2017届高考英语牛津版一轮复习语法考点专练课件：8 介词和动词词组

　　Please turn over this page.翻过 The car struck the wall and turned over.撞翻,翻倒

　　He turned over in bed.翻身,翻转

　　(5)The missing boy turned up.出现

　　(6)Turn to the dictionary if you can't spell the word.查(字典) If you have some questions,you can turn to your teachers for help.求助于 (7)Mozart's music always turns me on.使感兴趣

　　(8)She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood.转身不看 Because the hall was full,many people were turned away.撵走 (9)turn a blind eye to/on视而不见;turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻;turn about向后转; turn against反对,背叛;turn back返回,折回,使往回走;by turns轮流;in turn一个挨 一个地,反过来;take turns轮流(做某事) 44.take

　　(1)The assistant did not take her seriously and advised her to buy two bottles of very expensive wine.认真对待

　　(2)He led the ships down the river to a place where the British army could land safely and take the enemy by surprise.突然袭击

　　(3)I won't take up much of your time.占去(时间) The table takes up too much room.占去,占据(空间) When he left school he took up journalism.从事某项活动,发展某种爱好

　　The teacher took up the lesson where he left off yesterday.继续讲述 (4)People should be ready to go to prison for their beliefs,but they should never take up arms to fight.拿起武器

　　(5)When you return to the office the following morning or after the holiday,you can listen to the messages and take any necessary action.采取行动

　　(6)Jean took advantage of the lunch hour to finish her homework.利用 (7)I take back what I said.收回 (8)Take it easy.The roads are icy.不要着急 (9)He is taking over my job while I am on holiday.接替,接管 (10)He seemed to take great pride in his work.对……感到骄傲 (11)She had taken the trouble to buy the books for me.费力,不怕麻烦 (12)I'll take on the work,but I can't tell you exactly when I'll finish it.从事 The Great Wall has taken on a new look since the liberation.呈现 Is the supermarket taking on any more assistants?雇用 45.work out We must work out a plan as quickly as we can.制定,拟定,定出

　　Have you worked out this problem yet?算出,估计出

　　I can't work out the meaning of the poem.理解,弄懂,看出

　　This map is wrong;I can't work out where we are.判断,说出,看出

　　Things will work out if you will just be patient.得到圆满解决,(进行)情况良好 If the traffic plan works out,it will be used in other cities too.进展情况良好

　　Things have worked out badly.(情况等)发展,进行 (1)They covered 12 miles yesterday.走完(一段路程) How many pages have you covered?看完(多少页书) The city covered ten square miles.有(多大面积) The professor's talk covered the subject.谈到,涉及

　　The best reporters were sent to cover the 27th Olympic Games.报道 (2)The mountain was covered with snow all the year round.覆盖着……

　　13.cut

　　(1)cut off切断,切下来;cut out戒掉,不吃;cut in插嘴;cut up切碎;a short cut捷径 (2)They want to cut down a large forest in this area.砍掉 George is trying to cut his weight down.削减,减少 12.cover (3)The army was called in to cut through the fallen trees on the road.开辟(出路或 通道) 14.deal I'd rather deal with a man than a woman.Women are sharp.和……打交道

　　I'm used to dealing with matters of this sort.处理 This book deals with questions on politics.论述,谈论 What shop do you deal with?和……做买卖 15.die (1)As a result,many Westerners die at an early age of heart disease. die of死于……(指疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因)

　　die of illness/a fever/hunger/sadness

　　die from死于……(除疾病或情感以外的原因)

　　die from an accident/the polluted air/a bad habit (2)Ronny's steps had died away/down,and there was a moment of silence.(指 风、声、光)消逝

　　The wind has died away/down again.平息

　　(3)This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.灭绝,不 复存在 (4)I'm dying for something to eat.(=have a strong desire for sth.)极想,渴望 16.do (1)—I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English. —No,you're doing fine.(工作、学习、生活、生长等)情况(好)

　　I'm happy in my work in the garden.I'm doing well. Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday?行,够,合适,可以,凑合 Please do up these books and post them for Mr.Smith.包,扎,系,捆

　　(2)Let's do up this room first.整理,收拾 Mary has done herself up for the party.梳妆打扮

　　(3)They tried to do away with slavery.废除 (4)do one's hair做头发;do the room打扫房间;do wrong to sb.使某人受委屈;do business做生意,做买卖;do right做得好;do wrong做错事,做坏事

　　(5)have something/nothing/anything/a lot to do with 与……有些/没有/有什么/有 很大关系 (1)Even if none of these is true for us today,it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability.以……告终 We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee.以……而结束

　　(2)If you drive your car like that,you'll end up in hospital.最后(有某种结局),最 后(成了) The politician finally ended up his speech.结束 (3)The match ended in a win for us.以……告终,结果……

　　(4)It rained for three days on end.(=continuously)连续地

　　(5)We must put an end to this foolish behavior.结束,制止

　　(6)The meeting came to an end at last.结束 17.end (1)We can't afford to fall behind our competitors in using the new technology.落 后 (2)She has fallen in love with him/the dress.爱上,喜欢上 (3)Where does the plan fall down?(=fail or to be ineffective)失败,不起作用 (4)This topic falls naturally into three sections.(=be divided into)被分成 (5)I am quite happy to fall in with you/your suggestions.(=agree with or to)赞同 19.fix (1)fix(on)a time for sth.约定时间干某事

　　Let's fix a time for discussion. They've fixed the time and date for the party. (2)fix one's eyes on/upon注视 18.fall

　　He fixed his eyes on the clock. (3)fix one's attention on注意

　　(4)fix做(饭),沏(茶),修理,整理

　　fix supper/fix tea/fix the broken machine 20.follow You should follow the rules of the lab when you're doing experiments.遵循,听从, 依照……行事

　　The child follows her mother about all day long.跟随

　　Follow this road until you get to the church.沿着……(走) May follows April.接着发生,跟着到来

　　Do you follow what I'm saying?听懂,理解 21.get (1)The operator finally got me through.给……接通电话

　　He has got through $1,000 in less than a year.用完 John has got through the examination.通过 I'll be with you as soon as I get through this work.做完 (2)The story has got round—everybody knows about it.消息传开 (3)My work is getting along better now.进展,进行 (4)She didn't get away until nine last night.走开,离开 (5)Now he was dead,and I could not get away from my sadness.摆脱 (6)He got down and began to pray.跪下,弯腰 (7)Don't you think it's time we got down to business?开始认真做某事 (8)At what time do you get off(from) work?下(班) (9)He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now.克服,摆脱(某种情 绪) 22.give (1)He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.送给,分发 They suspected(怀疑)that the secret had been given away by one of their friends. 泄露(机密) (2)I hope the holiday will give him back his good spirits.恢复健康(精神) (3)He has given in to my views.向……让步,投降

　　(4)The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.散发出 (5)He gave his life to the study of art.把生命献给……

　　(6)Please give my regards/greetings/love/wishes/thanks to Miss Smith.代……向 ……问好(表示喜欢、祝愿、谢意) (7)The teacher gave out the examination papers.分发 It was given out that the Prime Minister had died suddenly.宣布

　　The cowboy gave out a yell.发出(声音) After two days our food gave out,and we had to return to the camp.用完

　　The swimmer gave out after ten laps.(人)体力不支 (8)Billy kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally gave way.妥协,屈从

　　(9)I've given up smoking.放弃,中止 (1)But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.违背 (2)—How is everything going? —Things are going very well.进行,进展

　　The engine went beautifully.运转 How does the old saying go?说 The black hair was going grey.变得 That is to say,the doctor's been gone for two hours and thirteen minutes.不在,走 了 (3)Go ahead;we're all listening.开始(做某事) Work is going ahead.进行,进展

　　23.go —May I start? —Yes,go ahead.表“同意” (4)News of the plane crash went around like wildlife.传开 (5)Time went by quickly.过去,经过

　　(6)Shares have gone down again by ten points.(价格等)下跌,(温度等)下降

　　(7)She had no time to go deeply into the matter just then.调查,了解,研究

　　(8)What is going on out there?发生,(活动)进行 (9)Why not buy some English tapes and some books to go with them?相配,和… …交朋友

　　(10)When smokers who are used to nicotine go without it for an hour or two,they begin to feel bad.不吃,不用

　　(11)Let me have a go at fixing it.试一试

　　(12)My family goes back to 300 years ago,while his family goes back to the 15th century.追溯到 He always likes to go back to his younger days.回顾 (13)Go over your work before you hand it in.仔细检查,反复研究,仔细琢磨 (14)He doesn't go in for team games.对某事有兴趣,爱好 24.hand (1)When he writes,he always keeps a dictionary at hand.在手边,在跟前

　　The examinations are at hand.就要到来了,不远了

　　(2)My shoes were made by hand.手工的

　　(3)Could you give me a hand with this parcel?帮一下忙 (4)This custom has been handed down since the 18th century.传下来,传给

　　(5)The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.发给,散发 (6)The thief was handed over to the police.移交 (7)on the one hand...on the other(=on the other hand)... 一方面……另一方面… … (8)hand in上交 25.hold (1)She held back,not knowing what to do or say.犹豫不决 (2)Don't hold anything back;you must tell me everything.隐瞒,不公布 If they hadn't held him back,he would have beaten you.阻碍,阻止

　　(3)I made my choice and I will hold on to the end.坚持(下去) You should hold on to your oil share.不送或不卖(某物) (4)He asked me to hold on while he left the telephone to find a pencil.别挂(电话) (5)Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty?坚持(抵抗),顶住(压力) (6)The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question.举起 A lot of cars were held up in the accident.使耽搁,使停顿 (7)hold office任职;hold one's position担任某个职位 (8)hold:keep sb./sth.in a particular manner or position使某人或某物处于某种状 态或位置 Please hold yourself still while I take your photograph.保持不动

　　He held a cigarette between his lips.叼着 (9)They held their heads up and walked into the hall.趾高气扬     26.keep (1)Will this meat keep fresh until tomorrow?保持 (2)He keeps away from liquor and tobacco.不沾,避开,不接近

　　(3)The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.保持 一定距离

　　(4)He may be telling the truth but he is keeping something back.隐瞒(不讲) Finally,he did not give her the right change,but kept back five pounds.扣留 (5)You have to be home by 11 o'clock.Keep that in mind,Bob.记在心里

　　(6)Keep off the grass.勿踩,勿踏 I hope the rain keeps off.(雨、雪)暂时停止 (7)He didn't stop running.He just kept on.继续(干),坚持(干) Keep on until you reach the traffic lights.继续前进 (8)They have shut the door and meant to keep us out.不要进来 (9)You should keep out of these things.不牵涉进去 (10)I hope such fine weather will keep up.继续(下去),持续(下去) We've kept up our friendship for over twenty years.保持 The good news keeps up our spirits.保持 (11)I can't keep up with all the changes.(与……)齐步前进,并驾齐驱,跟上 27.look (1)As I look back upon those years,I am struck by Annie's wisdom.回顾,回想

　　(2)I've been looking into this matter this afternoon.调查 (3)Two men were fighting.The rest were looking on.旁观 (4)When you're eating fish,look out for bones.当心,小心

　　We've been looking out for a new house,but the ones we've seen are all too ex- pensive.留心找 (5)Look up the word in the dictionary.查寻,查找

　　I want to look my uncle up sometime.看望,拜访 (6)She looked through her notes before the examination.浏览 28.make (1)make good use of/make full use of充分利用

　　We should make good/full use of water to produce electricity. (2)He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points.提出政治观点

　　(3)Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet.使收支相抵

　　(4)After years as an unsuccessful businessman,he's finally made it.成功 (5)Can you make out what that object is on the other side of the valley?弄清楚,看 出

　　It isn't difficult to make out his ideas.理解,明白

　　(6)The explanation in the schoolbook makes no sense,because the words are hard. 讲不通,没意义,不能被理解 Can you make sense of what he says?理解 (7)We must make the most of the fine weather.充分利用 (8)The teacher asked the children to make up a story about a trip to the moon.编 造

　　The actors were making up when we arrived.打扮

　　(9)Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick by studying very hard.弥补

　　(10)The team is made up of nine players.由……组成 (11)Is that the right time?I made it later.估计

　　He's making three hundred dollars a week.赚得,赢得 He'll make a good lawyer.(有条件)成为

　　I think I could make it 8:30 if that's all right for you.定在(某时间) 29.mean

　　(1)Smoke usually means fire.意味着

　　Your friendship means a great deal to me.有意义,有价值 But I don't believe he means any harm.有……意图

　　(2)His parents meant him for a teacher.准备让……干某工作 This picture is meant for me.打算给(谁) This room was meant for the workers' reading room.打算(做什么用) (3)What do you mean by coming here this morning?你……是什么意思? 30.meet (1)It takes 80 years for Mediterranean water to be changed with Atlantic water,as there is one narrow entrance where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic.与…… 汇合 The house stands where three roads meet.汇合 In order to meet his expenses,he had to do extra work at night.满足 To join the army,one must meet certain physical standards.符合(要求) A policeman could meet danger any minute of his working day.碰到,遭到

　　(2)In the woods,he met with two strangers.遇见,碰到 31.operate (1)The lift was not operating properly.(机器)开动,(工厂)开工

　　The medicine operated quickly.起作用 The company operates two factories.管理(工厂) (2)He operated on the baby's throat and saved its life.给……动手术 32.pay (1)Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.参观

　　(2)It's high time he paid me back the $100 he owes me.偿还

　　(3)How much did you pay for the book?为……而付款

　　(4)I'll pay off my debt with this check.还清 Did your plan pay off?成功 (5)It pays to invest in protective clothing.收益,得到好处 33.pick (1)She picked up the little book and gave it to him.拾起 He has picked up some bad habits in that club.沾染 He picked up Chinese while he was staying in Beijing.(非正式)学到

　　Pick me up at the hotel.接(人) This room must be picked up before the guests arrive.整理,收拾 The class picked up the story where they had left it.继续讲(故事等) We picked up the radio signals on our receiver.接收

　　The weather may pick up.好转 His spirits picked up.(精神)振奋 (2)Have you picked out the movie you want to see?挑选 Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?认出 34.put (1)John puts ten dollars aside every week.存储,留下 He put aside his textbooks when he left school and never reopened them.放下,放 在一边 Put aside all that has happened and try to start again.搁在一边,不予考虑

　　(2)Put your books away.收起来

　　(3)Put the dictionary back on the shelf.放回原处

　　The meeting has been put back until next week.(=put off)推迟 Put the clock back by five minutes.拨慢 (4)Put the clock forward by five minutes.拨快 Are you serious about putting forward such a view?提出

　　(5)He put out the lamp and went out.使熄灭,扑灭 The company puts out 13 new machines every month.生产,出版

　　(6)put into effect执行,实现;put into force使生效;put into practice实施,付诸实施; put on weight增加体重;put one's heart into全心全意干某事;put sb.through接通 电话;put to bed安顿某人睡觉;put to use加以利用;put up with忍受,容忍

　　(7)I just didn't wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.给某人添 麻烦 35.refer If you don't know how to pronounce the word,refer to the dictionary.查阅,参阅 He referred to the matter once or twice.提到,谈到

　　The man referred to in the talk is one of my friends.被提到 What I have to say refers to all of you.涉及 The lady was referring to Mike when she spoke of a bright boy.指的是

　　He referred his success to his good teacher.归功于 36.run (1)The buses run until after twelve.(车辆等)行驶

　　Will the color in this dress run if I wash it?褪色 The machine ran continuously for eight days.运转 The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket.流 For several miles the road runs across a plain.(道路等)延伸,延续

　　They run most of the stores here.管理,经营

　　The chairman ran the meeting well.主持 (2)He is running for governor.竞选

　　(3)If you run after two hares,you will catch neither.追赶 (4)She hit the child and ran away.走掉,跑掉

　　(5)All our supply of food has run out.被用完

　　(6)We ran out of coal,and had to burn wood.用完

　　(7)I ran over a rabbit this morning.(车辆)撞倒并碾过

　　(8)Run through this article and tell me what you think of it.匆忙看一遍 37.see to (1)I've got a lot of things to see to.处理 Who is to see to the organization of the next meeting?负责 If I see to getting the car out,will you see to closing the windows? Will you see to that customer,please?照顾 (2)Please see to it that the lights are turned off.(=make sure/ensure that)确保 38.send (1)We've just sent her to sleep.使进入梦乡

　　(2)My sister sends you greetings and asks when you will be in London.致,送

　　That noise will send me mad.(跟复合结构)使变得

　　The explosion sent things flying in all directions.(跟带分词的复合结构)使得… …

　　(3)They have sent up several spaceships this year.发射 (4)send for a taxi/an ambulance/a doctor找计程车/叫救护车/请医生来 39.set (1)We set about clearing(set out to clear) up the mess.开始做或处理,着手 (2)You'd better set aside some money for special use.(为了某种目的)留出,拨出, 节省 Set aside my wishes in this matter.对……不予考虑 (3)We will set off(out)for Africa tomorrow.动身,出发 (4)Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.引爆

　　(5)Let's set up the tent first and build the fire later.竖起来,立起来,支起来

　　He set up a new record.创造

　　(6)The film was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.以…… 为背景,故事发生在 40.show (1)He told the BBC that he wanted 17 hours of nonstop TV time so that both con- certs could be shown on television.播出,展出,放映

　　Tickets,please.Show your tickets.把……拿给人看

　　(2)Come along.I'll show you to your room myself.带某人到某处

　　(3)My cousin is visiting us next week,and I have promised to show him around New York.领某人到处看看

　　(4)Most small children show off in front of visitors.炫耀 41.stand (1)The letters “UK” stand for “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.代表

　　(2)I can't stand the hot weather.忍受 (3)You should learn to stand on your own two feet.依靠自己,自主

　　(4)stand out显得突出,显眼,引人注目;stand by袖手旁观,支持,站在……一边 42.strike (1)On Friday 16th October,1987,a hurricane struck the southeast of England.侵袭

　　The boy struck the man with a stick.打 A stone struck me on the head.打中,击中

　　I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.擦燃(火柴) An idea suddenly struck me.(某种想法)忽然出现,忽然想起

　　I left immediately the clock struck twelve.(钟)敲响 (2)He was struck by her beauty.给人深刻印象

　　(3)They are striking for higher pay.(=They are on strike for higher pay.)罢工 43.turn (1)He was poor but proud and turned down every offer of help.拒绝接受 (2)The campers usually turned in as soon as it got dark.上床睡觉 The teachers have to turn in the reports at the end of the school year.上交

　　(3)The examination turned out(to be) easy.结果是,最后情况是

　　(4)Bob turns over most of the money he earns to his mother.移交,交给 高频考点一　介词词义辨析 at,against,besides,by,beyond,for,in,on,over,with等都是常考的介词。高考不但 要考查它们的基本意义,还会考查它们的引申义和在具体语境中的灵活运 用。要求考生在日常学习中在掌握它们基本意义的基础上,通过大量实际例 句去体会、熟悉它们的引申义并灵活运用。 典例1    (2017江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life     his great wealth. 考点清单  答案　despite  解析　句意:令人难以置信的是,尽管很富有,Lucas先生却过着简朴的生活。 despite尽管。   高频考点二　介词短语的固定搭配 介词能与一些不同的词语搭配,形成介词短语:(1)介词+名词:on the contrary,in turn,in one's opinion,on time,out of reach等;(2)动词+介词:result in,result from, lead to,remind sb.of,call at,make fun of等;(3)形容词+介词:be curious about,be proud of,be popular with,be good at等;(4)其他介词短语:in addition to,apart from,because of,due to,thanks to,instead of,for fear of,in case of,according to,in return for,in exchange for,as a result of,in charge of等。 典例2    (2015浙江,17)These comments came in response     specific ques- tions often asked by local newsmen.  答案　to  解析　句意:对于当地资讯记者常常问起的特定问题,这些评论正好作出了 回复。in response to作为对……的回应。   高频考点三　后面能跟宾语的动词词组 该类动词词组往往相当于一个及物动词。该类词组常考的有:add up to,add to, break in/into,bring up,call off,carry out,find out,give away,point out,put off,put out,put up,pick up,take off,take in,take on,turn up,work out,get away from,get down to,live up to,look forward to,run out of,put up with,come up with,hold on to, make room for,take advantage of,take notice of,take care of等。 典例3    (2015天津,10)Tom had to turn     the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.  答案　down  解析　句意:因为太忙了,上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会的邀请。turn

　　down(=refuse)拒绝。   高频考点四　后面不能跟宾语的动词词组 该类动词词组往往相当于一个不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语。常见的有“动 词+副词”搭配构成的动词词组,这类副词有:away,along,back,down,in,off,on, out,up等;“动词+名词”构成的动词词组:make sense,lose courage,lose heart, take action,take measures,take place,take charge等。 典例4    (2017安徽,29)When the sports hero turned    at our party,he was welcomed with open arms.  答案　up  解析　句意:当这位体育健将出现在我们的聚会上时,他受到了大家的热烈 欢迎。turn up到场,出现。   知识清单一　介词 一、方位介词 1.图解方位介词         The flag is beyond themountain.It is beyond my reach/not within my reach. 知识清单 如: Be careful. There is a heavy box over your head. 小心,你头上方有个很重的箱子。 The sun is above mountain in the east. 太阳就在东方,那座山的上方。 There are some stamps on the desk. 桌子上有一些邮票。 The position he pointed to was below sea level. 他所指的那个位置低于海平面。 The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it. 那只小老鼠在桌子底下,因此很不容易找到它。 The burglar got in through the window. 盗贼是从窗户进来的。 The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square. 这群人经过市政厅走到了中心广场。 It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen. 我难以想象为什么能允许这样的事情发生。 2.at,in,on 三个词均可和表示地点的词连用,表示“在……处”。at用于指较小的地方, 如在门牌号码前;in用于指较大的地方;on一般指与面或线接触的地方。如: We'll meet each other at the park.我们将在公园见面。 Mr.White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years. 怀特先生在香港生活了20年。 There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 3.in,on,to在方位名词前的区别 三个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内;to表示在某范围 之外;on表示“毗邻,接壤”。如: Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China.(在某范围之内) 山东省在/位于中国东部。 Jiangsu Province is/lies to the southeast of Hebei Province.(在某范围之外) 江苏省在/位于河北省东南边。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.(接壤) 蒙古在/位于中国北边。 4.among,between 二词均表示“在……中间”或“在……之间”。among指在三者或三者以上 之间,而between表示在两者之间。有时between之后也可能出现三个或三个以 上的宾语,但这时所强调的仍然是其中每两者之间的相互关系。如:

　　We'll visit the town among the mountains. 我们将游览那个群山环绕的小镇。 This secret is only between you and me. 这个秘密只限于你我知道。 Near the cemetery between the trees,there is something that shines.在墓地附近, 树中间,有闪闪发亮的东西。 二词均表示来源或出处。from注重起点,意为“从……”;out of侧重于从里向 外,意为“从……里出来”。如: The shouting of the soldiers' drilling could be heard from the playground. 人们可以听到从操场上传来的士兵们操练的声音。 She took the passport out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman. 她从手提包里拿出了护照让那名警察看了看。 We are moving out of our flat. 我们要搬出我们的这所公寓。 The train from London arrives here at nine o'clock. 从伦敦开来的列车9点到这里。 5.from,out of 二词均可表示“在……上”,描写两个物体的接触情况。on侧重于表面接触, 而in侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达中常用in或on。若打击某人 的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时,用in。而打击头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿 等部位时,用on。表示植物本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等,用on the tree,但 表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”,用in the tree,意指被枝叶遮掩其 中。如: We found a square hole in the wall. 我们发现墙上有个方洞。

　　The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him. 老师轻轻拍着那名男孩子的头安慰他。 There are lots of apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。 6.in,on 二、时间介词 1.at,in,on (1)at的用法 ①表示时间点、时刻等,如:at 12:00,at noon,at night,at midnight,at dawn,at day- break ②表示较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子, 如:at Christmas (2)in的用法 ①表示在某段较长的时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月及泛指上午、下午和 傍晚等),如:in the 1980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon /evening 说明:当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,some,every等词限定时,通常不用任何 介词。 ②表示在一段时间之后,如: I'll be back in an hour. 我一小时后回来。 (3)on的用法 ①用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间,如:某日、某节日、星期几等,如:on October the first,on a rainy day,on National Day

　　②用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上,如:on the eve of victory(胜利前夕),on the morning of January the third,on the afternoon of his arrival ③准时,按时:on time 2.in,after in表时间,常表示“在……时间之内”,有时in还有“在……时间之后”的意 思,但表示此意时,必须具备两个条件:①所修饰的动词必须表将来;②后面必须 是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可,否则用after或later。 after表时间,意为“在……之后”。通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用;“af- ter+时间点”与将来时连用。如: My father will be back in three days. 我父亲将在3天以后回来。 My father will be back after 3 o'clock. 我父亲将在3点后回来。 My father came back after 3 days/3 days later. 我父亲3天后回来的。 3.for,from,since for后接表时间段的名词词组,表示行为或状态持续了多久;from后接表时间点 的名词词组,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短;since后接 表时间点的名词词组,不仅表示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状 态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻,因而常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。 如:

　　Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement. 布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,自从退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年了。 My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five. 我妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。 Tom has been doing his homework since 7 o'clock. 汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。 三、工具、手段、方式介词 1.by,in,on 三个词都表示旅行的方式。 (1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不带冠词。如:by sea,by water,by land,by air等。 (2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词须用单数,其前面不加冠词或任何修饰 语。如:by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship等。 (3)当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主 代词、指示代词等修饰语。如:travel to New York in this plane,leave on an ear- ly train,go to school on my bike等。 说明:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如:on foot,on horseback/on a horse,on the camel。 2.with,by,in 三个词均意为“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。 (1)with用于有形的工具或某些身体器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代 词等修饰。如: They are digging with a pick/spade. 他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。 We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,并用腿走。 (2)by,in,on,over,through等多用于无形的工具、方式或手段之前。如:by hand, in ink,on the telephone,over the radio,through the telescope等。 说明:①使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示,如:in English/Japanese;in blue ink ②表达“用……方法/方式”时,所用介词分别为: in this/that/the same wayby means of by this/that meanswith this/that method 四、表原因的介词短语because of,due to,thanks to 表原因的介词短语 意义 例句 because of 意为“因为,由于”,通常作状语,位于句首或句中。 The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain.由于下大雨,这次运动会将推迟到下周六。 due to 意为“由于,因为”,通常作表语。 His illness was due to smoking and drinking.他的病是由于抽烟和喝酒。 thanks to 意为“幸亏,多亏”,既可用于 褒义,又可用于贬义,多用于句 首。 Thanks to the Party's good policy,the farmers are now living a happy and rich life.多亏有党的好政策,农民们现在过着既幸福又富有的生活。 知识清单二　中学阶段的重点动词及动词词组归纳 1.add (1)If you add 5 to 5,you get 10.把……加到……上面 Five added to five is/makes 10. (2)The balloons added to the festival atmosphere.增加 (3)His whole school education added up to no more than one year.加起来总共 (4)Add up the numbers,and you will get 1155.把……加起来 2.agree (1)agree on就……达成共识 (2)agree to do sth.同意做某事 (3)agree to the plan/decision/arrangement同意 (4)I don't agree with you/what you said/your advice.同意

　　The climate here doesn't agree with me.食物、天气等适合某人

　　Your story agrees with what I have already heard.和……一致 3.break (1)I am sorry that I broke my promise.违背,违反

　　break one's word(=promise)/break the law/break the rule (2)His health broke.(身体或精神)垮了 (3)He broke away from all his old friends.断绝来往,脱离 I should break away from such habits.改掉(习惯) (4)All our plans broke down.(计划、谈判等)失败 The peace talks have broken down. Her health broke down under the pressure of work.(=became very bad)被搞垮,垮 掉

　　Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.分解

　　The telephone system has broken down.(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉 (5)The thieves planned to break into a bank.闯入,破门进入 (6)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.爆发 (7)After midnight,the party broke up.散(会) (8)I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece.分开 The crowd broke up.分开,分散 (9)broken English蹩脚英语 (10)Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the police.突破 4.bring (1)He brought about a quarrel between his parents.引起,造成 She made every effort to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem.实现 (2)Electricity lines were brought down by falling trees or branches.使倒下 bring down prices降低价格 (3)The sale brought in over $200.赚得 (4)Dirt often brings on disease.引起 The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.使成长更快,使提高 (5)Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase?讲解清楚 (6)Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma.抚养 He was so ill that he brought up everything.呕吐 (7)This brought me into touch with various kinds of workers.(和各种名词连用) 使进入某种状态 (8)Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.提出

　　They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday.提前,提早 5.call (1)The trouble calls for quick action by the government.要求 I will call for you at five o'clock.去接某人 We called for the packages at the post office.来取某物 (2)I formed the habit of calling in on him/calling in at his office in the afternoon. 顺便拜访 (3)Your father is ill.You should call in a doctor at once.找来,请来 The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.召集 (4)People don't like being called names. 骂人 (5)They've called off the game because of the thick fog.取消 (6)He called upon me to speak immediately after him.请/叫(某人做某事) (7)I called on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.号召 (8)A notice displayed in the shop window called attention to the recent increase in prices.引起……的注意 (9)call sb.up;give sb.a call;make a call(a long-distance call)打电话 (10)call sth.up使想起,使回忆起 (1)He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation.进行

　　One person should carry on where the other had left off.进行下去

　　(2)I was chosen to carry out our experiment.进行 He did not carry out his promise to us.履行 (3)The work is tough,but she is the person to carry it through(=to complete sth. successfully).顺利完成,顺利实现 7.come

　　(1)How come that you didn't get here in time?(用于引申意义)发生某情况

　　(2)He came to realize that he was mistaken.表示动作逐渐变化的过程

　　(3)My dream has come true.变成现实

　　(4)He talked about his coming trip to the United States.即将到来的

　　6.carry (5)How did the accident come about?发生 (6)I came across(came upon/ran across) this book in an old bookstore on Fourth Avenue.(无意中)碰到,发现 He came suddenly across an idea.(无意中)想到 (7)He just asked me to come (a)round for supper.到这儿来 (8)Come along/on!Arthur,we can't wait all day!快点 Come along!Someone must know the answer to my question.快说 (9)This paper comes out every Friday.出版 I think the roses will come out next week.开花,发芽 I came out first in the examination.考试结果……,考第……名

　　(10)The bill comes to $5.总计 When it comes to mathematics,I know nothing about it.谈到,涉及 (11)The robbery did not come to light until the next day.被发现,被大家知道

　　(12)The question hasn't come up yet.被提出

　　He came up with an idea.提出

　　(13)come to oneself苏醒过来;come to an end结束;come into effect(force)生效; come to a conclusion(decision)得出结论(作出决定);come into being(existence) 开始存在,建立,产生;come into power开始执政 8.care (1)I don't care what they say.I shall go on just the same.在乎,在意

　　(2)If you care to hear it,I will tell it to you.愿意

　　(3)Albert Einstein cared little for money.He was seen using a cheque for $l,500 as a bookmark.喜欢

　　Would you care for a cup of coffee?(=Would you like...?)(礼貌用语)你喜欢/要 ……吗? The mother cared for the sick child day and night.照顾,照料 (4)He cared about money.喜欢 The professor said that he was interested only in research;he didn't care about his students.关心 (5)In this way,we could give them timely medical care.医疗护理 9.catch (1)catch fire(=to start burning)着火 (2)catch one's breath缓口气,歇口气 (3)That car caught his eye/attention.引起注意 (4)The police caught him stealing a car.(=to discover suddenly and by surprise es- pecially when someone is doing something bad)撞见,突然发现 (5)That style has never caught on in China.(=become popular)流行 (6)He was caught in the rain.(=be stuck in)被困扰 Her skirt got caught in the door.(=be hooked in)被钩住 (7)I suddenly caught sight of him in the crowd.看见 10.clear (1)She made it clear that she would support Australia.清楚,明白,明确

　　(2)After the storm the sky cleared.晴朗起来

　　(3)The waitress will clear away these dishes in a moment.收走 How can we clear away these doubts?消除 (4)The weather has cleared up;we can go out.晴朗起来 You'll have to clear up the things on the table before we have tea.整理,收拾 11.compare (1)Car production rose by 25%,compared to/with the first 3 months of this year.和 ……相比 Compared to/with many women,she was indeed very fortunate. (2)Compare this with that,and you will see which is better.把……和……相比 (3)Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.把……比作……