（豫皖京闽粤通用）2017届高考英语北师大版一轮复习配套练习：book4 Unit 12《culture shock》（含解析）

　　Ⅰ.语境填词

　　1．Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect(方面) of life is affected.(2015·浙江)

　　2．In a recent study，Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted(实施) some experiments.(2015·安徽)

　　3．It really benefited me a lot to preview(预习) lessons，get actively involved in class，and review what had been taught after class.(2017·江西)

　　4．Dr.Carter’s findings indicate(表明) that our culture might be formed through learning from each other.(2017·湖北)

　　5．At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair(不公平的) to punish them.(2017·辽宁)

　　Ⅱ.单句语法填空

　　1．But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.(2015·北京)

　　2．Owing(owe) to the bad weather，the journey was put off.

　　3．Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging(belong) to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors！(2017·安徽)

　　4．I think sometimes we attach too much importance to our phones so that we ignore our friends.(2017·重庆)

　　5．When deeply absorbed(absorb) in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.(2017·北京)

　　6．I’m very delighted to learn that you’re coming to our class to study with us as an exchange student next term.(2017·天津)

　　7．It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live(live) in cities and do not farm for a living.(2017·北京)

　　8．People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.(manner)(2017·安徽)

　　9．Upon/On arrival，Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.(2017·山东)

　　10．Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor(outdoors) fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.(2015·江苏)

　　Ⅲ.短语填空

　　1．If men insisted on being free from the burden of self­dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free.(2015·江苏)

　　2．He said that although he couldn’t give me a lift，I should come back to his house for lunch.(2017·陕西)

　　3．One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class，and 1% the upper class.(2017·陕西)

　　4．With the help of Katia，a roommate of mine，I’ve soon got used to living without my parents around.(2011·重庆)

　　5．As I pulled the bus over to drop off a little girl，she handed me an earring saying I should keep it in case somebody claimed it.(2017·大纲全国Ⅱ)

　　6．We all went to the airport to see her off.

　　7．It’s hoped that the talks may bring an end to the violence.

　　8．Hang on tight.We’re off!

　　Ⅳ.完成句子

　　1．Once we were discussing where to go for an outing.

　　有一次我们在讨论到哪儿去远足。(2015·浙江)

　　2．Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.

　　玛丽永远也不会忘记她第一次见到他的事。(2017·广东)

　　3．That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.

　　那可能很恼人的，那就是为什么有些人会感到恶心的原因。(2015·湖北)

　　4．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had (in) walking home in the snowstorm.

　　你难以想象我们在暴风雪中步行回家所面临的困难。

　　5．Thus，Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.

　　于是父亲主张我们每天至少学习一样新事物。(2015·福建)

　　写作素材 (关于文化素养)

　　1．大多数人认为，谦虚谨慎对所有的人来说都是一种社会美德。

　　2．另外，人们还认为积极道歉，宽恕别人也是一种有礼貌的表现。

　　3．但与我们的期望相反的是，许多人没有礼貌，他们也不勇于承认自己的错误。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用宾语从句和适当的过渡连接词等。

　　连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)

　　The majority of the people think that being modest and cautious is a society virtue for all the people.What’s more，it is thought that apologizing to others actively and forgiving others are also good manners.But contrary to our expectations，many people not only have bad manners but don’t want to admit their own mistakes bravely.

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(建议用时8′)

　　The ancient Maya built many large cities in what is known as their classic period，which lasted from about 250 A．D.until about 900.Each city had its own king and ruling class.The cities traded with one another，but often fought as well.Around the year 900，the Maya abandoned many of their cities.

　　Archaeologists and other scientists have long puzzled over why the Maya left.They have examined the cities carefully，and studied the settlements that surround them.In Copan they found many tools dating from 500 to about 1000 and a few tools dating from about 1000 to 1200.They found that no new monuments had been built after 822.From plant remains，they concluded that the area around Copan had been farmland，and other evidence suggested that the land had been overfarmed.In view of the evidence，the scientists concluded that a large population had lived in Copan until about 1000，but that as more people farmed the land，the soil had lost its richness and produced fewer crops，causing the Maya there to suffer from malnutrition(营养不良)，as an analysis of skulls has shown.As a result，people began to leave Copan around the year 1000.

　　War may also have caused the Maya to abandon some of their cities.For example，it is thought that a rival(敌对) city，Caracol，may have once conquered Tikal.100 years later Tikal returned to power，and the ruling family built temples to honour its victory.However，by the end of the 800s，Tikal was no longer powerful，and its inhabitants left.Although we do not know for certain why many ancient Maya abandoned their cities，today’s Maya may provide us with clues.The modern Maya still live on the lands in Mexico and Guatemala that their ancestors occupied.Many present­day Maya still have ancient beliefs and farming practices，and studying these may help us discover more about ancient Maya culture.

　　1．According to the text，we know that Copan flourished from

　　.

　　A．500 to 822

　　B．250 to 900

　　C．822 to 1000

　　D．1000 to 1200

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在公元500年至1000年期间大量的农具被发现；1000年至1200年间只发现少量的农具；但是在822年之后就没有新的遗迹出土了，故可推知，科潘城的繁荣时期应该定位在公元500至822年期间。

　　2．In Copan，scientists found evidence that the Maya

　　.

　　A．had been defeated by the people of Caracol

　　B．had overfarmed the land and suffered from poor health

　　C．had been involved in a conflict with Tikal

　　D．had left the city because of a war

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，人们对农田的过度开垦导致土地营养的流失，最终导致那里的古玛雅人营养不良。故选B项。

　　3．It’s probable that scientists will not agree on why the Maya abandoned their cities

　　.

　　A．until more cities are found

　　B．without more physical evidence

　　C．until modern practices are better understood

　　D．without comparing the Maya to other ancient cultures

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段可知研究人员为了弄明白为什么玛雅人放弃了他们赖以生存的城池故土，找了很多证据来证明，所以可以推出B项正确。

　　4．The scientists think studying the beliefs and practices of the modern Maya will help them understand ancient Mayan civilization because the modern Maya

　　.

　　A．are identical to the ancient ones

　　B．have the best farming practices

　　C．know what their ancient civilization was like

　　D．carry on some of their ancestors’ beliefs and practices

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据尾段可知，科学家们之所以认为研究现代玛雅人的信仰及风俗习惯有助于了解古玛雅文明，是因为现代玛雅人传承了古玛雅人的一些信仰及风俗习惯。故选D项。

　　B

　　(建议用时8′)

　　We Chinese are not big huggers.A handshake or a pat on the shoulder is enough to convey our friendship or affection to one another.So when our newly­acquainted Western friends reach out in preparation for a hug，some of us feel awkward.

　　Many questions go through our head.Where should I put my arms？Under their armpits or around their neck？What distance should I maintain？Should our chests touch?

　　It’s even more difficult with friends from some European countries.Should I kiss them on the cheek while hugging？Which side？Or is it both cheeks？Which side should I start on?

　　But it isn’t just people from cultures that emphasize a reservedness in expressing physical intimacy(亲密) who find hugging confusing.Hugs can cause discomfort or even distress in people who value their personal space.

　　In a recent article for The Wall Street Journal，US psychologist Peggy Drexler said that although the US remains a “medium touch” culture—“more physically demonstrative than Japan，where a bow is the all­purpose hello and goodbye，but less demonstrative than Latin or Eastern European cultures，where hugs are strong and can include a kiss on both cheeks”，Americans do seem to be hugging more.

　　From politicians to celebrities，hugs are given willy­nilly to friends，strangers and enemies alike；and the public has been quick to pick up the practice.Public figures know that nothing projects like the ability as a good hug.US First Lady Michelle Obama has put her arms around icy foreign leaders like Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev and the Queen of England，on the latter occasion actually breaking the rule of royal manners.

　　But not all are grateful to be embraced，even by the most influential and famous.To them，any hug is offensive if it’s not sincere.

　　Amanda Hess，writing for US magazine Slate，says public figures should stop imposing hugs on everyone they meet.For them，a hug is rarely a gesture of sincere fellowship，compassion or affection.It’s all part of a show.Hugs are falsely intimate power plays used by public figures to establish their social dominance over those in their grasp.

　　Cecilia Walden，a British journalist writing for The Telegraph who lives in New York，holds the same opinion.“Power­hugging”，as she calls it，is “an offender dressed up as kindness”．It has become a fashion in the US where “bosses are already embracing their staff (either shortly before or after firing them)，men and women，their friends or enemies，in a thousand cheating displays of unity”．

　　5．From the first four paragraphs，we can see that

　　.

　　A．we Chinese people don’t know how to hug

　　B．people from European countries often get puzzled about hugging

　　C．people in Western countries seldom use hugs to express their physical closeness

　　D．hugs can bring pressure to people when used improperly

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段可知拥抱这种肢体接触方式并不只是令那些文化背景相对保守的人们感到为难，同时也会为那些注重私人空间的人们带来不适，甚至是苦恼。

　　6．The example of US First Lady Michelle Obama is given to show that

　　.

　　A．Americans hold a “medium touch” culture

　　B．public figures know hugging functions well in public

　　C．she is much liked by American people

　　D．hugs are forbidden in England

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“Public figures know that nothing projects like the ability as a good hug.”可知公众人物深知没什么能比一个诚意十足的拥抱更能展现亲和力了。

　　7．“Power­hugging” in the last paragraph actually means that

　　.

　　A．hugs are only used sincerely by some people with power

　　B．hugging is powerful to bosses in US

　　C．public figures sometimes use hugging just for a show of power

　　D．public figures can hug anyone in their grasp freely

　　答案　C

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据本段的“an offender dressed up as kindness”可知选C。

　　8．What can be the best title of this passage?

　　A．Hugs，Vital or Not?

　　B．Hugs，Tricky Affair?

　　C．Hugs and Public Figures

　　D．Hugs and Power

　　答案　B

　　解析　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了对于一些政要名流而言，拥抱更是已经沦为一种作秀，变了味道。故选B项。

　　Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时6′)

　　False Fear of Big Fish

　　Many people believe sharks are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans.

　　9

　　A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium(水族馆) in Baltimore，US，proves this.Visitors can touch young sharks，see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank.

　　Most people fail to realize that attacks don’t happen very often.Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark.

　　10

　　There，kids can learn，from an early age，not to fear sharks.

　　“People fear what they don’t know，” said Nancy Hotchkiss，an organizer of the exhibition.“Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean’s food chain.We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection.”

　　11

　　A study，published in January in the US magazine，Science，found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past 8 to 15 years.

　　Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods，such as shark fin(鱼翅) soup.And many others get caught in

　　nets，while fishermen are hunting other fish.

　　12

　　“Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks，” said Dave Schofield，the manager of the aquarium’s ocean health program.

　　13

　　A．They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feel the skin of the older swimmers.

　　B．A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans.

　　C．In fact,94 percent of the world’s 400 species are harmless to humans.

　　D．It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in place to protect these special fish.

　　E．And to make this point clear，the museum has set up a special touching pool for children.

　　F．More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than one meter long.

　　G．Sharks can smell and taste blood，and trace it back to its source.

　　答案　9.C　10.E　11.B　12.F　13.D

　　Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时9′)

　　Dear Mike，

　　I’m so glad to have received your gift.Thanks so much for a lovely present.Now I would like to share with you about my plan for the coming winter vacation.First，I will go over my lesson so that you can have a better understanding of them.Then I will do some exercise，that keeps me physical strong.In addition，I’m going to travelling during the holiday because I want to relax myself after a long and harder term.I wonder you are available during the coming May Day holiday.I’d like to invite you to China and enjoy the great spring scenery there.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　答案

　　Dear Mike，

　　I’m so glad to have received your gift.Thanks so much for

　　lovely present.Now I would like to share with you about

　　my plan for the coming winter vacation.First，I will go over my

　　so that

　　can have a better understanding of them.Then I will do some exercise， keeps me

　　strong.In addition，I’m going to

　　during the holiday because I want to relax myself after a long and

　　term.I wonder you are available during the coming May Day holiday.I’d like to invite you to China and enjoy the great spring scenery .

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　Ⅰ.七选五(建议用时6′)

　　Whitman was one of the most original and inspiring American poets，true to his art and his role as a poet.

　　1

　　As American’s first epic poem(史诗)，Leaves of Grass ran nine editions with more than 400 poems all written in free verse(诗) form，that is，poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.

　　2

　　As Whitman once said，“Leaves of Grass was the outcrop of my own emotional and other personal nature—an attempt，from first to last，to put a person，a human being freely，fully and truly on record.”

　　For Whitman，science，democracy(民主) and spirituality were the three things that form the structure of modern poetry.Whitman tried to combine the world of science，the philosophy of democracy and the spiritual feeling of life into his poetry.

　　3

　　Therefore，he threw aside the traditional ornaments(修饰) and prettiness of poetry and had his own form.

　　4

　　With its frequent use of informal language and everyday events，his poetry represents a turning point in the history of American poetry—poetry fashioned out of special American experience in a clear American idiom.Whitman’s special poetic creation has developed a very significant tradition in American poetry.

　　5

　　He was against slavery，respected Lincoln，supported strikes，and combined the ideal of the common people and that of the ragged individual.

　　A．The title implies rebirth，renewal，or green life.

　　B．Many people enjoy reading his poems.

　　C．He devoted himself to poetry praising the native American experience.

　　D．For Whitman，the poetic form was to be organic，not restricted.

　　E．He was once the chief editor of a famous newspaper.

　　F．Both the form and content of his poems are revolutionary.

　　G．In his poems，he celebrated new American rather than regretted it.

　　答案　1.C　2.A　3.D　4.F　5.G

　　Ⅱ.完形填空(建议用时17′)

　　Time talks.It speaks more plainly than words.Time

　　6

　　in many ways.

　　Consider the different parts of the day，for example.The time of the day when something is done can give a

　　7

　　meaning to the event.It is not a

　　8

　　to telephone someone very early in the morning.If you telephone him early in the day，

　　9

　　he is shaving or having breakfast，the time of the call shows that something is urgent and

　　10

　　immediate attention.

　　The same meaning is

　　11

　　telephone calls made after 11：00 pm.If someone receives a call during sleeping hours，he may think it is a

　　12

　　of life or death.The time chosen for the call

　　13

　　its importance.

　　In social life，time plays a very

　　14

　　part.In the United States，guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the

　　15

　　to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.But this is not

　　16

　　in all countries.In other areas of the world，it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far

　　17

　　because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be

　　18

　　.

　　The meaning of time

　　19

　　from place to place in the world.

　　20

　　，misunderstandings often arise between people from different cultures that

　　21

　　time differently.For example，promptness(准时) is

　　22

　　greatly in American life.If people are not prompt，they may be regarded as

　　23

　　or not fully responsible.In the US，no one would think of keeping a business partner

　　24

　　for an hour；it would be too rude.A person who is five minutes late is

　　25

　　to make a short apology.

　　6．A.wastes

　　B．runs

　　C．travels

　　D．communicates

　　答案　D

　　解析　第一句Time talks跟time communicate意思一致，所以选D。

　　7．A.precious

　　B．ridiculous

　　C．special

　　D．rare

　　答案　C

　　解析　下一句说打电话太早别人会以为是非常紧急的事情，所以固定的时间该做什么事“有特殊的”含义，故选C。

　　8．A.deal

　　B．custom

　　C．problem

　　D．duty

　　答案　B

　　解析　一般人都不会太早打电话打扰别人，所以用custom，选B。

　　9．A.whenever

　　B．though

　　C．once

　　D．while

　　答案　D

　　解析　在别人刮胡子或者吃早饭的时候给他们打电话，所以选D。

　　10．A.requires

　　B．escapes

　　C．pays

　　D．gives

　　答案　A

　　解析　太早打电话说明情况紧急需要立即予以关注。这里require相当于need，所以选A。

　　11．A.compared with

　　B．covered with

　　C．devoted to

　　D．attached to

　　答案　D

　　解析　晚上11点以后打电话的意思也是如此。attach the same meaning to表示“赋予同样的意义”，所以选D。

　　12．A.matter

　　B．story

　　C．game

　　D．view

　　答案　A

　　解析　a matter of表示“关乎……的问题”，这里是关乎生死的问题。故选A。

　　13．A.reduces

　　B．ignores

　　C．stresses

　　D．doubts

　　答案　C

　　解析　不同时间打的电话意义不同，强调的重要性不同。所以选C。

　　14．A.different

　　B．significant

　　C．small

　　D．equal

　　答案　B

　　解析　时间扮演重要的角色。所以选B。

　　15．A.plan

　　B．wish

　　C．gift

　　D．invitation

　　答案　D

　　解析　派对之前提前发出的应该是邀请函，因此D项正确。

　　16．A.useful

　　B．true

　　C．clear

　　D．grateful

　　答案　B

　　解析　但并非每个国家都是如此。因此选B。

　　17．A.on time

　　B．at length

　　C．by chance

　　D．in advance

　　答案　D

　　解析　在世界的其他一些地区，如果太早通知的话会被人忘记。in advance提前，故选D。

　　18．A.forgotten

　　B．remembered

　　C．canceled

　　D．opposed

　　答案　A

　　解析　见上题解析。

　　19．A.rushes

　　B．separates

　　C．varies

　　D．keeps

　　答案　C

　　解析　每个地方的人对时间的理解是不同的。vary from place to place各个地方不同，所以选C。

　　20．A.Meanwhile

　　B．Thus

　　C．Otherwise

　　D．Besides

　　答案　B

　　解析　因此来自不同文化背景，时间观念不同的人经常会产生误会。故选B。

　　21．A.make

　　B．kill

　　C．treat

　　D．save

　　答案　C

　　解析　对待时间的方式不同。treat对待，所以选C。

　　22．A.valued

　　B．complained

　　C．seized

　　D．influenced

　　答案　A

　　解析　在美国，人们很看重守时。value看中，认为……重要，所以选A。

　　23．A.helpless

　　B．desperate

　　C．impolite

　　D．unlucky

　　答案　C

　　解析　不守时会被认为很没有礼貌。下文有一个提示词rude，所以该题选C。

　　24．A.working

　　B．waiting

　　C．approaching

　　D．thinking

　　答案　B

　　解析　在美国没人会想让生意伙伴等1个小时。keep sb.waiting让别人等待，故选B。

　　25．A.expected

　　B．forced

　　C．refused

　　D．blessed

　　答案　A

　　解析　expect期望，指望，迟到了就应该道歉，所以选A。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时10′)

　　Nowadays，more and more schools in China have rules making students wear school uniforms to school.A lot of Chinese students complain about 26.wearing(wear) their school uniforms every day.But 27.do American students get annoyed about their uniforms，too？American high schools usually have a dress code,28.which is about requirements for students’ dressing.Boys at school must wear clean jackets every day.Girls are 29.luckier(luck) than boys，they have more flexible 30.choices(choose) than boys.They can either dress similarly to the boys 31.or wear a dress.In general，it takes a student 10－15 minutes every morning 32.to dress(dress) up for class.As students do in China，plenty of American students also have their complaints about school uniforms.What if students really dislike the dress code and want to get rid of it？Instead of getting punished,33.actually(actual) there’re ways to do that.At my school，“dress down” tickets 34.are sold(sell) on school days.If students are willing to buy a ticket，they don’t need to wear school uniforms the following day.I have a strong 35.belief(believe) that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets，too.

　　Ⅳ.短文改错(建议用时9′)

　　In order to realize his dream，Bill Gates，richest man in the world，gave up studying in Harvard University，that is the most famous in the world.He set up a company and researching the computer software.As the old saying go，“Interest is the best teacher.” I quite agree with this idea.I began to be crazy about English when I was a little girl.I got extreme interested in foreign cultures or customs.To meet me curiosity，I read in English stories every day.It seemed to be the best “meal” of a day.As a result，I always did very well in English exam.Interest is the key of success.

　　答案

　　In order to realize his dream，Bill Gates， richest man in the world，gave up studying in Harvard University， is the most famous in the world.He set up a company and 或 the computer software.As the old saying ，“Interest is the best teacher.” I quite agree with this idea.I began to be crazy about English when I was a little girl.I got

　　interested in foreign cultures

　　customs.To meet

　　curiosity，I read in

　　English stories every day.It seemed to be the best “meal” of a day.As a result，I always did very well in English .Interest is the key

　　success.

　　Ⅴ.书面表达(建议用时25′)

　　(2015·河北邢台市捷径高考高三六模)

　　假定你是李华，两周前你从网上订购了一套英语书虫系列读物(Bookworm Series)，昨天才到货，且包装破损、数量不足。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下：

　　1．介绍购物情况；

　　2．反映存在问题；

　　3．提出解决方案。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

　　参考词汇：投诉complaint

　　To whom it may concern，

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Li Hua

　　参考范文

　　To whom it may concern，

　　I’m one of your customers.I ordered a set of Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago，but I didn’t receive them until yesterday.And much to my disappointment，the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn.To make matters worse，it is not a complete set，as I found one book missing.

　　I’m sorry to have received such poor service，and I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem.I hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me.Besides，I’d like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Li Hua