2017届四川省郫县高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练：8（含解析）

　　四川郫县2017高考英语阅读理解选练

　　【2016高考训练】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food，hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.

　　She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.

　　The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.

　　This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.

　　The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.

　　1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?

　　A．The design of Dr.Carter's research.

　　B．The results of Dr.Carter's research.

　　C．The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.

　　D．The significance of Dr.Carter's research.

　　．According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?

　　A．Those that have more experience.

　　B．Those that can avoid potential risks.

　　C．Those that like to work independently.

　　D．Those that feel anxious about learning.

　　．Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?

　　A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.

　　B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.

　　C．Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.

　　D．Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.

　　4．Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.

　　A．storing information

　　B．learning from each other

　　C．understanding different people

　　D．travelling between social groups

　　答案：

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。剑桥大学的一些研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习成效的因素不是它们的智力，而是其性格以及对学习的渴望程度。这一研究结果也适用于人类社会：如果我们不善于与他人沟通或太胆怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么会阻碍以社会学习为基础的文化的形成。

　　．A　解析：推理判断题。第一段描述了研究人员如何开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会观看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任务的，而另外一些狒狒则不得不自学完成任务，因此选A项“卡特博士研究的设计”，而非研究的“结果”“目的”或“重要性”。

　　．D　解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn...及第三段中The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not...这些对实验的描述可知D项“那些渴望学习的狒狒”符合题意。

　　．C　解析：推理判断题。该词所在上文，即第二、三段提到在观察了别的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望学习的狒狒学到本领，而害羞的狒狒学了却不像别的狒狒那样去做；再根据between collecting social information and using it可知与“收集”和“使用”对应的是“观察别人但不跟着做”，即C项。

　　．B　解析：细节理解题。最后一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意为“研究结果可能会影响我们如何理解社会文化的形成，该文化的形成是通过社会学习获得的”。换言之，作者认为我们的文化是通过social learning而形成的，与B项“互相学习”相呼应，而非“储存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社会群体间传播”。

　　Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He stopped by the fence in front of the house where he lived with his aunt Polly. He looked at it, and all joy left him. The fence was long and high. He put the brush into the whitewash and moved it along the top of the fence. He repeated the operation. He felt he could not continue and sat down.

　　He knew that his friends would arrive soon with all kinds of interesting plans for the day. They would walk past him and laugh. They would make jokes about his having to work on a beautiful summer Saturday. The thought burned him like fire.

　　He put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. Perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him. But there was nothing of value in his pockets —nothing that could buy even half an hour of freedom. So he put the bits of toys back into his pockets and gave up the idea

　　At this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. It filled his mind with a great, bright light. Calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash.

　　While Tom was working, Ben Rogers appeared. Ben was eating an apple as he walked along the street. As he walked along, he was making noises like the sound of a riverboat. First he shouted loudly, like a boat captain. Then he said “Ding-Dong-Dong”, “Ding-Dong-Dong” again and again, like the bell of a riverboat. And he made other strange noises. When he came close to Tom, he stopped.

　　Tom went on whitewashing. He did not look at Ben. Ben stared a moment and then said: “Hello! I’m going swimming, but you can’t go, can you?”

　　No answer. Tom moved his brush carefully along the fence and looked at the result with the eye of an artist. Ben came nearer. Tom’s mouth watered for the apple, but he kept on working.

　　Ben said, “Hello, old fellow, you’ve got to work, hey?”

　　Tom turned suddenly and said, “Why, it’s you, Ben! I wasn’t noticing.”

　　“Say —I’m going swimming. Don’t you wish you could? But of course you’d rather work — wouldn’t you? Of course you would.”

　　Tom looked at the boy a bit, and said “What do you call work?”

　　“Why, isn’t that work?”

　　Tom went back to his whitewashing, and answered carelessly.

　　“Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn’t. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer.”

　　“Oh come, now, you don’t mean to say that you like it?”

　　The brush continued to move.

　　“Like it? Well, I don’t see why I shouldn’t like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?”

　　Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. Ben watched every move and got more and more interested. Soon he said,

　　“Say, Tom, let me whitewash a little.”

　　Tom thought for a moment, was about to agree; but he changed his mind.

　　“No —no —it won’t do, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly wants this fence to be perfect. It has got to be done very carefully. I don’t think there is one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it well enough.”

　　“No —is that so? Oh come, now —let me just try. Only just a little.” “Ben, I’d like to, but if it isn’t done right, I’m afraid Aunt Polly … ”

　　“Oh, I’ll be careful. Now let me try. Say —I’ll give you the core of my apple.”

　　“Well, here —No, Ben, now don’t. I’m afraid …”

　　“I’ll give you all of it.”

　　Tom gave up the brush with unwillingness on his face, but joy in his heart. And while Ben worked at the fence in the hot sun, Tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help. There were enough boys. Each one came to laugh, but remained to whitewash. By the time Ben was tired, Tom sold the next chance to Billy for a kite; and when Billy was tired, Johnny bought in for a dead rat —and so on, hour after hour. And when the middle of the afternoon came, Tom had won many treasures.

　　And he had not worked. He had had a nice idle time all the time, with plenty of company －and the fence had been whitewashed three times. If he hadn’t run out of whitewash, Tom would have owned everything belonging to his friends.

　　He had discovered a great law of human action, namely, that in order to make a man or a boy want a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to get.

　　1. How many characters are mentioned in this story?

　　A. 4

　　B. 5

　　C. 6

　　D. 7

　　2. Why did Tom take all his bits of toys out of his pockets?

　　A. Because he is tired and wanted to play with his toys.

　　B. Because he wanted to throw his toys away.

　　C. Because he wanted to give his toys to his friends.

　　D. Because he wanted to know if he could buy help with his toys.

　　3. Tom was about to agree to let Ben whitewash when he changed his mind because ______.

　　A. Tom wanted to do the whitewashing by himself

　　B. Tom planned to make Ben give up his apple first

　　C. Tom was unwilling to let Ben do the whitewashing

　　D. Tom was afraid Ben would do the whitewashing better.

　　4. We can learn from the passage that ________.

　　A. Tom was interested in whitewashing the fence.

　　B. Tom had a lot of friends who are ready to help others.

　　C. Tom was unwilling to whitewash the fence, but he managed to let other boys do it for him

　　D. Tom was good at whitewashing the fence, so he looked at the result of his work with the eye of an artist.

　　5. What made Ben Rogers eagerly gave up his apple and offer to brush the fence for Tom?

　　A. His warm heart and kindness to friends.

　　B. His curiosity about Tom’s brushing job.

　　C. Tom’s threat.

　　D. Aunt Polly’s idea]

　　6. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

　　A. The Happy Whitewasher

　　B. Tom And His Fellows

　　C. Whitewashing A Fence

　　D. How To Make The Things Difficult To Get

　　【参考答案】1—6、BDBCBA

　　阅读理解。

　　An Australian company, Smart Car Technologies, has developed a system that lets drivers know when they’re speeding. When the technology becomes commercially available, it could help lead-footed drivers avoid tickets and also save lives. The company that developed the product hopes to convince Australian government agencies to put the technology into use in their automobile fleets.

　　The product, called Speed Alert, links real-time location data and speed obtained with the help of GPS to a database of posted speed limits stored in a driver’s PDA or programmable mobile phone. The setup of the product does not need to be hooked up to a car’s speedometer. In fact, it is entirely portable. It will also work with newer phones and PDAs that have built-in GPS receivers. If a driver exceeds the speed limit, the speed is shown and an alert sounds.

　　Michael Paine, an Australian vehicle design engineer and traffic safety consultant, was hired to analyze the product. He told Live Science

　　that his colleagues in the road safety field are “very enthusiastic” about what they’re now calling “intelligent speed alert.” Other research, according to Paine, shows that 40 percent of all traffic deaths involve speeding. There is also a potentially controversial future use: “Since the system is so portable, it would be easy to make it a requirement for teenage drivers to always use a speed alert device when driving,” Paine said. “The system even has the capability to record speeding violations, so parents can monitor their teenage drivers.”

　　The product will soon go on sale in Sydney.

　　48. What’s the purpose of the new product?

　　A. To inform us of the new car system.

　　B. To introduce some improvement in cars.

　　C. To limit certain drivers to safe driving.

　　D. To popularize the built-in car system.

　　49. The second paragraph mainly talks about

　　.

　　A. the project of the built-in product

　　B. why the system becomes popular

　　C. the functions of GPS in cars

　　D. how the product is programmed

　　50. Which of the following is true of Speed Alert according to Michael Paine?

　　A. Most of the traffic deaths can be avoided.

　　B. Speeding violations can be easily found out.

　　C. The system will excite some teenage drivers. D. The product will not be available for adults.

　　51. What can be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Speed Alert and Its Future Use.

　　B. Progress in Car-making Science.

　　C. Warning for Adventurous Drivers.

　　D. New In-Car Device against Speeding.

　　体裁：科普文章

　　词数：265

　　难度系数：☆☆☆

　　建议用时：7分钟

　　类别：推理判断题+主旨大意题+词义猜测题+细节理解题

　　本文标题： …An alert device against speeding…

　　【文章大意】：文章主要 向人们讲述了一种现代科学技术下的汽车超速提示系统。

　　48.【考点分析】推理判断题。

　　【参考答案】C。

　　【解题思路】 文中第一段提到这个系统能够帮助驾驶员降低速度减少收到罚单的几率并能够保证司机的驾驶安全。根据这些分析我们可以发现C项正确。其余几项说明的不是这个新产品的目的。而是这个文章的目的。

　　49.【考点分析】主旨大意题。

　　【参考答案】D。

　　【解题思路】 通读第二段我们可知该段主要讲述了这种产品的运行程序。

　　50.【考点分析】细节理解题。

　　【参考答案】B。

　　【解题思路】文章最后一段提到的Michael Paine 的看法。A项的说法是错误的。C项没有根据，文中仅提到了这个产品对Teenagers 的限制。D 项说法错误。故文中提到teenagers 的超速驾驶将会被记录下来，B项正确。

　　51.【考点分析】主旨大意题。

　　【参考答案】D。

　　【解题思路】本文介绍限制汽车超速的装置，因此选D。A项指代不清，没有明确指出是汽车。B、C项过于片面。