ (destroy) homes and other building and injuring at least 16 people, authorities said.
答案:destroying 现在分词作结果状语表示“自然而然”或“意料之中”的结果。
9.When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
答案:blocked blocked作saw的补语,和road是被动关系,用过去分词形式。
10.The thought of making an open fire outside at midday, and ________ (cook) in a large threelegged pot in that intense heat, was sufficient to upset even an angel.
答案:cooking cooking和making并列,作of 的宾语。
11.The days we spent at the Center inspired us boys ________ (reflect) on many things.
答案:to reflect “inspire sb. to do sth.”固定用法“鼓舞/激励某人做某事”。
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