2017届湖北省黄冈市高考英语阅读理解二轮精练：8（含解析）

　　湖北黄冈市2017高考英语阅读理解精练（8）及（解析）答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.

　　Important words to learn:　●EEssential ●I Improver ●A Advanced

　　pump/pʌmp/

　　▶noun[c]DEVICE 1a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place to another:　a water/bicycle/fuel pump ○ a UK petrol/US gas pump SHOE2[USUALLY PLURAL]US(UK court shoe)a type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women 3[USUALLY PLURAL]a type of flat shoe, like a BALLET dancer’s shoe, which is worn by women 4[USUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sports

　　▶verb LIQUID/GAS1[T USUALLY*ADV/PREP]to force liquid or gas to move somewhere:　Our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute. ○The new wine is pumped into storage tanks. ○The heart pumps blood through the arteries/round the body.INFORMATION2[T]INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direct:　She was pumping me for details of the new project.

　　▶idioms pump sb’s hand to SHAKE someone’s hand (=hold their hand and move it up and down, especially in order to greet them)·pump Iron INFORMAL to lift heavy weights for exercise:　These days both men and women pump iron for fitness.

　　▶phrasalverbs pump sth into sth to spend a lot of money trying to make something operate successfully:　They had been pumping money into the business for some years without seeing any results.

　　pump sth out[M]REMOVE1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump:　We took turns pumping out the boat. PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVING to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous:　The government keeps pumping out the same old propaganda. ○The car radio was pumping out music with a heavy beat.

　　pump out sth If someone’s stomach is pumped out, a poisonous substance is removed from it by being sucked through a tube:　She had to go to hospital to have her stomach pumped out.

　　pump sb up[M]INFORMAL to make someone feel more confident or excited:　He was offering them advice and trying to pump them up. ○[R]The players were pumping themselves up by singing the national anthem before the game.

　　pump sth up[M]1 to fill something with air using a pump:　Have you pumped up the balloons yet? ○I must pump the tyres up on my bike. 2INFORMAL to increase something by a large amount:　The US was able to pump up exports. ○Let’s pump up the volume a bit!

　　pump-action/ˈpʌmp. æk. ʃn/ adjective [BEFORE NOUN]describes a device which operates by forcing something, especially air, in or out of a closed space or container: a pump-action shotgun ○a pump-action toilet

　　ˈpumpˌ priming noun[U]SPECIALIZED the activity of helping a business, programme, economy, etc. to develop by giving it money:　The government is awarding small, pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting their own businesses.

　　pun/pʌn/

　　▶noun[C]a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word:　She made a couple of dreadful puns. ○This is a well-known joke based on a pun:　“What’s black and white and red(=read)all over? “ “A newspaper. “

　　▶verb[I](-nn-)to make a pun

　　punch/pʌntʃ/

　　▶noun HIT1[C]a forceful hit with a FIST(=closed hand):　She gave him a punch UK on/US in the nose. EFFECT2[U]the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people: I felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch. DRINK3[C OR U]a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices, pieces of fruit and often wine or other alcoholic drinks TOOL4[C]a piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by pushing a piece of metal through it:　a ticket punch ○Have you seen the hole punch anywhere?

　　▶verb[T]HIT1to hit someone or something with your FIST(=closed hand):　He punched him in the stomach. 2 MAINLY US to hit with your fingers the buttons on a telephone or the keys on a keyboard USE TOOL3 to make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:　I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper. ○This belt’s too big—I’ll have to punch an extra hole in it.

　　▶idioms punch sb’s lights out INFORMAL to hit someone repeatedly very hard·punch the clock US to put a card into a special machine to record the times your arrive at and leave work:　After 17 years of punching the clock, he just disappeared one morning and was never heard from again.

　　1. What does the word “pump” mean in “He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case” ?

　　A. Talk with.B. Ask for information.

　　C. Listen to.D. Provide with evidence.

　　2. When Sally says “The TV program kept pumping out commercials”, she may be　.　

　　A. excitedB. interestedC. annoyedD. worried

　　3. What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program?

　　A. Sums of money. B. Raw materials.　 C. Human resources.　 D. Media support.

　　4. When Sylvia says “His speech was OK but it had no real punch”, she thinks it was not　.　

　　A. fluent and impressiveB. logical and moving

　　C. informative and significantD. interesting and powerful

　　【参考答案】1-4 BCAD　

　　【阅读理解】科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

　　“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density (密度),” said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope (放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

　　Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

　　“People hear the word‘nuclear’and think of something very dangerous, “ he said. “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems. “

　　His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor (半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

　　“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure (晶格结构) of the solid semiconductor. “ Kwon said. “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

　　Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

　　1. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

　　A. He teaches chemistry at MU.

　　B. He developed a chemical battery.

　　C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.

　　D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

　　2. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4 　.　

　　A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied

　　B. to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used

　　C. to describe a nuclear-powered system

　　D. to introduce various energy sources

　　3. Liquid semiconductor is used to 　.　

　　A. get rid of the radioactive waste

　　B. test the power of nuclear batteries

　　C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries

　　D. reduce the damage to lattice structure

　　4. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery 　.　

　　A. uses a solid semiconductor

　　B. will soon replace the present ones

　　C. could be extremely thin

　　D. has passed the final test

　　5. The text is most probably a 　.　

　　A. science news reportB. book review

　　C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story

　　【参考答案】1--5 、CBDCA

　　阅读理解。

　　Exploit your parking space

　　An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to £200 or £300 a week. Put an advertisement（广告）for free on Let park or At my house park.

　　Rent（出租）a room

　　Spare room? Not only will a lodger（房客）earn you an income, but also, thanks to the government-backed “rent a room” program, you won’t have to pay any tax on the first £4500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.

　　Make money during special events

　　Won’t want a full-time lodger? Then rent on a short-term basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money, Grashpadder can advertise your space.

　　Live on set

　　Renting your home out as a “film set” could earn you hundreds of pounds a day, depending on the film production company and how long your home is needed. A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free—but you will be charged if your home gets picked.

　　Use your roof

　　You need the right kind of roof, but some energy companies pay the cost of fixing

　　solar equipment(around￡14,000), and let you use the energy produced for nothing. In return, they get paid for unused energy fed back into the National Grid. However, you have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier, which could prevent you from changing the roof.

　　(

　　) 1. If you earn ￡5000 from renting a room in one year, the tax you need to pay will be based on ______.

　　A. ￡800

　　B. ￡500

　　C. ￡4500

　　D.5000

　　(

　　) 2. Where can you put an advertisement to rent out a room during a big event?

　　A. On Letpark.

　　B. On Roomspare.

　　C. On Grashpadder.

　　D. On Roommateeasy.

　　(

　　) 3. If you want to use energy free, you have to_____.

　　A. sign an agreement with the government

　　B. pay around ￡14,000 for the equipment

　　C. sell the roof to some energy companies

　　D. keep the roof unchanged for within 25 years

　　(

　　) 4. For whom the text most probably written?

　　A. Lodgers.

　　B. Advertisers.

　　C. House owners.

　　D. Online companies

　　【参考答案】1---4、BCDC

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Decision- making under Stress

　　A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.

　　The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.

　　“Stress affects how people learn, ”says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”

　　For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.

　　This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.

　　The research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.

　　Men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk- taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.

　　This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.

　　1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to　.　

　　A. keep rewards better in their memory

　　B. recall consequences more effortlessly

　　C. make risky decisions more frequently

　　D. learn a subject more effectively

　　2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their　.　

　　A. ways of making choices　B. preference for pleasure　

　　C. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions

　　3. The research has proved that in a stressful situation,　.　

　　A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits

　　B. men have a greater tendency to slow down

　　C. women focus more on outcomes

　　D. men are more likely to take risks

　　【参考答案】　1—3、AAD