2017届河南省南乐县高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练：4（含解析）

　　河南南乐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础训练4

　　【健康环保类—阅读理解】(2015·福建，E)

　　Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持) a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging，yet fun and empowering！Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However，studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups，it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.It’s an opportunity to be social，release endorphins(内啡肽)，and improve your strength.Additionally，group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.

　　Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.

　　Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate，then group training is an even better option for you.It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管) of a fitness instructor.If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored，you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that’ll keep your workout on track.Don’t let fitness frighten you!

　　If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle，it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.Surround yourself with people who uplift，encourage and understand you！Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class，with a friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar！Fitness can be both fun and social!

　　Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First，decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation.

　　1.The first paragraph focuses on

　　.

　　A.the greatest challenge of group exercise

　　B.the most effective way to improve physical fitness

　　C.the contribution of group exercise to psychological health

　　D.the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，研究表明，群体健身不仅对改善身体健康有益处，而且能有效的改善心理健康。

　　2.The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “

　　”.

　　A.cheerful

　　B.average

　　C.serious

　　D.temporary

　　答案　A

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据“If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track.”可以判断upbeat应该与bored的意思相反。

　　3.When it comes to emotional support，the author thinks it necessary

　　.

　　A.to sustain a colorful lifestyle

　　B.to party on weekends with positive people

　　C.to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly

　　D.to surround yourself with supportive people

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，如果你想得到相应的情绪支持，你就该让自己环绕在有积极思维的人身边。

　　4.What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A.Seeking Support

　　B.Supporting Health

　　C.Improving Your Strength

　　D.Building Up Fitness

　　答案　B

　　解析　标题归纳题。本文对群体健身的益处进行了阐述和论证，因此，群体健身也是保持健康的一种方式。对应B项。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Passage 30(Fingerprints)    The search for latent prints is done in a systematic and intelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locate traces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. The natural manner in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints.    Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. Places to search for prints on an automobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub, steering column, windshield dashboard and the like.    Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an atomizer. The whit powders used are basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemist’s gray. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragon’s blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface. Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints.    In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not overlook the possibility of two other types of fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are formed by the pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actual mold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded by photograph without treating the surface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are formed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted. Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will leave a visible impression. If these impressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed under light without ant treatment. Ordinarily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail for identification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside without first being examined carefully. 1.      What is the best title for this passage? [A]. Visible impressions.             . Moulded impressions. [C]. Fingerprints.                   [D]. Latent fingerprints. 2.      How many fingermarks are mentioned in this passage? [A]. 2.             . 3.           [C]. 4.            [D]. 5. 3.      Which type of fingerprints is most likely to retain? [A]. Latent fingerprints.                . Visible impressions. [C]. Moulded impressions.              [D]. Clear fingerprints. 4.      How many ways are there to develop fingerprints? [A]. 2.           . 3.           [C]. 4.          [D]. 5. Vocabulary 1.      latent print                      潜在指纹 2.      premise                         前提 3.      non-porous                      无孔的，不渗透的 4.      ridge                           脊，隆起部 5.      nil                             无，零 6.      premise                         房屋及其附属部件 7.      rear view mirror                  后视镜 8.      steering wheel hub                驾驶盘 9.      steering column                  转向柱 10.      windshield                      挡风玻璃 11.      dashboard                       仪表盘，挡泥板 12.      atomizer                        喷雾器 13.      talc                            滑石 14.      lampblack                       灯黑，灯烟 15.      acacia                          阿拉伯树胶，金合欢胶 16.      dragons blood                    龙血树脂，麒麟血 17.      sparingly                        少量的，节约的 18.      novice                          新手，初学者 19.      cellulose tape                    纤维带，指纹胶带 20.      lift                             提起，拿起。这里指取下指纹。 21.      molded impression                模性压痕 22.      visible impression                 可见压痕 23.      pliable                          柔韧的，柔顺的 24.      smear                           搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清 难句译注 1.      The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. [结构简析] 句子长是因为有两个定语从句：which 和who； which 修饰areas; who 修饰persons. [参考译文] 搜寻潜手印的基本前提是：要非常仔细的检查那些最可能为曾到过现场的人所触摸的地方。 2.      If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. [结构简析] 条件句，主从句中都有一个when +过去分词句型。第一个直接紧跟从句，第二个在主句的表语后面。译时根据其所在位置。 [参考译文] 假如指印在放大镜下观察时没有显露隆起部分的细节（不显露指纹纹理），那很可能，在摄影时其鉴别价值等于零。 3.      Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. [结构简析] 复合句，前面是主从句， where…it will be necessary, 从句so that 中又有一个条件句，if they …。 [参考译文] 如果发现了指印，检查人员就必须把发现的指印和有权进入房屋的人的指印作比较。如果指印证实是来自这些人的，那么作为证据价值的线索就可排除掉。 4.      A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragon’s blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface. [结构简析] 句子长，因为表语中有形容词短语similar to , 而to 的宾语又有一个省略which的定从he wishes to search.. 此外副词短语in order to … 的宾语也有一个修饰的分词短语best suited. [参考译文] 对新手来说，最好的办法就是用自己在类似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一个实验，以确定最适用于这种表面的粉末。 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇介绍在犯罪现场搜寻“（潜）指印”的文章。采用平铺直叙步步深入的写作方式。头两段先介绍经常会有“潜指印”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽车的后视镜，方向盘等。屋内光滑无孔的物体，如若接触就会留有潜指印，但粗糙物体的潜指印就没有价值，放大镜下不显现纹理的指印也无价值，就得看摄影显示决定。 接着，介绍运用白粉，黑粉轻拂扫，新鲜纤维带把潜手印取下的种种方法和步骤。 最后一段介绍了除潜手印外还有两种不能忽略的手印：模性和可见压痕及其形成和取证方法。 答案祥解 1.      C. 指印，不管哪一种。 A. 可见压痕。   B. 模性压痕。  C. 潜指印，都属于指印。所以最佳的标题应是指印。 2.      B. 三种指印，即：潜指印，模性和可见压痕。 3.      A. 潜指印。因为潜指印隐秘，又是作案人无意中留下不易为人发现和破坏。其价值性从文中第三段描写取潜指印可见一般。 B. 和C. 见第四段“一定不要忽略其它两种类型的指印痕：模性压痕和可见压痕的可能性”这说明这两种指印较少，特别是模性压痕是在相当柔软，柔韧或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在这类东西上压上一个指痕。至于可见压痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，脏土，油漆之类物品”留下。“一般来说，这种类型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污脏难分，比较之下它们对鉴定来说，没有足够细节证据。”     D. 清楚指印，没有这个专门名称。 4.      A. 两种。第三段第四句起“在显影指印时，公认的方法是用少许粉末，轻轻拂扫。如果指印在昏暗的灯光下可见，就可以摄影”，“指印轻扫后就用指纹胶带或商业专备材料把它们取下。这是一种专门设计用于取下和转移轻拂扫后的指印材料。”

　　[广告型阅读理解]----- (二)

　　CUYAHOGA COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

　　Bay Village Branch, 502 Cahoon Road, 4408716392.

　　●The Egyptian Pyramids, 7 pm Sept. 17. Join us as Don King, a longtime student of Egyptology, discusses the pyramids and presents the possible theories of the construction, design and mysteries surrounding these ancient wonders.

　　●Join us as local Bay Village resident, Tom Bell, discusses his book My Dad Is a Freak: a Memoir, 7 pm Sept. 27.

　　Fairview Park Branch, 21255 Lorain Road, 4403334700 or cuyahogalibrary.org.

　　●Dress for Success, 7 pm Sept. 17. First impressions count. Some job recruiters(招聘人员) use appearance to determine selfesteem, respect, confidence and organizational skills. Learn how to dress to emphasize your strengths and improve your employ ability. Registration required.

　　●Music Study Groups, 1：15—2：45 pm Wednesdays, Sept. 19—Nov. 28. Explore current concert music performed by The Cleveland Orchestra at Severance Hall through informal lectures and listening. Classes are designed for both new and experienced music lovers and are led by Dr Rose Breckenridge.

　　●Practical Herbs, 7 pm Oct. 3. Famous doctor Sarah Hurt will talk about growing, drying and storing herbs and how to use them. Registration required.

　　North Olmsted Branch, 27403 Lorain Road. 4407776211 or cuyahogalibrary.org.

　　●Job Club, 1：30—3：00 pm Sept. 17. Join Jim Hansen for helpful tips on resumes, job search strategies and interviewing. Anyone who is job hunting or looking to change careers is welcome.

　　●War of 1812, 7：00—8：45 pm Sept. 17. This year marks the 200th anniversary. Professor Catherine Rokicky from Cuyahoga Community College will give a presentation about the war, and immediately following we'll discuss the book Mr and Mrs Madison's War: America's First Couple and the Second War of Independence by Hugh Howard. Registration required.

　　Olmsted Falls Library, 7850 Main St., Olmsted Falls. 4402351150 or cuyahogalibrary.org.

　　●Family Storytime, 7：00—7：30 pm Wednesdays, through Nov. 27. Join us for rhymes, songs, fingerplays and a story or two. For children from birth through age 8 with their caregivers.

　　●Huntington Practice SAT Test, 10 am to 1 pm Sept. 15. Follow up, 4—5 pm Sept. 26. Get ready for college by taking a practice SAT exam. Discuss strategies to improve your score, and get tips on preparing for the real exam. Registration required.

　　●Imaginative Illustrations, 11 am to noon Sept. 29. A handson drawing program where children exercise their imagination while experiencing some basic techniques of cartooning. Grades K5. Registration required.

　　1．There are many activities for you to choose from on Sept. 17 EXCEPT ________．

　　A．listening to a speech which is about the war

　　B．attending a discussion about ancient Egyptian pyramids

　　C．attending a program about how to reduce exam anxiety

　　D．learning about how to leave a good first impression on others

　　2．If you want to study some medical knowledge, you can call ________．

　　A．4408716392

　　B．4403334700

　　C．4407776211

　　D．4402351150

　　3．If you want to learn how to educate your children, you should contact ________．

　　A．Bay Village Branch

　　B. North Olmsted Branch

　　C．Fairview Park Branch

　　D. Olmsted

　　Falls Library

　　4．In order to help yourself find a new job soon, you'd better go to ________．

　　A．Bay Village Branch and Fairview Park Branch

　　B．North Olmsted Branch and Olmsted Falls Library

　　C．Fairview Park Branch and North Olmsted Branch

　　D．Fairview Park Branch and Olmsted Falls Library

　　5．It is learned from the passage that ________．

　　A．you can study music for more than one month in Fairview Park Branch

　　B．you can get the information about the four branches on the Internet

　　C．you can choose to take part in all the mentioned events in the afternoon

　　D．both Don King and Catherine Rokicky are college professors

　　(二)

　　【要点综述】本文为广告，主要介绍一家社区公共图书馆的四个分部所举办的相关活动的时间及内容。

　　1．C　细节理解题。根据“Huntington Practice SAT Test，10 am to 1 pm Sept.15.Follow up，4—5 pm Sept.26.Get ready for college by taking a practice SAT exam.Discuss strategies to improve your score，and get tips on preparing for the real exam.”可判断学习应试技巧的时间是9月15日和26日，故选C项。

　　2．B　推理判断题。根据“Practical Herbs，7 pm Oct.3.Famous doctor Sarah Hurt will talk about growing，drying and storing herbs and how to use them.”可推断，要学习医学知识需要拨打4403334700，故选B项。

　　3．D　推理判断题。根据“Olmsted Falls Library”下面的内容可判断其活动均与孩子的教育有关，故选D项。

　　4．C　细节理解题。根据“Dress for Success，7 pm Sept.17.First impressions count.Some job recruiters(招聘人员) use appearance to determine selfesteem，respect，confidence and organizational skills.Learn how to dress to emphasize your strengths and improve your employ ability.”和“Job Club，1：30—3：00 pm Sept. 17.Join Jim Hansen for helpful tips on resumes，job search strategies and interviewing.Anyone who is job hunting or looking to change careers is welcome.”可判断其均与求职有关，故选C项。

　　5．A　细节理解题。根据“Music Study Groups，1：15—2：45 pm Wednesdays，Sept.19—Nov.28.”可判断选A项。