2017年高考英语一轮复习讲练测：选修8 语法专题复习 词类复习（2）（讲）（原卷版）

　　（讲）-2017年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（原卷版）

　　选修8

　　Unit 1—5　

　　词类复习（2）

　　有提示词的词类复习：动词、非谓语动词、形容词和副词、名词、

　　动词、非谓语动词在前面已经复习过这里不在细讲基础知识。

　　名词

　　（1）考纲要求

　　名词应掌握以下内容：分清名词的可数性与不可数性；可数名词有单复数，有些名词只有复数；物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用；名词所有格和of格的语言现象；名词直接作定语；国家名词的正确使用；名词词义的区分和搭配；单位名词的搭配；名词前的修饰语so, as, quite等；time及常考点。

　　（2）命题规律

　　名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。名词的考查强调语言的情景化，重点考查在特定语境、真实语境中的准确辨析、选择和运用名词的能力。名词短语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。

　　另外，在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。2015年的高考将会继续保持稳定，命题形式会更加灵活、新颖。试题类型一般是考查

　　(1)名词词义辨析: custom风俗习惯，habit个人习惯，tradition传统；scene场景，scenery自然风景（总称），view特定位置的景观，sight人文或历史景观；skill技能，ability能力，talent才华，strength优势，长处 等等

　　(2)抽象名词具体化：beauty美、美丽（不可数名词） a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）experience经验（不可数名词）an experience一次经历（可数名词）surprise吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词） a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）honor荣誉、信誉（不可数名词） an honor一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）failure失败（不可数名词） a failure/failures失败的人或事（可数名词）(3)名词短语的固定的搭配：have/gain access to接近，到达；take …into consideration考虑；take advantage of利用；in consequence of 由于 …… 的缘故 put into effect 实行，生效“Learn through use” is a good piece of

　　________ (advise) for those

　　who

　　are studying a new language.

　　I'll stop and take a deep ____.

　　We don’t have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water ___23___ (short);

　　4.With the ____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.

　　Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.

　　6. If everybody realizes the ___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved.

　　【方法总结】1.介词和动词后面可能缺宾语，这时填名词；2.考查含有名词的固定短语；3.句子缺主语时也可能填名词作主语；4.冠词后面可能填名词；5一定要注意名词的单复数形式。

　　形容词和副词

　　（1）考纲要求

　　形容词与副词是高中语法的重要内容，也是高考考查的热点。在历年的高考英语中，单项填空、完形填空、书面表达都有涉及形容词和副词的考查。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。

　　ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。

　　另外，在熟练掌握形容词与副词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意一些形容词与副词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。2015年的高考将会继续保持稳定，命题形式会更加灵活、新颖。试题类型一般是考查

　　形容词和副词的辨析主要分为两类：一类是给出语境，让学生选择符合这种语境的形容词或副词；另一类是一定语境中形容词或副词的辨析。近三年考查到的还有：

　　形容词：①appropriate；conscious；arbitrary；controversial ②commercial；generous；comparable；profitable③reasonable；confident；creative；grateful ④important；spare；public；convenient ⑤dramatic；regional；apparent；subtle ⑥unchallenged；relevant；controversial；contradictory ⑦vital；available；specific；similar⑧available；affordable；acceptable；valuable

　　副词：①hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually ②thus；besides；rather；otherwise ③competitively；recently；reasonably ④besides；however；therefore；instead ⑤besides；otherwise；however；altogether ⑥especially；equally；naturally；normally ⑦nevertheless；besides；otherwise；therefore ⑧especially；regularly；particularly；approximately

　　（2）形容词和副词比较等级

　　比较等级的常见句型：①两者比较，用“比较级 ＋than”表示。②表示“两者之间较……的那个”用“the＋比较级＋n.＋ of the two ＋n.”。③表示“越……，就越……”用“the ＋ 比较级，the ＋ 比较级”。④as＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“和……一样”。⑤not as/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“不如……”

　　比较等级前常用的修饰语：a little, a bit, slightly，much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。

　　否定词＋比较级＝最高级：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义。

　　【考例分析】

　　【例1】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”

　　【例】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.

　　【例】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.

　　方法当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。

　　【例】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.

　　【例】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.

　　【例】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.

　　方法空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。

　　【例】She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．

　　【例】Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.

　　【例】But everyone added a little, always ______ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”

　　方法句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。