（豫皖京闽粤通用）2017届高考英语北师大版一轮自主复习学案：book4 Unit 12《culture shock》

　　话题词汇

　　1．company n．陪伴；同伴

　　2．available adj.可用的；可得到的

　　3．departure n．启程；离开；出发

　　4．arrival n．到来；到达

　　5．intend v．想要；打算

　　6．destination n．目的地

　　7．get lost迷路

　　8．feel at home感觉自在；无拘束

　　9．settle in安顿下来；迁入新居

　　10．at one’s service为……服务

　　经典语篇

　　假设由你接待一组来自美国的中学生代表团。该团经深圳、湖南等地，在北京只停留两天。团长向你征求在北京的旅行计划，请按以下提示给出你的口头建议：

　　1．首先去长城。长城是世界最古老最长的防御墙，是世界奇迹之一，有两千多年的悠久历史，全部由人工建成，令世人惊叹。

　　2．其次是故宫。它建于1406年，曾有24位皇帝在那儿居住过；皇帝在那儿发号施令。参观它，可以更多地了解中国历史。

　　3．对其停留时间短暂深感遗憾，否则，可以参观更多的具有历史意义的地方和景区，如颐和园、北海公园等。

　　注意：词数100左右。

　　参考词汇：发号施令issue orders；令人惊奇amazing

　　佳作欣赏

　　Well，the first place that I advise you to visit① is the Great Wall，the longest and oldest wall in the world，which is said to be one of the wonders in the world②.It has a history of more than twenty centuries.It is amazing to see such a huge wall was made entirely by hand.

　　The other place worth visiting is the Palace Museum，which was built in 1406.③Twenty­four emperors once lived there.From there the ruling emperors issued orders.You can learn a lot about Chinese history by visiting this Palace.

　　What a pity that you can’t stay longer！Otherwise，you could visit many other historic places and beautiful scenes such as the Summer Palace，the Bei Hai Park.④

　　思维发散

　　1．仿照第①句用“序数词＋that定语从句”完成句子

　　With Chang’e­3 successfully landing，China has been the third country in the world that has landed on the moon.

　　随着嫦娥3号成功着陆，中国已经成了世界上第三个在月球上着陆的国家。(2016·安徽阜阳一中月考)

　　2．将第②句改为and连接的并列句

　　and it is said to be one of the wonders in the world.

　　3．将第③句改为简单句

　　The other place worth visiting is the Palace Museum built in 1406.

　　4．将第④句进行句型转换

　　Otherwise，you could visit many other historic places and beautiful scenes like the Summer Palace，the Bei Hai Park.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A．写作单词

　　1．apology (n.)道歉，认错

　　apologize (vi.)道歉；表示歉意

　　2．laughter (n.)笑；笑声

　　laugh (vi.)笑，嘲笑

　　3．majority (n.)大半，大多数

　　minority (n.)少数；少数民族

　　4．anyhow (adv.)总之，反正；不管怎样

　　5．manners (n.)礼貌

　　6．movement (n.)动作；活动

　　7．familiar (adj.)熟悉的，常见的

　　8．arrival (n.)到达，抵达

　　arrive (vi.)到达

　　9．stare (vi.)盯着看，凝视

　　10．spoken (adj.)口头的

　　speak (vt.)讲，说

　　speaker (n.)演讲者，讲话人

　　11．educator (n.)教育者

　　educate (vt.)教育

　　education (n.)教育；培训

　　12．belong (vi.)适应；属于

　　belongings (n.)财物

　　13．forgive (vt.)宽恕，饶恕

　　B．阅读单词

　　14．owe (vt.)欠(情、债等)

　　15．absorb (vt.)理解，掌握；吸收

　　16．brief (adj.)短暂的，简短的

　　17．expectation (n.)期待的事物，预期

　　expect (vt.)预料；期待

　　18．exchange (vt.)兑换，交换

　　19．reasonable (adj.)合理的，正当的

　　reason (n.)理由

　　20．tasty (adj.)美味的

　　taste (v.)品尝；尝起来

　　(n.)味觉

　　21．foggy (adj.)多雾的

　　fog (n.)雾

　　22．modest (adj.)谦虚的；适度的

　　23．indicate (vt.)表明；表示

　　indication (n.)表明；标示；显示

　　24．informal (adj.)非正式的

　　formal (adj.)正式的

　　25．curiously (adv.)奇怪地；好奇地

　　curious (adj.)好奇的

　　curiosity (n.)好奇；好奇心

　　26．request (n.)请求

　　27．aspect (n.)方面

　　28．cautious (adj.)小心翼翼的，谨慎的

　　29．whisper (vi.&n.)低语，耳语

　　30．conduct (vt.)指挥；实施

　　conductor (n.)指挥；售票员；列车长

　　31．injure (vt.)伤害

　　injury (n.)受伤

　　injured (adj.)受伤的

　　32．attach (vt.)喜欢，依恋；系，固定

　　33．contrary (adj.)相反的

　　(n.)相反

　　34．broad (adj.)各种各样的；广阔的

　　35．addition (n.)相加，增加物

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1．get used to习惯于

　　2．give...a lift让……搭车

　　3．see...off给……送行

　　4．at least至少

　　5．drop sb.off让某人下车

　　6．hang on不挂断(电话)

　　7．insist on坚持

　　8．take sth.seriously认真对待某事

　　9．bring an end to sth.结束某事

　　10．be sensitive to sth.对某事敏感，易受影响

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1．I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.

　　我上次访问中国时有一次类似的经历。

　　2．I don’t know what your expectations are of London，but knowing that you’ve never travelled outside of Asia，I thought I’d tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.

　　我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但是我知道您从来没有到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以我应该告诉您一些这里您要知道的情况。

　　3．I think we should consider staying in the English countryside for a few nights as I know you enjoy hiking.

　　我知道你喜欢远足，我想我们应该在英国乡村住几天。

　　4．I wonder if they’ll ever forgive the way they’ve been treated.

　　我想知道他们是否会原谅他们已被对待的方式。

　　5．When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.

　　刚到旧金山时，有段时间我很难理解某些美国人的处事方式。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　Xiaojin writes a letter to Aunt Mei,1.saying(say) that she has been in London for 6 months and that she owes Aunt Mei an 2.apology(apologize) for not writing more often.She has been busy 3.studying(study) and trying to absorb all the new things.There is so much here 4.that is different from home.She wishes Aunt Mei’s visit not to be so brief and tells her a bit about 5.what she can expect to find.She tells Aunt Mei the food in London and about the British tipping system and ways 6.to exchange(exchange) travelers’ cheques at banks.7.Additionally(addition)，she suggests they 8.(should) stay (stay) in the English countryside to wander 9.through the fields and so on.At last she says the majority of British people are 10.friendly(friend) and she has made some good friends.

　　1

　　owe v.欠账、钱、人情等；归因于；归功于

　　[多词一义]　owing to，because of，on account of，due to

　　(1)owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物；把……归功于……

　　owe it to sb.to do sth.(为了感谢某人)应该做……，有义务做……

　　(2)owing to由于

　　(1)I owe the garage 20 for the new tyre.

　　因那个新轮胎我欠汽车修理厂20美元。

　　(2)He owes a great deal to his publishers.

　　他对他的出版商感激涕零。

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①He helped you a lot.You owe it to him to invite him to dinner(该请他吃顿饭)．

　　②Owing to/Because of/Due to(由于) the rain，the match was cancelled.

　　③He owes it to his father(归功于他爸爸) that he got the job.

　　(2)单句改错

　　She owes to herself to finish the work by the end of the day.owes后加it

　　2

　　absorb v.吸收液体、气体等take in；吸引全部注意力attract；使全神贯注interest sb.very much；使并入，吞并

　　1absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意

　　absorb...from...从……中吸收……

　　2be absorbed in全神贯注于

　　be absorbed by/into被……吞并吸引

　　(1)International affairs absorb his attention.

　　他专心研究国际问题。

　　(2)She was absorbed in the book.

　　她专心于这本书。

　　[特别提醒]

　　表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus one’s attention on，devote...to，concentrate one’s mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.

　　②Most little shops have been absorbed into/by big businesses.

　　③After absorbing(absorb) enough water，the plants grow well.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　He was so absorbed in TV that he forgot to sleep.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep.

　　3

　　exchange n.交换；互换giving and receiving；交流communication；兑换；v.调换；交换；交流communicate；兑换change

　　[应试指导]　写作高频词汇：(1)交换生 exchange students；(2)交流思想 exchange thoughts/ideas

　　1exchange A for B 拿A换B

　　exchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物

　　2in exchange for作为对……的交换

　　(1)I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund.

　　我希望可以换一台相机，否则我要求退款。

　　(2)He exchanged a quick smile with her then entered the lift.

　　他和她匆匆相视一笑，然后走进了电梯。

　　[图解助记]

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?

　　②I exchanged seats with Bill.

　　③He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　用动词exchange改写上题句③

　　He exchanged an apple with me for a piece of cake.

　　4

　　majority n.多数，大多数

　　1in a/the majority占大多数

　　the majority of多数

　　2minority n.少数；少数民族

　　in a/the minority占少数

　　a minority of少数

　　(1)The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.

　　多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。

　　(2)Only a minority of British households do not have a car.

　　英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。

　　[特别提醒]

　　the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。“the/a majority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①The majority was/were(be) in favor of the proposal.

　　②The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students.

　　③The majority of the damage is(be) easy to repair.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①There’re some people opposed to the plan，but they are in a/the minority(占少数)．

　　②In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority(占大多数)．

　　5

　　request vt.& n.要求；请求ask；ask for

　　[应试指导]　虚拟语气的考查

　　1request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事,request sth.from sb.向某人要求某物,request that...should do...要求……

　　2at one’s request＝at the request of sb.应某人的要求

　　(1)You are kindly requested not to smoke.

　　请不要吸烟。

　　(2)He requested a loan from a bank yesterday.

　　昨天他向银行申请了贷款。

　　[特别提醒]

　　动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“(should＋)动词原形”。

　　多维训练

　　同义句改写

　　(1)We requested Mr.Wang not to smoke in the office.

　　We requested that Mr.Wang (should) not smoke in the office.

　　(2)It is requested that all the club members attend the annual meeting.

　　All the club members are requested to attend the annual meeting.

　　(3)He requested that he should be transferred to another department.

　　He was transferred to another department at his own request.

　　6

　　familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的

　　[应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换well­known

　　sb.be familiar with...某人对……熟悉

　　sth.be familiar to sb.某人熟悉……

　　be on familiar terms with熟悉……；关系亲近的，亲密的

　　(1)He is a familiar figure in the neighborhood.

　　他在这个地区是大家熟悉的人物。

　　(2)The voice on the phone sounded familiar to me.

　　电话里的声音我听起来很熟悉。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)Broadband networking technology is familiar to him.

　　(2)You certainly seem to be on familiar terms with him.

　　(3)Are you familiar with English sounds yet?

　　7

　　bear vt.承受；忍耐；运送；生孩子

　　[多词一义]　bear，stand，tolerate，put up with

　　bear doing/to do...忍受做……

　　bear sb./sb.’s doing...容忍某人做……

　　bear sb.to do...忍受某人做……

　　keep/bear sth.in mind牢记……

　　(1)They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war.

　　他们不得不忍受长期生活在战争恐惧中的痛苦。

　　(2)Bear in mind that success comes from hard work.

　　记住：成功来自于努力。

　　[特别提醒]

　　(1)bear表示“容忍，忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。

　　(2)bear的过去分词形式，作“生育，生产”讲时用borne；作“出生”或“出身”时用born。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Mary has borne him six sons and the eldest son was born in 1970.(bear)

　　②He can’t bear being laughed/to be laughed(laugh) at.

　　③I can’t bear him treating/to treat(treat) his parents like that.

　　(2)一句多译

　　那个妇女已生了两个孩子。

　　①The woman has borne two children.(bear)

　　②The woman has given birth to two children.(birth)

　　③The woman has been delivered of two children.(deliver)

　　8

　　spot n.斑点；污渍；地点；场所；v.看见；发现

　　1on the spot当场；在现场

　　2be spotted with满是……的斑点

　　spot sb.doing...发现某人做……

　　(1)She has a white dress with blue spots.

　　她有一件白底蓝点的连衣裙。

　　(2)I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.

　　我终于在人群中发现了我的朋友。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①He spotted his friend talking (talk) with someone in the distance.

　　②The young man，who was the only man on the spot，was told to set down what he saw.(2015·黄冈调研)

　　(2)单句改错

　　①The thief was spotted run away from the entrance to the building.run→running

　　②His trousers spotted with ink.spotted前加were

　　9

　　curiously adv.奇怪地；好奇地

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity.

　　那封信不是写给我的，然而我出于好奇把它拆开了。

　　②It’s curious that he left without saying good­bye.

　　真奇怪，他不辞而别了。

　　③“What have you got in there？” Felix asked with curiosity.

　　Felix好奇地问，“你在那儿得到了什么？”

　　④So curious were the couple about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

　　那对夫妇对野生植物那么好奇以至于他们决定去Madagascar作进一步的研究。(用倒装语序)

　　(2)同义句改写

　　He was curious about Australian cities，so he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.(用形容词短语作状语改写)

　　Curious about Australian cities，he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.

　　10

　　cautious adj.小心翼翼的；谨慎的

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①The governments are very cautious about setting a new policy and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one.

　　②The teacher cautioned him against being late.

　　③He has been cautioned(caution) not to be late several times already.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　Those numbers need to be treated cautiously.

　　Those numbers need to be treated with caution.

　　11

　　conduct v.组织，实施；传导；指挥；带领，引导；处理；举止，表现；n.行为；举止

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句子中conduct的汉语意思

　　①Our guide conducted us round the whole tourist attraction.带领

　　②Do all the metals conduct electricity？传导

　　③You should conduct yourself at any time.行为，举止

　　④A long­term study conducted by the medical school shows that babies of smoking mothers will be less healthy than those of nonsmoking mothers.组织，实施

　　(2)单句改错

　　Conducted yourself or I’ll give you a thick ear！Conducted→Conduct

　　12

　　belong vi.适应，属于

　　多维训练

　　(1)用belong的正确形式填空

　　①The book belonging to him is on the desk.

　　②Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.

　　③He was identified only by his uniform and personal belongings.

　　(2)单句改错

　　Put it back where it belongs to.去掉to

　　13

　　contrary adj.相反的

　　多维训练

　　(1)You didn’t bother me.Just (Quite) the contrary(恰恰相反)，I like your company.

　　(2)I admit that your opinion is contrary to mine(与我的相反)．

　　(3)Any assertion(断言) to the contrary(与此相反的) is simply not true.

　　(4)Contrary to my expectation(跟我的预料相反)，he won the speech competition.

　　14

　　see...off给……送行

　　多维训练

　　短语填空　

　　see as，see...off，see to，see through

　　(1)I’ll see to it that he will not be late tomorrow.

　　(2)He could see through her lies.

　　(3)This was seen as an attempt to fool the voters.

　　(4)Anne saw Terry off at the station yesterday.

　　15

　　bring an end to ＝bring sth.to an end结束；终止

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　The meeting came to an end.

　　①We put/brought an end to the meeting.

　　②We brought the meeting to an end.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①That job came to an end last month.

　　那项工作上个月完成了。

　　②Since Mike lost his job，we can’t make ends meet.

　　自从迈克失业以后，我们不能维持生计。

　　16

　　Would you mind giving me and my schoolmate a lift to school？,你能让我和我的同学搭你的车去上学吗？

　　句型公式：Would you mind doing...？

　　mind表示“介意，反对”，常用于下列句型：

　　Would/Do you mind doing...？请你做……好吗？

　　Would/Do you mind one’s doing...？某人做……你反对吗？

　　Would you mind if...did...？某人做……你介意吗？

　　Do you mind if...do...？某人做……你介意吗？

　　应注意该句型的答语：表示不介意多使用：Of course not./Certainly not./No，not at all./No.Go ahead./No，please do./No，I don’t.；如果表示介意、反对，常用下列说法回答：I’m sorry，but you’d better not./I’m sorry，but it’s not allowed./Sorry，but I do.。

　　never mind可用于下列三种情况：回答别人的道歉；安慰别人；谢绝别人帮忙。它不用来回答含有mind的问句。

　　(1)Do you mind if I use your phone?

　　介意我用一下你的电话吗？

　　(2)Would you mind if I went ahead of you?

　　你介意我走在你前头吗？

　　多维训练

　　(1)—Sorry，I made a mistake again.

　　—Never mind.Practice more and you’ll succeed.

　　——抱歉，我又出错了。

　　——没关系。只要你多加练习一定会成功的。

　　(2)Do you mind my/me smoking或if I smoke here?

　　我在这抽烟你介意吗？

　　17

　　Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.,定好和朋友到哪儿度假。

　　句型公式：疑问词＋不定式

　　“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

　　1在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。

　　2why后加不定式时，不定式省略符号to。

　　3whether后可接不定式，而if不可。

　　(1)I don’t know how to do it next.

　　我不知道下一步该怎么办。

　　(2)Why not discover what you enjoy and do that?

　　为什么不去发现你喜欢做的然后去做呢？

　　[特别提醒]

　　疑问代词(who，which除外)后面须跟及物动词；若是不及物动词，后面须跟相应的介词。疑问副词后可以接不及物动词；若接及物动词，动词不定式须有自己的宾语。

　　多维训练

　　同义句改写

　　(1)He doesn’t know what he will talk about.(改为简单句)

　　He doesn’t know what to talk about.

　　(2)I really have no idea whether I will accept her invitation or not.(改为简单句)

　　I really have no idea whether to accept her invitation or not.

　　(3)Why don’t you stop to have a rest？(用why not改写)

　　Why not stop to have a rest?

　　18

　　I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.上次访问中国时我的经历和你的差不多。

　　句型公式：the last time引导时间状语从句

　　the last time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。

　　(1)He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.

　　他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。

　　(2)Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.

　　每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。

　　[特别提醒]

　　for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.

　　①I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写)

　　②I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以­ly结尾的连词改写)

　　(2)单句改错

　　Naturally，you were nervous when you went on the platform the first time.platform后加for

　　——单句语法填空

　　(1)I avoid meeting(meet) him，because I don’t like him.

　　(2)I can’t afford to buy(buy) the car.

　　(3)I didn’t mean to hurt(hurt) you.

　　(4)In some places，missing a bus means waiting(wait) for another hour.

　　(5)The man standing(stand) by the door is my English teacher.

　　(6)The result of the game was disappointing(disappoint)．

　　(7)Don’t keep the children working(work) on their lessons all day.

　　(8)The fire lasted a whole night，causing(cause) great damage.