2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：78（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（78）

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　When Debbie Macomber decided to pursue her dream of becoming a writer，she rented a typewriter，put it on the kitchen table，and began typing each morning before the kids went to school.When the kids came home，she moved the typewriter and made them dinner.When they went to bed，she moved it back and typed some more.For two years，Debbie followed this routine.Supermom had become a struggling writer and she was loving every minute of it.

　　One night，however，her husband，said to her，“Honey，I'm sorry，but you're not bringing in any income.We can't do this anymore.We can't survive on just what I make.”

　　That night，her heart broken and her mind too busy to let her sleep.She stared at the ceiling in their darkened bedroom.Debbie knew—with all of the responsibilities of keeping up a house and looking after four kids—that working 40 hours a week would leave her no time to write.

　　Seeing her despair，her husband woke up and asked，“What's wrong？”

　　“I really think I could have made it as a writer，I really do.”

　　Wayne was silent for a long time，and then said，“All right，honey，go for it.”

　　So Debbie returned to her dream and her typewriter on the kitchen table，pounding out page after page for another two years.Her family went without vacations，pinched pennies，and wore hand－me－downs.

　　But the sacrifice and the persistence finally paid off.After five years of struggling，Debbie sold her first book.Then another.And another.Until finally，today，Debbie has published more than 100 books，three of which have been sold for movies.Over 60 million copies are in print，and she has millions of loyal fans.

　　And Wayne？All that sacrifice in support of his wife paid off handsomely.He got to retire at age 50 and now spends his time building an airplane in the basement of their 7,000 square－foot mansion.

　　Debbie's kids got a gift far more important than a few summer camps.As adults，they realize what Debbie gave them was far more important—permission and encouragement to pursue their own dreams.

　　【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了Debbie Macomber坚持不懈地追逐自己的梦想，最后取得成功的故事。

　　．Her husband asked her to give up writing because ________.

　　A．he wanted her to do more housework rather than just write

　　B．she couldn't earn any money and it was hard for

　　them to make ends meet

　　C．he wanted her to find a better－paid job that

　　interested her

　　D．he thought keeping up a house was a wife's responsibility

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知她的丈夫感到自己一个人挣钱实在难以应付家庭的开支，希望她能放弃写作，去挣钱分担家庭的负担，故B项符合题意。

　　答案　B2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Debbie spent 40 hours in writing a week before she succeeded as a writer.

　　B．Debbie's family often went out on vacations without her.

　　C．Debbie's husband gave up his own job to support her writing.

　　D．Debbie's success has brought her lots of money.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二、三段可知，Debbie作为一个职业作家获得了巨大的成功，改善了家人的生活条件，故D项符合文意。

　　答案　D．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

　　A．Wayne doesn't benefit from her wife's success

　　B．Debbie has great influence on her children's going after their dreams

　　C．Debbie's kids all realized their dreams as adults

　　D．Debbie is a failure as a mother while she is a success as a writer

　　解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Debbie支持鼓励她的孩子追求梦想，给了孩子们比野营更重要的礼物，Debbie对她的孩子追求梦想有着极大的影响，故B项正确。

　　答案　B．What's probably the best title for the passage?

　　A．Go for it

　　B．A great mother

　　C．Union is strength

　　D．Writing pays more

　　解析　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Debbie Macomber坚持不懈地追逐自己的梦想，并取得成功的故事，告诉我们要努力争取，坚持不懈。Go for it表示“努力争取”，形象地表达了文章的主旨。

　　答案　AA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It's interesting to see how people make use of the time they spend on public transport in Indian cities like Delhi and Mumbai.

　　In crowded buses and trains people manage to take a short nap and some even reach the snoring stage.Or they spread out a newspaper over multiple knees and arms to read about the latest sport results or political crisis.

　　Then there are the experienced travellers who have been playing cards with the same group over the last decade or so.They even have their specific seats so well－worn that you can make out the shape of their backsides.

　　There is no doubt about it.Travelling by public transport is being in the thick of the seasons of life－a sweaty life in summer where people，blissfully unaware of the rivers of sweat running down their brows and inside their clothes.At the first smell of a perfumed man or woman boarding the stuffy bus or train，most people feel they are reborn.

　　During the rains you can't avoid getting wet or muddied.The windows，almost always，are not a perfect fit and if you're not drenched by a sudden，heavy rain shower then you are bound to catch a jet spray of muddy water caused by a fellow motorist driving fast through a puddle.

　　The rains are a perfect time for people to switch their old umbrellas for new ones.Since there are so many that look alike，it's impossible to tell whose is whose.

　　Winter is the time when it feels good－or at least warm—to be part of a crowd.It is amazing how much the collective breaths of a hundred or so people can raise the freezing temperature inside.Looking at the masses dressed in their bright red pullovers or green coats，it's fun to imagine what faces lie beneath their dark woolen hats.

　　The cold winter passes，making way for spring.It is impossible not to see every little flower by the wayside blooming proudly.And the warm sun manages to transmit some of their pleasantness to the inside of a bus or train.

　　Now，wouldn't it be perfect if we had public transport worth the name in all our cities?

　　【语篇解读】 普通的画面，平常的生活，变化的季节，永恒的旋律，印度的公共交通工具上每天都演绎着平凡人平淡的故事。

　　1．On Indian public transport，you can always expect to see people ________.

　　A．sleeping and reading newspapers

　　B．arguing and playing games

　　C．enjoying the view and playing cards

　　D．carrying umbrellas and whispering politely

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知在印度的公共交通工具上，可以看到人们在睡觉或者在看报纸。

　　答案　A2．According to the author what will make passengers feel refreshed when travelling in summer?

　　A．The cool evening breeze.

　　B．The rain pouring over their clothes.

　　C．The joy of a game of cards.

　　D．The sweet fragrance of a new passenger.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句的内容可知，一位新乘客散发出的香味能让车上的乘客神清气爽，犹如重生。

　　答案　D．If you see people in colourful clothing and breathing heavily，you are probably travelling during the ________.

　　A．summer

　　B．rainy seasons

　　C．winter

　　D．spring

　　解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的内容可推知，当人们穿着各色衣服并且大口呼吸的时候，这里是”冬季”。

　　答案　C．We can infer from the passage that ________.

　　A．Indian people don't mind switching umbrellas with others

　　B．almost everyone in India wears perfume when they go out

　　C．the buses and trains are old and in poor conditions

　　D．Indian transport is the most crowded in the world

　　解析　推理判断题。结合第三段以及第五段中的内容可推知，公共汽车和火车都很破旧。

　　答案　C．What is the tune of language used in this passage?

　　A．Humourous.

　　B．Critical.

　　C．Frightening.

　　D．Concerned.

　　解析　推理判断题。文章生动形象地刻画了印度公共交通工具上的众生相，根据文章中的多处细节描写可知作者笔调“幽默”。后三项分别表示“批判的”“令人恐惧的”“担心的”，都不是本文的写作风格。

　　答案　A阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Many cities have subways and underground public transportation to take locals and tourists alike rapidly around the city．However, there’s something different about riding a London subway．It may not look different, but the historical value of one of England’s most popular forms of transportation is enough to make riding the subway a must when visiting London．With a little under 100 different stations, the subway can take you almost anywhere you need to go．

　　Riding a London subway, a person from other countries will notice one major difference: in London, people do not look at each other．In fact, eye contact is avoided at all times．That’s not rudeness ― people are just too busy to bother looking．

　　Busy doing what, you ask? Well, they’re certainly not using the time for a moment of quiet thinking．Nor are they reading a book．New technology has replaced quiet habits．Today the only acceptable form of book on the London underground is an e-book．

　　Apple must earn a fortune from London commuters（使用月票上下班者）．Since the launch of the iPhone in 2007, over 40,000―yes, that’s 40,000 “apps” have been designed．

　　Commuters love them because they are the perfect time-fillers．One “app”, called iShoot, is a game that features tanks．Another one, Tube Exits, tells passengers where to sit on the train to be closest to the exit of their destination．iSteam clouds the iPhone screen when you breathe into the microphone．You can then write in the “steam” on your phone screen．

　　For those without an iPhone, another Apple product, the iPod, may be the distraction（消遣）of choice．It’s not just teenagers who “plug in” to their music－iPods are a popular way to pass the time for all ages．

　　And if games, e-books and music aren’t enough to keep you occupied, then perhaps you would prefer a film? The development of palm DVD technology means many commuters watch their favorite TV shows or films on the way to work．With all these distractions, it’s amazing that people still remember to get off the train．

　　1．Those who want to save time to reach where they go can download ______ to their iPhones．

　　A．iShoot

　　B．Tube Exits

　　C．iSteam

　　D．iPod

　　2．People in London do not make eye contact on the subway because ______．

　　A．they are going to work and have no time to communicate with each other

　　B．they love reading books and do not want to be disturbed

　　C．they feel sleepy because of getting up early

　　D．they are busy playing games, reading e-books, listening to music or watching films

　　3．The underlined word “apps” in the fourth paragraph means ______．

　　A．computers

　　B．programs downloaded for the iPhone

　　C．computer companies

　　D．fortune from London commuters

　　4.．The main idea of the passage is that ______．

　　A．London commuters are unfriendly to strangers

　　B．Apple has earned a lot of money from selling 40,000 apps

　　C．technology is changing how London commuters spend their traveling time

　　D．riding a London subway is a must when visiting London

　　1.B细节理解题。根据Another one, Tube Exits, tells passengers where to sit on the train to be closest to the exit of their destination．故选B。

　　2.D细节理解题。根据最后一段可知人们在地铁里没空看别人，是因为大家都忙于玩游戏读电子书听音乐或看电影，故选D。

　　3..B词义猜测题。根据have been designed可知它是电脑里已经设计好的程序，故选B。

　　4..C主旨大意题。整篇短文叙述了伦敦的人们是怎样打发他们在做地铁的时间的，故选C。

　　A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Below is a selection from a popular science book.

　　If blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?

　　Actually，veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear，yellowish colour.Although blood looks red when it's outside the body，when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth，these blood­filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.

　　Which works harder，your heart or your brain?

　　That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.

　　Why do teeth fall out，and why don't they grow back in grown­ups?

　　Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth has grown in，you're done.When they're gone，they're gone.This is because nature figures you're set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.

　　Do old people shrink as they age?

　　Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But，when they do，it isn't because they're shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 3­4 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？No，because old people don't really shrink！It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter，it's because the spine has shortened a little.Or，more often，become more bent and curved.

　　Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?

　　Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling.The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity­and­motion­sensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.But，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not!

　　Where do feelings and emotions come from?

　　Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs，cats，and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.

　　If exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?

　　Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned，it's “use it，or lose it”！It's not that exercise makes you healthy；it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

　　1．What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A．Blue.

　　B．Light yellow.

　　C．Red.

　　D．Dark reddish purple.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“...it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。

　　答案　D2．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

　　A．Because their spine is in active use.

　　B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.

　　C．Because they keep growing backwards.

　　D．Because their spine becomes more bent.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。

　　答案　D3．Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

　　A．In the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.

　　B．When our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.

　　C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.

　　D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“But，in the long run，your brain...”可知答案为A项。此题最易误选B项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。

　　答案　A4．What is the main purpose of the selection?

　　A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.

　　B．To provide information about our body.

　　C．To challenge new findings in medical research.

　　D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

　　解析　写作意图题。考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择B项较全面。

　　答案　BA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

　　The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

　　Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

　　The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle­aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

　　“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R．Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen­Nuremberg.

　　Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

　　“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.

　　Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

　　The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

　　However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.

　　1．According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

　　A．Optimistic adults.

　　B．Middle­aged adults.

　　C．Adults in poor health.

　　D．Adults of lower income.

　　解析　细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle­aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。故选B项。

　　答案　B．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people________.

　　A．to fully enjoy their present life

　　B．to estimate their contribution accurately

　　C．to take measures against potential risks

　　D．to value health more highly than wealth

　　解析　细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“...people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions...”及“...contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)．..”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选C项。

　　答案　C．How do people of higher income see their future?

　　A．They will earn less money.

　　B．They will become pessimistic.

　　C．They will suffer mental illness.

　　D．They will have less time to enjoy life.

　　解析　细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选A项。

　　答案　A．What is the clear conclusion of the study?

　　A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

　　B．Good financial condition leads to good health.

　　C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

　　D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

　　解析　推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“‘We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，’the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。

　　答案　D