2016届陕西汉中市高考英语二轮阅读理解选练（27）（含答案）

　　2016年陕西汉中市高考英语二轮阅读理解选练（27）（含答案）

　　阅读理解Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.

　　He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.

　　During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.

　　From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.

　　【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。

　　1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling　.

　　A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School

　　B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes

　　C. was once badly treated in Washington High School

　　D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为D选项。

　　2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?

　　A. The“behavior”of molecules.

　　B. Physical chemistry.

　　C. Biological chemistry.

　　D. The human body.

　　【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第二段第二句话“His interest in the‘behavior’of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling的兴趣发生了变化, 从physical chemistry转到了biological chemistry上, 所以正确答案为B选项。

　　3. During World WarⅡ, Linus Pauling　.

　　A. had to stop his research because of the war

　　B. made great contributions to the safety of the country

　　C. joined the army to fight for the safety of the country

　　D. took part in researching nuclear bombs

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正确答案为B选项。

　　4. The main idea of the passage is to show　.

　　A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons

　　B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world

　　C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules

　　D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace

　　【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以应该选择B选项。

　　阅读理解。

　　The summer I was ten, my mother decided to bring us to the world of art. My brother and I were not very excited when we realized what my mother meant. What she meant was not that we could take drawing classes or painting classes but that we would have to spend one afternoon a week with her at the Fine Arts Museum. Before each visit to the museum, she made us read about artists and painting styles(风格). It was almost as bad as being in school. Who wants to spend the summer thinking about artists when you could be with your friends at the swimming pool?

　　First we had to read about ancient Egyptians(古埃及人) and their strange way of painting faces and then go to look at them at the museum. My 12-year-old brother thought this was so funny, but I was not interested. Later we had to learn about artists in the Middle Ages who painted people wearing strange long clothing. We had to look at pictures of fat babies with wings and curly (鬈曲的) hair and with no clothes on flying around the edges of paintings. I certainly couldn't see what was so great about art.

　　On our last visit to the museum, something happened when I saw a painting by a woman called Mary. In it, a woman was reading to a child. The colors were soft and gentle, and you could tell by the mother' s expression how happy she was just to be with the child. I couldn't stop looking at this painting ! I wanted to see every painting Mary had ever made! It was really worth looking at so many paintings to find a painter who could interest me so much.

　　1. The aim of the mother' s plan was to _________.

　　A. take them to visit the museum

　　B. introduce them to the world of art

　　C. ask them to read about artists

　　D. show them different painting styles

　　2. What was the writer' s experience in the museum before the last visit?

　　A. She came to feel her mother' s love.

　　B. She liked many paintings.

　　C. She hardly enjoyed herself.

　　D. She could understand the pictures of fat babies.

　　3. What made the writer go through a change that summer?

　　A. One of Mary's paintings.

　　B. A strange way of painting.

　　C. Artists in the Middle Ages.

　　D. Her mother' s instruction.

　　4. From the text, we can see _________.

　　A. the importance of curiosity

　　B. the effect of art

　　C. the value of learning

　　D. the power of family education

　　【参考答案.B

　　2.C

　　3.A

　　4.B

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。I prefer Lynne Truss’s phraseology: I am a grammar “sticker”. And, like Truss – author of Eats, shoots & Leaves – I have a “zero tolerance” approach to grammar mistakes that make people look stupid.

　　Now, Truss and I disagree on what it means to have “zero tolerance”. She thinks that people who mix up basic grammar “deserve to be struck by lightning, hacked (砍) up on the spot and buried in an unmarked grave”, while I just think they deserve to be passed over for a job – even if they are otherwise qualified for the position.

　　Everyone who applies for a position at either of my companies, iFixit or Dozuki, takes a compulsory grammar test. If job hopefuls can’t distinguish between “to” and “too”, their applications go into the bin.

　　Of course, we write for a living. iFixit.com is the world’s largest online repair manual (指南), and Dozuki helps companies write their own technical documentation, like paperless work instructions and step-by-step user manuals. So, it makes sense that we’ve made a strong strike against grammar errors.

　　But grammar is relevant for all companies. Yes, language is constantly changing, but that doesn’t make grammar unimportant. Good grammar is credibility, especially on the Internet. And, for better or worse, people judge you if you can’t tell the difference between “their” “there” and “they’re”.

　　Good grammar makes good business sense – and not just when it comes to hiring writers. Writing isn’t in the official job description of most people in our office. Still, we give our grammar test to everybody, including our salespeople, our operations staff, and our programmers.

　　Grammar signifies more than just a person’s ability to remember high school English. I’ve found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing – like stocking shelves or labeling parts. It is the same with programmers. Applicants who don’t think writing is important are likely to think lots of other things also aren’t important.

　　1. The author agrees with Lynne Truss in that ________.

　　A. grammar mistakes can’t be tolerated

　　B. books on grammar make people stupid

　　C. people need to learn basic grammar

　　D. grammar mistakes are absolutely unavoidable

　　. What’s the author’s “zero tolerance” approach to these job seekers who mix up basic grammar?

　　A. They should be left out for a job.

　　B. They have to correct their mistakes.

　　C. They aren’t qualified for their jobs.

　　D. They must be severely punished.

　　3. Which of the following is TRUE of iFixit and Dozuki?

　　A. Only one of them has a compulsory grammar test.

　　B. They are companies where one learns grammar.

　　C. Grammar is quite important for their existence.

　　D. They depend on grammar correction for a living.

　　4. What can we learn from the text?

　　A. Companies giving grammar tests may have no good business sense.

　　B. Grammar becomes unimportant as language is constantly changing.

　　C. A “zero tolerance” approach to grammar errors might seem a little unfair.

　　D. People who pay attention to writing may pay attention to other things.

　　参考答案AACD

　　阅读理解A survey of professors finds that most see online courses as inferior to in-class lessons—but those who have taught online are more open to their potential. Larry Greenemeier reports The New York Times calls 2017“the year of the MOOC(网络开放课程). ”But lots of open online courses still fail to get high marks from most educators.

　　In a recent survey of more than 2, 200 professors, only one in five thought that online courses could be as effective as classroom curricula(课程). Their biggest concern: limited interaction between teachers and students. The survey was done by Gallup and the website Inside Higher Ed. Respondents linked MOOC credibility to whether an online course was offered by an qualified school and to a student’s ability to receive credits.

　　The doubt from the faculty of the schools isn’t surprising. New technologies often turn those well-prepared products and services into goods without little excitement, something no teacher wants. On the other hand, refusing to change, especially when it involves computers, tends to be a losing strategy in most fields.

　　One of the important points in the data is that much MOOC criticism comes from faculty who’ve never taught an online course. Of the 30 percent of professors polled(被投票的)who had taught a MOOC, most thought that online courses can deliver roughly the same results as the classroom ones.

　　【文章大意】2017年被称为“网络开放课程之年”。很多人都在质疑网络开放课程的有效性和它的可信度。有人认为这种课程把一些精心准备的产品和服务变成了平淡无奇的商品, 这些都不是老师们想要的。关于调查数据的可信度也遭到了质疑。

　　1. In the first paragraph, the underlined word“inferior”probably means　.

　　A. better

　　B. worseC. superiorD. prior

　　【解析】选B。词义猜测题。从第一段中的“But lots of open online courses still fail to get high marks from most educators. ”可知很多教育家都认为这种课程不如课堂教学。

　　2. According to the passage, how many professors in the survey are in support of the equal effectiveness of online courses and classroom ones?

　　A. About 2, 200.

　　B. About 30 percent.

　　C. About 50 percent.

　　D. About 440.

　　【解析】选D。数字计算题。根据文章第二段In a recent survey of more than 2, 200 professors, only one in five thought that online courses could be as effective as classroom curricula得知, 接受调查的2 200个教授中, 有五分之一认为二者的有效性相等。故选D。

　　3. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. The professors are worried that the interaction between students and teachers is not enough.

　　B. New technologies often turn products and services into goods of high quality.

　　C. If you refuse to change, you will lose in most fields.

　　D. People who taught an online course gave us the exact data of the survey.

　　【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段Their biggest concern: limited interaction between teachers and students. 得知被调查者担心这种网络公开课程会导致师生之间的互动不够。

　　4. What is the author’s attitude towards the result of the survey?

　　A. Doubtful.

　　B. Optimistic.

　　C. Worried.

　　D. Proud.

　　【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据文章末段作者提出的对参与对象的质疑, 以及重复提出一些人对网络开放课程的支持可知, 作者对调查结果持怀疑态度。