2017高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍专题训练：专题11 定语从句（原卷版）

　　2017年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

　　专题11 定语从句

　　考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能辨别定语从句的结构；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。

　　题型一

　　关系代词引导的定语从句

　　Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to ________ you are travelling.

　　【提分秘籍】

　　引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。

　　1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

　　I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.

　　我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。

　　2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。

　　①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?

　　你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？

　　②This is the house whose window broke last night.＝This is the house, the window of which broke last night.＝This is the house, of which the window broke last night.

　　这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。

　　3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

　　①There used to be much shade of an old tree in the middle of the yard, which gave us much cool in summer.

　　过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。

　　②We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government，will succeed.

　　我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。

　　4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。

　　(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。

　　I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

　　你给我的书我都已经读过了。

　　注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。

　　There is something that/which keeps worrying me.

　　有一件事一直令我不安。

　　(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, ...，the last修饰时。

　　This is the best film (that)I have ever seen.

　　这是我看过的最好的电影。

　　(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。

　　The only thing that matters is to find our way home.

　　唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。

　　(4)先行词既有人又有物时。

　　They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.

　　他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。

　　5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。

　　(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。

　　Our football team won the final, which made us excited.

　　我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。

　　(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。

　　The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.

　　过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。

　　题型

　　关系副词引导的定语从句

　　Greg decided to take some of my songs that I had recorded to a local radio station, ________ he explained about my illness.

　　【提分秘籍】

　　当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。

　　when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。

　　where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which；

　　why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。

　　1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　①Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.

　　现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。

　　②The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.

　　我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。

　　当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。

　　when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。

　　where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which；

　　why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。

　　1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　①Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.

　　现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。

　　②The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.

　　我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。

　　2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。

　　(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：

　　I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.

　　我不喜欢他看我的方式。

　　(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。如：

　　①This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.

　　这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。

　　②There was a time when I hated going to school.

　　曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。

　　题型

　　“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句

　　． I'm sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, ________ I must say, I apologize.

　　【提分秘籍】

　　掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：

　　1关系代词的确定

　　在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：

　　①This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.

　　这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。

　　②This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.

　　这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。

　　2介词的位置

　　介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：

　　①The house in which we live is very large.

　　＝The house (which/that) we live in is very large.

　　我们住的房子很大。

　　②This is the man from whom I learned the news.

　　＝This is the man (that/whom) I learned the news from.

　　就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。

　　注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如：

　　My youngest brother， whom I have to look after， is demanding.

　　我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。

　　3关系代词前介词的确定

　　(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：

　　The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.

　　我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)

　　The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.

　　西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)

　　(2)根据先行词来确定。如：

　　I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.

　　我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)

　　(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：

　　Air, without which man can't live, is really important.

　　空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(live without)

　　4“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构

　　此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largest＋of＋which/whom”等。如：

　　①Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.

　　问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。

　　②He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.

　　他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。

　　5“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。

　　He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.

　　他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。

　　6“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构

　　The poor man has no house in which to live.

　　＝The poor man has no house to live in.

　　＝The poor man has no house in which he can live.

　　那个穷人没房子住。

　　题型as引导的定语从句

　　Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of film ________ is bad for their mental development.

　　【提分秘籍】

　　1．as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。

　　①They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.

　　他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)

　　②These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.

　　这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)

　　③This is the same knife as I lost.

　　这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。

　　注意：such...as...与such...that...的区别

　　such...as...中的as引导的是定语从句，而such...that...中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。

　　①This is such a difficult problem as all of us can't work out.

　　这是一个我们所有人都不能解决的难题。

　　从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。

　　②This is such a difficult problem that all of us can't work it out.

　　这个问题很难，我们中无人能解决它。

　　从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。

　　2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

　　(1)位置不同

　　as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：

　　①As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control.

　　小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。

　　②Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.

　　众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。

　　③There was a bank around here as I remember.

　　我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。

　　④He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.

　　他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。

　　(2)意义不同

　　as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well known＝as is known to all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；as has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：

　　①He opposed the idea, as could be expected.

　　不出所料，他反对这个意见。

　　②Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.

　　汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。

　　(3)用法不同

　　①当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：

　　He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected)．

　　他来得很晚，这是未预料到的。

　　②当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：

　　She has been absent again, as is expected.

　　她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。

　　1.【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.

　　A. whose

　　B. why

　　C. where

　　D. which

　　2.【2016·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase theirdreams.

　　A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those

　　.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.

　　A. that

　　B. where

　　C. which

　　D. when

　　.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.

　　A. whom

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　1．(2017·北京卷)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.

　　2．(2017·福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities________they can gain experience for growth.

　　3．(2017·湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

　　4．(2017·重庆卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.

　　5．(2017·四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.

　　6．(2017·安徽卷)The exact year________Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.

　　7．(2017·陕西卷)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.　

　　8．(2017·天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________uses it differently.

　　9．(2017·山东卷)A company________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

　　10. (2017·江西卷)Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.

　　. 在空白处填上适当的内容。

　　1．I've read many stories of Lei Feng，________this is the most touching one.

　　A．who　

　　B．of which

　　C．of whom

　　D．that

　　2．Reading books，________takes the reader to other worlds，is a wonderful way to enjoy life.

　　A．that

　　B．what

　　C．as

　　D．which

　　3．This was returned because the person________this letter was addressed had died three

　　years ago.

　　A．to whom

　　B．to which

　　C．which

　　D．whom

　　4．On the second floor there are two rooms，________is used

　　as a meeting room.

　　A．the larger of which

　　B．one of them

　　C．the larger one of that

　　D．the largest of which

　　5．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

　　—Yes，there's one point________we must insist on.

　　A．why

　　B．where

　　C．how

　　D．/

　　6．Following the girl，we went into a hall，on________walls hung a few pictures of some

　　famous scientists.

　　A．its

　　B．which

　　C．whose

　　D．those

　　7．These old pictures bring to their mind the college days________they spent together，

　　________life was hard but happy。

　　A．when；whose

　　B．which；whose

　　C．which；when

　　D．when；which

　　8．Everyone will go through life's stages of ups and downs，________self­respect plays a key

　　role in the maturity of a person.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．as

　　D．that

　　9．There were several messages from people，most of________I didn't know，on my answeri

　　ng machine when I got home.

　　A．those

　　B．which

　　C．whom

　　D．them

　　10．The reason________he was late was________he had to send his grandma to a hospital.

　　A．that；why

　　B．why；because

　　C．why；that

　　D．that；because

　　11．Every summer，the beautiful town welcomes top buskers，or street performers，______

　　they're called，from all over the world.

　　A．as

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．what

　　12．Remember that there is still one point________we must make clear at the conference

　　tomorrow.

　　A．where

　　B．why

　　C．when

　　D．that

　　13．The mountain，______the peak is hardly seen，is the highest mountain in the area.

　　A．whose

　　B．which

　　C．of which

　　D．that

　　14．That e­book is no larger than an ordinary book with a screen______you can read novels.

　　A．in which

　　B．of which

　　C．that

　　D．where

　　15．MountHuangshan is such an attractive place of interest________everyone likes to visit.

　　A．as

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．what

　　.语篇语法填空(重点考查定语从句)

　　Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? You will probably say __1__ they go to learn languages, arithmetic, history, science and some other knowledge. That is quite true, __2__ why do they learn these things?

　　We send our children to school to prepare them for the time __3__ they will be big and will have to work for themselves. Nearly everything __4__ they study at school has some practical use in their life. But is that the only reason __5__ they go to school?

　　There is more in education than just learning facts. We go to school to learn how to learn, __6__ when we have left school we can continue to learn.

　　A man __7__ really knows how to learn will always be successful, __8__ when he has to do something new, he will not only be able to do it well himself, he will also be able to teach others how to do it in the best way. The person __9__ is uneducated, on the other hand, is either unable to do something new, or just does it badly. The purpose of schools, __10__， is not to teach languages, arithmetic, history, science，etc., but to teach pupils the way to learn.

　　1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

　　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

　　9．________　10.________

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　When I asked my mother­in­law to select which meals she'd like me to order from the home­delivery menu, she only chose the ones her husband would like. This goes way beyond politeness. She is actually feeling uncomfortable voicing what she wants. She developed the main symptom of Asker's Syndrome that one's unable to ask for what one wants.

　　It's not just older women who have this problem. Asker's Syndrome can strike the young. I have single friends who won't ask a man out on a date because they fear being considered “too forward”. My five­year­old daughter Violet is showing the early stages of Asker's Syndrome. She's learned that women don't ask, but rather drop hints. She'll say，“Remember last Sunday afternoon we went to the park？” rather than “Can we go to the park？”

　　Apart from women and girls' problematic relationship with appetite， food and dating, it's widely reported that women are less likely than men to ask for pay rises and promotions.

　　Instead, they withdraw， hoping that somebody else will decide they are worthy and make them promoted.

　　No doubt, many women develop Asker's Syndrome as a defensive measure because they've been labeled as pushy or rude for simply asking for what they want. But in the long term， choosing not to express our desires doesn't serve us well.

　　It's time to cure ourselves and our girls of Asker's Syndrome. I don't want to raise a future “mother” who denies her wish for food, power and success and anything else. So I now insist that my daughter ask for what she wants directly.

　　For women in our culture, asking is a skill that we need to learn and practice. And if we all do it, then women asking will become the norm rather than the exception.

　　本文作者通过事例来告诉我们Asker's Syndrome的症状是什么，并且提出自己的看法，鼓励女士们勇于发表自己的观点，说出自己真正想要的。

　　1. The author's mother­in­law is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to ________.

　　A．introduce the old lady B．set an example

　　C．talk about her illness

　　D．lead in a topic

　　2．Which is TRUE about Asker's Syndrome according to the passage?

　　A．It often causes problems with appetite and food.

　　B．Older women develop more of its symptoms.

　　C．More women suffer from it than men in their career.

　　D．It strikes only female victims as reported.

　　3．The author holds the view that ________.

　　A．others decide whether we are worthy

　　B．choosing not to ask is a protective measure

　　C．asking for what is wanted is rude

　　D．Asker's Syndrome should be cured

　　4．The passage is written to ________.

　　A．list symptoms of Asker's Syndrome

　　B．encourage women to express their desires

　　C．explain the causes of refusing to ask

　　D．suggest ways to ask for more

　　.短文改错

　　During the travel back to my hometown, in the plane, I sat next to an old lady who looked very scary. She closed her eyes tight and grasped her red bag on her lap. I thought I might be nervous, so I planned to chat with her to make her to feel relaxed. We talk a lot about our families and experiences. When the flight over, I also helped her carry her luggages. She was so grateful about my help that she gave me the big hug when we were going to leave. On our way out，we waved goodbye. She kept on turning back to see me unless we couldn't see each other any long.

　　Ⅴ.书面表达

　　寒假中，你的父母和你谈起报考大学的事儿，请你结合他们的意见和自己的想法写一篇英语短文，投稿到某中学生英语报，和大家分享你的看法。要点如下：

　　1．选择什么样的大学或专业？

　　2．选择的理由？(两点)

　　3．最后一个学期的打算？

　　注意：1.词数：不少于120词；

　　2．开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；

　　3．可适当增加情节，以使行文连贯。

　　Dear Editor，

　　I'm writing to share my ideas about my future college or major.

　　___________________________________________________________

　　Yours sincerely，

　　Li Hua