2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：26（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（26）

　　【2015高考复习】阅读理解

　　Many of us still tend to think that emotions can affect reasonablethought，and sometimes land us in trouble.But in recent

　　years psychologists have taken quite a different view.Keith Oatley，Professor of Psychology at Glasgow University，is involved in the research which shows the fundamental importance of emotions.

　　He believes we_are_very_ambivalent_about_them：we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human.For example，Mr Spock，a character in the television series Star Trek，is super­intelligent and he has no emotions at all.However，he is never made captain of the spaceship.Maybe，this is because Mr Spock is not the kind of person you can share your feelings with—a person who shows his emotions.

　　As Professor Oatley points out，our emotions have very important functions，for example，fear.If we cross the road and a car approaches，we usually stop moving or step back.We stop what we are doing，check what we have done and pay very careful attention to the environment.The emotion of fear makes us take this small series of actions which，on average，help preserve our safety.

　　On the other hand，if things are going well and small problems come up，we find we can solve them with the resources we have to hand.As a consequence，we tend to feel happy and usually continue doing the job.

　　Anger is an emotion that tends to occur when someone is preventing

　　us from doing something.Then this small “kit” of reactions enables us to

　　prepare ourselves to be quite aggressive to that person，or to try harder，and so on.

　　Professor Oatley believes emotions generally occur at these important moments in actions.With fear and anger our emotions make us decide to start

　　doing something else，while with happiness they “suggest” we continue what we are already doing.

　　【语篇解读　相关研究表明，情感对人而言至关重要，不可或缺。

　　1．What’s Keith Oatley’s opinion about emotions?

　　A．They affect reasonable thought.

　　B．They get us into trouble.

　　C．They are helpful to us.

　　D．They are reasonable.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“which shows the fundamental importance of emotions”以及第三段中的“our emotions have very important functions”可知，Oatley认为情感对我们来说是有益的。

　　答案　C

　　2．What does the underlined part “we are very ambivalent about them” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A．We have contradictory feelings towards emotions.

　　B．We have similar ideas of emotions.

　　C．We are quite clear about emotions.

　　D．We can do nothing about emotions.

　　解析　句意理解题。根据第二段中的“we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human”可知，我们认为我们的情感毫无道理，但对于我们人类来说，它是必不可少的，这足以说明我们的矛盾心理。

　　答案　A

　　3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

　　A．Fear helps us to be careful about our surroundings.

　　B．Happiness inspires us to continue what we are doing.

　　C．Anger may urge us to make greater efforts.

　　D．Anger tends to do us more harm than good.

　　解析　细节理解题。本题可用排除法。根据第三段的内容可知A项正确；根据第四段的最后一句可知B项正确；根据第五段的最后一句可知C项正确。

　　答案　D

　　4．It can be inferred from the passage that________.

　　A．we must control our emotions in daily life

　　B．emotions play a more important part than we realize

　　C．positive emotions such as love and joy are good for us

　　D．negative emotions make us continue what we are doing

　　解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可推知，积极的情感和消极的情感都发挥着比我们意识到的更重要的作用。

　　答案　B阅读理解Walk down the drinks section at the supermarket.Look in the drink cooler in your local convenience store.A new drink is taking up more and more space on the shelves，and that drink is water.Bottled water sales in the US rose to 1.7 billion gallons in 2010 for plastic bottles alone，compared to total sales of only 700 million gallons in 1990.Whereas bottled water was once associated only with the rich and the privileged (特权阶层)，it is now regularly drunk by people at all income levels despite the fact that the price of bottled water can be between 240 and 10,000 times higher per gallon than tap water.What accounts for this surprising increase in demand?

　　Traditionally，people have drunk bottled water for health reasons.The practice of “taking the waters” originated with

　　the Romans，who believed that a person developed a healthy mind by building a healthy body.Across Europe，drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with the power to cure various diseases.Health spas at Evian in France and Pellegrino in Italy began bottling water so that their consumers could continue their treatments at home.The consumers in the 21st century are also concerned about health.However，in America，where the habit of drinking bottled water is relatively new，the concern is often more related to the purity or sterilization (消毒) of the water than to its mineral contents.Americans are often worried about the effects of the chemical pollution and other contaminants on the water supply.Many Americans view bottled water as a safe alternative to tap water.

　　Further reasons for drinking bottled water are its usefulness as an aid to digestion，as a complement to a good meal in a restaurant，and for taste.City tap water is often treated with chlorine (氯) to guard against harmful micro­organisms.Chlorine，as well as metals from pipes and tanks used to distribute and store tap water，can leave behind an unpleasant taste.

　　语篇解读　本文从两个方面分析了瓶装水销量提高的原因。

　　1．Which of the following statements is true?

　　A．Bottled water was once drunk both by the rich and the poor.

　　B．Bottled water sales have risen，for it’s cheaper than tap water.

　　C．Europeans believed in the power of treatment of mineral water.

　　D．Americans have had the habit of drinking bottled water for long.

　　解析　正误判断题。由文章第二段的第三句可知，在整个欧洲，饮用或用矿泉水洗澡已经与治愈各种疾病的能力联系起来。

　　答案　C

　　2．People prefer bottled water because________.

　　A．it does good to their health

　　B．it has chlorine to make it taste good

　　C．it contains no mineral pollution at all

　　D．it’s a practice originated with the Romans

　　解析　细节理解题。由文章第二段的第一句“Traditionally，people have drunk bottled water for health reasons.”可知答案。

　　答案　A

　　3．The underlined word “contaminants” most probably means________.

　　A．pollutants

　　B．micro­organisms

　　C．chemicals D．minerals

　　解析　词义猜测题。由“the chemical pollution and other”可知画线词与pollutants同义。

　　答案　A

　　4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

　　A．How Bottled Water Originated

　　B．“Taking the Waters” Has Been Practiced for Long

　　C．What’s the Safe Alternative to Tap Water

　　D．Why Bottled Water Sales Increase

　　解析　主旨大意题。文章第一段的最后一句“What accounts for this surprising increase in demand？”是一个承上启下的句子，下面两段都在讲瓶装水销量上涨的原因。

　　答案　D

　　(2016·邯郸高三质检)Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass­market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year.

　　Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some car­choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.

　　Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold­ups. “Connected cars” — which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel — can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots.

　　Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their on­board sensors (传感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours; Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”， whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect. These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways. Traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing.

　　In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.

　　1.According to Paragraph 2, the problem of parking has resulted in ________.

　　A.more time on the road

　　B.a great waste of fuel

　　C.even heavier traffic jams

　　D.increased death and injuries

　　2.What does “a similar effect” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

　　A.Reducing traffic jams.

　　B.Building smart motorways.

　　C.Setting proper speed limits.

　　D.Keeping steady traffic flows.

　　3.What is the author's attitude towards connected cars?

　　A.Curious.B.Doubtful.

　　C.Supportive.

　　D.Disappointed.

　　4.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?

　　A.The Future of Cars: Wireless Wheels

　　B.The Future Traffic Management System

　　C.The Benefits and Problems of Cars

　　D.The Promising Future of Car Production

　　1．解析：选B　细节理解题根据第二段“In some car­choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.”可知在一些拥挤的城市里寻找停车位所耗费的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一说明停车造成大量汽油的浪费故选B2．解析：选D　词义猜测题根据本段“Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours”可知新加坡通过使用浮动的道路通行费来疏导车流英国也正在采取措施来取得类似的效果故选D3．解析：选C　观点态度题根据第四段“These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.”可知作者认为这种新的发明能创造出一种更有效的交通体制在带给人们驾车的乐趣的同时也会减少事故带来的伤痛说明作者对这项发明是支持的故选C4．解析：选A　标题归纳题根据第三段“a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency

　　to

　　hold­ups. ‘Connected cars’ — which may eventually develop into driverless cars”和第四段“Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer ...less of the pain.”可知文章主要讲的是未来的汽车而不是未来的交通管理系统故选A阅读理解For anyone who is determined to be a fashion designer，it is not enough to have succeeded in college.The real test is whether they can survive，and become established during their early 20s，making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can be as important as talent and creativity.

　　Fashion is a hard business.There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant and extremely fast speed to prepare for the next season’s collections.It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to make attractive advertisements of the latest fashion in newspapers and magazines.It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy.“We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is.” says Lydia Kemeny，Head of Fashion at St.Martin’s School of Art in London.“And we point out that drive and determination are absolutely necessary.”

　　This may seem far removed from the popular opinions of fashionable young people spending their time designing pretty dresses.That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won’t be slow in introducing students to commercial realities，“We don’t walk our foot on the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the restrictions

　　of price，producing

　　ability，marketing and so on.”

　　Almost all fashion design is done to a brief.It is not a form of self­expression as such，although there is certainly room for imagination and creativity.Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a producer or a fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer.Even those students who are most modern in their own taste of clothes may need to adapt to produce designs which are right for the mainstream of the market.They also have to be able to work at both the expensive and the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be demanding.

　　【语篇解读　成为时尚设计师并不是件容易的事。仅仅在大学校园里获取学业的成功是不够的，时尚在不断变化，商业技巧和天赋、创造性同样重要。 5．Which of the following is mainly discussed in the passage?

　　A．Talent in fashion.

　　B．Good marks at college.

　　C．Ability to create new designs.

　　D．Business skills in fashion industry.

　　解析　主旨大意题。第一段是文章的主题段，通读全文可知整篇文章介绍的是在时尚业应该掌握怎样的商业技巧才能立足。

　　答案　D

　　6．What can we learn from the second paragraph?

　　A．Fashion designers are highly motivated and really detemined.

　　B．Good preparations for the next season can reduce stress.

　　C．Consumers’ appetite for new ideas keeps changing.

　　D．Advertisement business is very competitive.

　　解析　细节理解题。从第二段中的“It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy.”可知消费者对时尚的追求是不断变化的。

　　答案　C

　　7．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A．Lydia Kemeny’s opinion.

　　B．The competitive business world.

　　C．The warning to the young designers.

　　D．The real situation in fashion industry.

　　解析　代词指代题。通过阅读第二、三段可知，This指代的是第二段讲到的内容，即时尚界的真实情况。

　　答案　D

　　8．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．St.Martin’s School of Art encourages the new students to design dresses they like.

　　B．St.Martin’s School of Art requires students to develop their creativity in their designing.

　　C．St.Martin’s School of Art demands students to make pretty dresses for companies.

　　D．St.Martin’s School of Art focuses

　　on teaching students commercial realities.

　　解析　正误判断题。根据第三段的第二句和第三句可知该校重视教学生有关商业方面的知识。

　　答案　D

　　Stressed? It is shown in recent research that walking or cycling to work calms you down (traveling by bus or train is also better than driving).

　　Walking to work reduces stress and improves brain power, researchers say. Adults who stopped driving the car and started walking or cycling became calmer and found it easier to concentrate. A study of 18,000 Britons found that going to work by train or bus improved their well­being compared with driving.

　　The study, published in the journal Preventive Medicine, also found that the longer people spent walking or cycling, the happier or less stressed they were. However, stress levels and inability to concentrate worsened if they spent more time in the car.

　　Lead researcher Adam Martin, from the University of East Anglia's Norwich Medical School, said that despite the crowds and disruption, walking to bus stops or stations and being able to relax on the journey “cheer people up”. Two thirds drive to work, 18 percent use public transport, 11 percent walk and 3 percent cycle.

　　A research earlier this year found that commuters (乘公共车辆往返者) had small but statistically significant lower scores on all measures of well­being. The worst effects were witnessed in those whose journeys last between 61 and 90 minutes. But when commuting time reaches three hours or more, the negative effects disappear, the report said.

　　“The effects of commuting on personal well­being are the greatest for anxiety and happiness, suggesting that commuting affects day­to­day emotions more than overall evaluations of satisfaction with life or the sense that daily activities are worthwhile，” the report stated.

　　Dr Daniel Newman, from Cardiff University's Sustainable Places Research Institute, said, “This report says that many of us, who spend mornings and evenings sitting in traffic jam, already know: commuting can be a chore.”

　　1.What can be learned from Paragraph 1?

　　A.Driving for long drives people crazy.

　　B.Feeling stressed can be predicted.

　　C.Walking to work helps reduce stress.

　　D.Travelling by bus makes people excited.

　　2.Walking to work is something

　　________.

　　A.preferred by most people

　　B.easier to perform in daily life

　　C.making people more creative

　　D.beneficial to the sense of happiness

　　3.What does the underlined word “chore” probably mean?

　　A.Tiresome task.

　　B.Amazing challenge.

　　C.Meaningless thing.

　　D.Financial trouble.

　　4.What type of writing is this text?

　　A.A scientific report.

　　B.A transportation guide.

　　C.A policy announcement.

　　D.A new lifestyle introduction.

　　1．解析：选C　细节理解题通读第一段可以知道步行去上班有利于缓解压力解析：选D　细节理解题第二三段的内容告诉我们：研究发现步行上班有助于提高幸福指数解析：选A　词义猜测题最后一段中提到乘公交车上下班的人们早晚都遇到交通堵塞那肯定也是一件让人感到讨厌的事情解析：选A　推理判断题根据文章多处提到的researchers say, The study以及A research可推测本文应该属于一篇科学研究报告