2017届湖北省黄冈市高考英语阅读理解二轮精练：13（含解析）

　　湖北黄冈市2017高考英语阅读理解二轮精练（13）及（解析）答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮), scientists now find.

　　Their calculation suggests that across the globe the waterways contribute three times the amount of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere as had been estimated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations scientific body charged with reviewing climate change research. They found that the amount of nitrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen (氮) into the environment, such as fertilizer use and sewage discharges.

　　“Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion and intensive agriculture, have increased the availability of nitrogen in the environment,” said Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio, and lead author of the paper published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　“Much of this nitrogen is transported into river and stream networks,” Beaulieu said. There, microbes (微生物) convert the nitrogen into nitrous oxide (also called laughing gas) and an inert gas called dinitrogen (二氮).

　　The finding is important, the researchers say, because nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and destruction of the stratosphere’s ozone layer, which protects us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation. Compared with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide is 300-fold more powerful in terms of its warming potential, though carbon dioxide is a far more common greenhouse gas. Scientists estimate nitrous oxide accounts for about 6 percent of human-induced climate change.

　　Beaulieu and colleagues measured nitrous oxide production rates in 72 streams. When summed across the globe, the results showed rivers and streams are the source of at least 10 percent of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere.

　　“Changes in agricultural and land-use practices that result in less nitrogen being delivered to streams would reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks,” Beaulieu said.

　　1. From the second paragraph we can learn　.

　　A. actually rivers give off much more nitrous oxide than expected

　　B. scientists’ calculation is totally wrong

　　C. human activities release nitrous oxide in to the rivers

　　D. there is no nitrogen in fertilizer

　　2. Which of the following is NOT the source of nitrogen?

　　A. Fertilizer use.

　　B. Sewage discharges.

　　C. Fossil fuel combustion.

　　D. Climate change.

　　3. Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas because　.

　　A. it can protect us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation

　　B. it is to blame for most of human-induced climate change

　　C. it is a far more common greenhouse gas

　　D. it has much more warming potential than carbon dioxide

　　4. What does the passage mainly tells us?

　　A. Rivers may be a source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide.

　　B. It’s human activities that release nitrogen into the environment.

　　C. How to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks

　　D What to do with the climate change caused by nitrous oxide.

　　【参考答案】1—4、ADDA

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.

　　Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away—or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.

　　Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying:　a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The“e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.

　　The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.

　　To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch(打孔器).

　　The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, peper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage—by insects or with a hole punch—had been done to the tomato leaves.

　　With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.

　　1. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by　.　

　　A. making some soundsB. waving their leaves

　　C. producing some chemicals　 D. sending out electronic signals

　　2. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?

　　A. They presented it with all common crops.

　　B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.

　　C. They collected different damaged leaves.

　　D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.

　　3. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can　.　

　　A. pick out ripe fruits

　　B. spot the insects quickly

　　C. distinguish different damages to the leaves

　　D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves

　　4. We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose　.　

　　A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers

　　B. is not yet used in greenhouses

　　C. is designed by scientists at Purdue

　　D. is helpful in killing harmful insects

　　【参考答案】1—4、CDCB

　　2016高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。When Luca first heard of the Island of Inventions, he was still very young. But its wonders sounded so incredible that they were forever burned in his memory. From that moment, he never stopped searching for clues which might lead him to the island. He read hundreds of adventure books, histories, volumes of physics and chemistry, even music.

　　Over time, he pieced together his idea of what the Island of Inventions was like. It was a secret place, where all the great wise men of the world would meet to learn and invent together. Access to the island was totally restricted. To join, you had to have created some great invention for humanity. Only then could you receive the special invitation — which came with directions to the island.

　　So Luca spent his youth studying and inventing. Every new idea he got, he made it into an invention, and if there were something he didn't understand, he’d seek others to help him. Soon he met other young inventors and he told them about the Island of Inventions. They too dreamed of one day receiving an invitation letter.

　　As years passed, the disappointment of not receiving their invitation made Luca and his friends work harder and co-operate more. They would meet in Luca's house, share their ideas and build new machines. Their inventions became known throughout the world, and improved the lives of millions.

　　But still, no invitation came.

　　They didn’t lose heart. They continued learning and inventing every day, trying to come up with more and better ideas. Fresh young talent joined their group, as more inventors dreamed of getting to the island.

　　One day many years later, Luca, already very old, was speaking with a brilliant young man named Roberts, who had written to him, asking him to join the group. Luca started telling the man of the wonderful Island of Inventions, and of how he was sure that some day they would receive an invitation. Surprised, the young inventor interrupted: “You mean this place isn’t the Island of Inventions? Isn't the letter you sent me the real invitation?”

　　It was only then that Luca realised that his dream had become true in his very own house. No island could exist which would be better than where he was now. No place of invention would be better than what he and his friends had created. Luca felt happy to know that he had always been on the island, and that his life of invention and study had been a truly happy one.

　　1. Why did Luca and his colleagues probably never receive an invitation to the island?

　　A. Their ideas were not considered worthy enough.

　　B. They were too concerned with acquiring fame.

　　C. The organization had already broken up.

　　D. The island was not a real place.

　　2. What did Luca learn at the end of the story?

　　A. The island of inventions did not exist.

　　B. He had wasted most of his life.

　　C. He had unknowingly built his own dreamland.

　　D. He finally would receive his invitation.

　　3. Which of the following best describes Luca?

　　A. Aggressive.

　　B. Trusting.

　　C. Creative.

　　D. Easy-going.

　　参考答案1—3、DCC

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels, but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that float.

　　An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—virtually uninhabitable by 2100, the UN’s climate change panel has warned.

　　President Mohamed Nasheed has vowed a fight for survival, and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study proposals for a floating structure that could support a conference centre, homes and an 18-hole golf course.

　　“It is still early stages and we are awaiting a report on the practicality,” a government official who declined to be named said.

　　The company, Dutch Docklands, is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai. There was no immediate comment from the firm but its website said it undertook projects that make “land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”.

　　The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there to ease congestion. The city, which has a population of 100,000, is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall, and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to combat climate change.

　　Nasheed, who staged the world’s first underwater cabinet meeting in October to highlight his people’s serious and difficult situation, has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completed covered.

　　He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral” by 2020. His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks.

　　1. Why do you think Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands?

　　A. Because it has experience in building floating structure.

　　B. Because it has a good fame throughout the world.

　　C. Because it charged much less than other companies.

　　D. Because it supports building floating structures in the world.

　　2. The Hulhumale was built with the purpose of　.

　　A. attracting more visitors

　　B. making it a new capital

　　C. making the capital less crowded

　　D. fighting against climate change

　　3. According to the last two paragraphs, Nasheed is a person who　.

　　A. has succeeded in buying land abroad

　　B. is more than well-known

　　C. has thought more for his nation

　　D. has stopped using fossil fuel

　　4. The underlined word “vowed” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by　.

　　A. ended B. promised C. failed D. weighed

　　【参考答案】1—4、ACCB