2017版【高考一本解决方案】高考英语（新课标版）考点题组训练：专题6 非谓语动词（含解析）

　　1．(2016·We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.

　　1．take→taking　句意：我们可以选择待在家里或是去旅行。and连接两个并列成分。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系都作介词between的宾语。

　　(2016·新课标Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.

　　wear→wearing　句意：我通过穿一些奇怪的衣服向他们展示我的独立。by是介词后接动名词短语作宾语。

　　(2015·新课标Ⅱ)After looks at the toy for some time

　　3．looks→looking　句意：他观看了一会儿玩具之后转身发现父母亲不见了。after是介词后跟形式。

　　(2015·浙江)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.

　　sit→sitting　句意：我喜欢坐在窗子旁边欣赏窗外的风景。动词enjoy后接形式。

　　(2015·浙江)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.

　　felt→feel 　句意：教室的位置及其景色使我觉得犹如在梦中。make sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”后面须接不带to的不定式。

　　(2015·陕西)My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!

　　enjoy→enjoying　句意：我最喜欢的照片是我和我的教练在聚会上开心地享用饼干的照片。分析句子结构可知须用非谓语动词形式说明my coach and me的情形。再根据逻辑关系可知为my coach and me所发出的动作用形式。

　　(2017·辽宁)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.

　　understanding→understand　句意：真不明白她为什么在外面就要吠叫。分析句子结构可知本句中的it是一个形式主语而to do不定式作真

　　8．(2017·陕西)One evening at sunset

　　8．have→having　句意：一天傍晚我们坐在火边吃烧烤。分析句子结构可知本句中动词have须用非谓语动词形式；它与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系所以使用现在分词在句中作状语。

　　(2016·新课标Ⅰ)．..a TV show in the mid­1980s(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

　　1．permitted　句意：……那时我是第TV reporter和permit之间是被动关系用过去分词作后置定语。

　　(2016·新课标Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British visitors to the 120­plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

　　2．introducing　句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。

　　(2016·新课标Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely ________(bring)your work home.

　　3．to bring　句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。

　　(2016·新课标Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create)special designs.

　　4．to create　句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。

　　(2016·新课标Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots，________(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.

　　using　句意：人们或许在大锅中做饭用树枝把它弄people与use之间为主动关系故用现在分词作伴随状语。

　　(2016·四川)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something ________(eat)!

　　6．to eat　句意：她25天都没有离开过她的孩子甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。

　　(2016·浙江)—Are you sure you're ready for the test?

　　—No problem.I'm well ________(prepare)for it.

　　7．prepared　句意：——你确定你准备好考试了吗？——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语动词后要接动词的­ed形式充当表语。

　　(2016·浙江10)To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study ________(conduct)in Australia in 2017.

　　8．conducted　句意：为了回到水污染的问题我想要你研究一下2017年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成充当定语修饰前面的名词study。

　　(2016·浙江)A sudden stop can be a very ________(frighten)experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.

　　9．frightening　句意：突然停止会是一次可怕的经历尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的A sudden stop所以be动词后面用动词的­ing形式作表语。

　　(2016·浙江)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________(work)with students.

　　10．working　句意：我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。

　　(2016·北京)________(make)it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.

　　11．To make　句意：为了与我们联系更方便一些你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知本空在句中作目的状语因此用不定式。

　　(2016·北京)________(order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.

　　12．Ordered　句意：这些书是一个星期以前订购的现在随时都可能到货。本空动词位于句首不是祈使句须用非谓语动词；order与books是逻辑上的被动关系应用过去分词作状语表示被动或已发生。

　　(2016·北京)Newly­built wooden cottages line the street，________(turn)the old town into a dreamland.

　　13．turning　句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道边，把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与谓语连接，此时要用非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。

　　(2016·天津)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，________(make)air conditioning unnecessary.

　　14．making　句意：凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果与make是主动关系故用现在分词短语作结果状语。

　　(2015·新课标Ⅰ)Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers ________(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

　　15．conducted　句意：……由旅行顾问网站进行的对旅游者的研究将阳朔命名为世界上前十位的旅游目的地之一。因为study和conduct之间是被动关系所以用过去分词作定语。

　　(2015·新课标Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　16．living　句意：……说它经常给居住在上海和香港的人安排快速通道。因为people和live之间是主动关系所以用动词形式作定语。

　　(2015·新课标Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)________(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.

　　built　句意：由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房…… the adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系故用过去分词作

　　18．(2015·新课标Ⅱ)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ________(cool)the house during the hot day：at the same timey warm up again for the night.

　　18．to cool　句意：……墙壁已经释放完它们的热量了现在在炎热的天气里就足够冷来使房间冷却……be enough to do sth.“足够……来做某事”。

　　(2015·北京)The park was full of people，________(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.

　　19．enjoying　句意：公园里挤满了人他们都在尽情享受阳光。因为people与enjoy之间是主动关系所以这里使用enjoying形式作伴随状语。

　　(2015·福建)________(learn)more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.

　　20．To learn　句意：为了了解更多的中国文化杰克决定学习中国民歌作为选修课内容。这里用不To learn。

　　(2015·福建)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(combine)the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．

　　combining　句意：最近几年一个英语单词 “infosphere”出现了它结合了information和atmosphere两个单词的意思。combine和主语是主动关系所以用动词的­ing形式作状语。

　　(2015·安徽)________(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.

　　22．Ignoring　句意：无视两个研究结果的区别将会成为你犯的

　　23．(2015·陕西)Back from his two­year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take)good care of at home.

　　23．taken　句意：从在非洲为期两年的医疗服务回来后李医生非常开心地看到他的see sb.done“看到某人被……”。

　　(2015·陕西)At college，Barack Obama didn't know that he ________(become)the first black president of the United States of America.

　　24．was to become　句意：在大学的时候巴拉克·奥巴马并不知道他会成为美国第be to do“一定或注定会做某事”表示将来时态。

　　(2015·天津)________(absorb)in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.

　　25．Absorbed　句意：专心致志于绘画中约翰没有注意到夜幕降临。John与absorb之间是被动关系bsorbed in 表示“专心于……”。

　　(2015·天津)________(work)for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

　　26．Having worked　句意：已经工作了两天史蒂夫设法按时完成了报告。由for two days可知分词动作发生在谓语动词之前且与句子主语为主动关系所以用having done形式。

　　(2015·北京)________(catch)the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

　　27．To catch　句意：为了能赶上早班飞机我们提前预订了一辆计程车并且起得很早。根据句意和句子结构可知这里用不定式作目的状语所以填To catch。

　　(2015·重庆)________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.

　　28．Raised　句意：他在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地方被抚养长大想成为足球明星还有一段很长、很艰难的路程要走。raise和he之间有逻辑上的动宾关系所以用过去分词作原因状语。

　　(2015·重庆)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________(use)the sun and the stars.

　　29．using　句意：和古代的水手一样鸟儿凭借太阳和星星来找到飞行的路线。use和句子的主语birds之间有逻辑上的主谓关系所以用动词­ing形式作状语。

　　(2017·新课标Ⅱ)One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about ________(be)late for school.

　　30．being　句意：一天早上我在公交车站等车担心可能会上学迟到。位于介词后故用动名词作宾语。

　　(2017·新课标Ⅱ)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused ________(stop)until we reached the next stop.

　　31．to stop　句意：我听到后面一位乘客对司机大声叫喊但是司机拒绝停车直到到达下一站。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”是固定搭配。

　　(2017·新课标Ⅱ)Still，the boy kept ________(ride)．

　　riding　句意：那个男孩仍然继续骑车。keep doing sth.“持续做某事”是固定搭配。

　　(2017·辽宁)Keep ________(hold)your position for a while.

　　33．holding　句意：这个姿势要保持一会。keep doing sth.“持续做某事”是固定搭配。

　　(2017·山东)It's standard practice for a company like this one ________(employ)a security officer.

　　34．to employ　句意：像这样的公司雇用一名保安是惯常做法。it是形式主语动词不定式是真正主语。“It's＋形容词/名词＋(for...)to do...”表示“(对……来说)做……是……”。

　　(2017·湖南)________(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.

　　35．To free　句意：想要从身心的双重压力中解放自我我们每个人都需要深思和内心安宁。不定式作目的状语。

　　(2017·湖南)________(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.

　　36．Understanding　句意：明白自己的需求及沟通方式和学会表达爱及情绪同等重要。要填的词作句子的主语且陈述一个客观事实表示主动意义故填动名词的一般式。

　　(2017·江西)When it comes to ________(speak)in public，no one can match him.

　　37．speaking　句意：说到在公众面前演讲没有人能比得上他。when it comes to...表示“谈到/说到……”后接名词或动名词。此处填动名词的一般式。

　　(2017·广西)Today there are more airplanes ________(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.

　　38．carrying　句意：与以前相比现在有更多的航班可以载there be句式应用非谓语动词形式；airplanes与carry之间是主动关系故用现在分词作定语。

　　(2017·山东)There's a note pinned to the door ________(say)when the shop will open again.

　　39．saying　句意：门上钉有一张便条说商店何时再度开门营业。note与say是主动关系故用

　　40．(2017·湖南)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，________(stare)at the night sky.

　　40．staring　句意：没有比躺在草地中央凝视着夜晚的天空更令人快乐的事了。根据句意可知are的动作与lie同时发生故用现在分词作状语

　　41．(2017·北京)Last night，there were millions of people ________(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.

　　41．watching　句意：昨天晚上数百万的人从电视上收看了开幕式的直播。millions of people与watch之间存在逻辑上的主动关系故用现在分词作定语。

　　(2017·安徽)While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.

　　42．promoted　句意：在等待被提升的机会时亨利尽力做好自己的本职工作。get此处为连系动词意为“被；受到”后面接过去分词形式构成“get＋过去分词”式被动结构。

　　对非谓语动词类考

　　(2015·新课标Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ________(use)electric equipment.

　　【解析】　using　句意：除了它们的简单美之外这种土坯房值得赞扬的是它们不用电力设备就能给房间制冷的能力。介词without后面应该接名词或动名词故应用using。

　　(2017·新课标Ⅰ)It took years of work ________(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the river.

　　【解析】　to reduce　句意：减少工业污染清理河流花了数年的时间。句子的主语是it谓语动词是过去式took所填it takes...to do sth.“花费……做某事”判断本空填动词不定式。

　　确定为非谓语动词后再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系则用过去分词、­ing形式或动词不定式的被动式；非谓语动词表示的动作如果发生的早则要考虑完成式等。

　　2015·四川)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.

　　【解析】　sing→singing　句意：我们在卡拉OK厅嗨歌花了许多时间。spend...(in)doing sth.“花费金钱或时间做某事”为固定结构。

　　(2015·北京)If ________(accept)for the job，you'll be informed soon.

　　【解析】　accepted　句意：如果你被接受做这份工作那么你很快就会收到通知。本句的主语you和accept之间是被动关系所以这里使用过去分词形式是状语从句If you are accepted for the job的省略。

　　(2016·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday.

　　Having→Have　句意：旅途愉快星期五见。由于此为祝福用语须用祈使句表示祝愿动词用原形。

　　(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)To achieve determination

　　2．followed→following　句意：为了实现决心我们需要以下策略。动词follow的非谓语动词作定语意为“以下的”时须用following。

　　(2016·福建福州十三中期中考试)She can't imagine so young a girl live alone.

　　live→living或live→lives　句意：她不能想象这样年轻的女孩一个人生活。根据动词imagine的句型用法：imagine sb.可知后面要么用非谓语动词形式要么为宾语从句。

　　(2016·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)Insideas practically empty—there was just one couple，________(sit)at a table near the window.

　　1．sitting　句意：然而室内实际上很空荡只有一对夫妇坐在窗子边的桌子。描述前面one couple所发生的动作行为用动词的现在分词。

　　(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)These clubs give you the opportunity ________(play)a sport you love or learn a sport that is new to you.

　　to play　句意：这些俱乐部给你机会去进行你所喜欢的运动或学习你还不熟悉的运动。opportunity后接动词不定式作定语表示“做……的机会”。

　　(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)In these cases________(go)．

　　going　句意：这些情况下俱乐部成员不得不努力组织募捐活动和筹集资金保证运动会的进行。keep doing“一直做……”。

　　(2016·福建福州十三中期中考He saw the stone，________(say)to himself...

　　4．saying　句意：他看着那块石头心想：……。根据句子结构可知此处用非谓语动词形式和say是主动关系须用现在分词。

　　(2016·湖南衡阳八中二模)By chance Elizabeth saw Darcy's and Wickham's faces at the moment when they caught sight of each other________(astonish)at the effect of the meeting.

　　5．astonished　句意： 就在他们互相见面的时候伊丽莎白碰巧看见了达西和威克姆的脸；她对会面的结果很吃惊。根据句意可知表示人的心理状态用过去分词形式。

　　(2016·江西南昌高三联考)We should try every effort

　　________(prevent) violence happening at school

　　6．to prevent　句意：我们应该竭尽全力来防止校园暴力的发生……。try every effort“尽一切努力”后面接不定式作目的状语。

　　(2015·河南开封高三二They can choose ________(live) in many environments and in a wide variety of ways.

　　7．to live　句意：他们可以选择生活在多种环境中以不同的方式生活。choose后跟动词不定式作宾语选择做某事”。

　　(2015·江西九江高三一模)As usual________(expect) to hear from him later that evening or the next day.

　　8．expecting　句意：通常我需要留个言热切希望能在那天晚上晚些时候或是第二天收到他的来信。逗号前是完整的句子所以动词expect在此应该用非谓语动词形式；其逻辑主语与句子主语I一致且二者之间是主动关系故用现在分词。

　　(2015·山东肥城二中1月月考)Halfway through his talk________(create) a group activity.

　　9．to create　句意：在他的讲话到一半的时候演讲者停了下来决定搞一个集体活动。decide后跟动词不定式作宾语决定做某事”。

　　(2015·广西柳州、钦州、北海高三1月模拟)Before leaving________(play) with the students there.

　　10．playing　句意：在离开之前我们花了半个小时的时间和那儿的学生们一起玩。spend...(in)doing sth.“花费……做某事”。

　　(2015·广西I was surprised ________(see) you're taking this class.

　　11．to see　句意：看到你也在上这个课我很惊讶。be surprised to do sth.“做某事很惊讶”。

　　(2015·山东淄博高三一摸底)I opened the door and saw him ________(stand) there and I didn't believe my eyes at first.

　　standing　句意：我打开门看到他站在那里。我一开始都不敢相信自己的眼睛。see sb.doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。

　　一、非谓语动词的各种形式

　　非谓语动词根据其表示的动作的发

　　非谓语动词 形式

　　不定式 一般式：to do/to be done

　　进行式：to be doing

　　完成式：to have done/to have been done

　　否定式：not/never to do

　　形式 一般式：doing/being done

　　完成式：having done/having been done

　　否定式：not doing

　　形式 否定式：not done

　　非谓语动词的一般式表示与句子谓语动词同时或之后发生的动作；非谓语动词的完成式表示在句子谓语动词之前发生的动作。

　　He is said to be studying abroad now.

　　The students went out of the classroom，laughing and talking.

　　Having finished my homework，I went to bed.

　　二、非谓语动词的句法功能

　　非谓语动词作主语

　　作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。

　　用法

　　不定式 往往表示一次性的、具体的动作；表目的

　　常用it作形式主语而把不定式后置

　　动名词 表示一般或抽象的行为

　　有时也可用it作形式主语但仅限于几个句型

　　It is a great honor to be invited to speak here.

　　Playing the piano is my hobby.

　　it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/good doing...useful doing...，It is a waste of time doing...等句式里。

　　非谓语动词作宾语

　　作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语如作介词宾语不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。

　　(1)只跟不定式作宾语的动词

　　ould like，set out等。

　　I can't afford to take a holiday this summer because of the project.

　　He gave us some advice on how to remember English idioms.

　　(2)只跟动名词作宾语的动词

　　ate，avoid，enjoy，delay，deny，can't help，consider，miss，fancy，finish，forbid，practise，imagine，suggest，escape，resist，risk，mind，feel like，insist on，set about等。

　　It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped being killed in a traffic accident.

　　o you feel like going out for a walk?

　　(3)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可且意义差别不大的动词

　　等这些动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。

　　He likes to have a walk after dinnerhis evening.

　　She started playing/to play the violin when she was four.

　　She intended coming/to come back soon.

　　He continued studying/to study as if nothing had happened.

　　(4)跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同但形式不同的动词

　　作“需要”讲时want，require后接形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同但是形式用主动式不定式用被动式。

　　Your T­shirt needs washing/to be washed.

　　(5)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可但是意义不同的动词

　　We'll try to improve our studying method.

　　I tried writing but didn't succeed.

　　mean

　　I meant to go，but my teacher would not allow me to.

　　Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.

　　forget/remember

　　Remember to post this letter for me after school.

　　I forgot telling her the time of the meeting.

　　regret

　　I regret to inform you that you didn't pass the exam.

　　I don't regret telling her what I thought of her.

　　go on

　　After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.

　　He shouldn't go on living this way.

　　can't help

　　Mum，I can't help(to)wash the clothes today，because I have a lot of homework to do.

　　Upon seeing the old pictures，I can't help thinking of my childhood.

　　(6)动词不定式在介词but后面时如果介词前面有行为动词do的某种形式(does)，那么介词后的不定式不带to否则就要带to。

　　Tina could do nothing but sell her beautiful long hair to buy her husband a present—a gold watch chain.

　　Tim had no choice but to sell his gold watch to buy his wife a comb.

　　非谓语动词作表语

　　作表语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

　　非谓语动词 用法

　　不定式 表示某一特定行为尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为

　　动名词 不强调动作只说明动作的名称或主语的内容

　　现在分词 表示主语具有的特征

　　过 表示主语的感受或所处的状态

　　My wish is to be a scientist.

　　What she likes is watching the children play.

　　The reason he gave was very convincing.

　　He is shocked at what happened to his son.

　　非谓语动词作补足语

　　作补足语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。

　　非谓语动词 用法

　　不定式 表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性

　　现在分词 表示一个主动、正在进行的动作

　　过去分词 表示一个被动或完成的动作

　　The mother urged the little boy to go to bed.

　　I caught him reading my private letters.

　　He went home happily with his homework finished.

　　表示“看”(look at)，“听”(listen to)，“感觉”(feel)意义的动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语但在被动语态中要加上to。使役动词make在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语在被动语态中要加上to。

　　让某人一直做

　　留下某事未做

　　留下某人做某事

　　th.to be done留下某事要做

　　让某事由别人去做

　　让/使某人持续做

　　让/使某人开始做

　　使/让某人去做某事

　　使/让某人一直做

　　使/让某事被做

　　非谓语动词作定语

　　作定语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去

　　非谓语动词作后置定语的三种被动形式：

　　名词＋to be done表将来　the meeting to be held tomorrow

　　名词＋done 表过去和完成　the house built years ago

　　名词＋being done表进行　the meat being cooked now

　　非谓语动词 用法

　　不定式 一般位于被

　　动名词 一般位于被修饰词之前说明被修饰词的用途

　　现在分词 表示主动、正在进行的意义

　　过去分词 表示被动、完成的意义

　　Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in the hall?

　　Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.

　　There is much that can be done about the problem arising from carelessness.

　　Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.

　　作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态但其含义有所不同。试比较：

　　你有衣服要to wash的动作执行者是“你”)

　　ave you got any clothes to be washed?

　　你有衣服要(我或别人)洗吗？

　　(不定式to be washed的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)

　　名词ability等及有序数词修饰的名词后多用不定式作定语。作定语的不定式若是不及物动词其后需搭配适当的介词。

　　I haven't got a chance to go abroad.

　　非谓语动词作状语

　　作状语的可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词。

　　非谓语动词 用法

　　不定式 一般式表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系且含有将来意义

　　可表示原因、目的、结果等

　　表示目的可置于句首表示原因、结果置于句中

　　表示结果时一般含有出人意料之意和前句之间往往有因果关系

　　现在分词 分词表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系且含有进行意义

　　可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等

　　表示结果置于句末其他情况置于句末、句首均可

　　表示结果时含有“顺其自然而产生”之意和前句之间往往有因果关系

　　过去分词 分词表示的动作与句子主语有被动关系且含有完成意义

　　可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等置于句首、句末均可

　　To pass the college entrance exam

　　I was surprised to find him here.

　　Being busy，she didn't reply to her father's letter.

　　Having been told the meeting was cancelled，I went home after work.

　　The plane crashed，killing all the people on board.

　　Born into a poor family，he had only two years of schooling.

　　Encouraged by his teacher，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.

　　有些分词或不定式短语作状语其generally speaking“一般说来”；frankly speaking “坦率地说”；judging from/by“根据……来判断”；to tell you the truth“说实话”；to be frank“说实话”；considering...“考虑到……”；supposing“假设”；given“假设”；provided/providing...“如果……”。

　　表示意想不到的结果...“太……而不能……”如此……以至于……”(for sb.)to...“(对某人来说)足够做某事”等是几种常用不定式表示结果的结构。

　　三、非谓语动词的独立主格结构

　　非谓语动词作状语时其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致即句子主语必须是非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或承受者。但有时候无论非谓语动词采用哪种形式都不能使其逻辑主语与句子主语一/代词＋不定式/现在分词/过去分词”形式的独立结构。

　　独立主格结构的特点是：独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的不定式、现在分词、过去分词是逻辑的主谓或动宾关系；独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。

　　名词/代词＋to do

　　动作没有发生表示动作即将发生。

　　With so much homework to do

　　名词/代词＋形式

　　两者之间是主动关系或表示动作正在进行。

　　The students seating themselves

　　名词/代词＋形式

　　两者之间是被动关系或表示动作已结束。

　　Her glasses broken

　　语法填空

　　(小妖精) who lived in a forest.They spent a lot of their time __1__(make) fun of a poor old man who could now hardly move

　　The situation became so extreme that Great Wizard decided __2__(teach) the goblins a lesson.He cast a spell，and from that moment，every insult __3__(direct) at the old man made the old man better，but had the opposite effect __4__ the goblin who was doing the insulting.Of course，the goblins knew nothing about __5__ was happening.The more they called the man an “old fool”，the __6__(young) of mind he became，while the goblin __7__ had shouted at him aged rapidly，and became a little more foolish.

　　As time went on，those evil goblins were becoming terribly old，ugly，stupid，and clumsy without even __8__(realize) it.Finally，the Great Wizard allowed the goblins __9__(see) themselves，and __10__(surprise) they saw that they had turned into the disgusting creatures.

　　1．making　spend time(in)doing...“花时间做……”是固定搭配。

　　to teach　decide后跟动词不定式作宾语。

　　directed　insult与direct是被动关系故填过去分词作定语。

　　on　have effect on...“对……有影响”是固定搭配。

　　what　要填的词是宾语从句的引导词而且在从句中作主语指事物所以填what。

　　younger　此处是“the＋比较级．..＋比较级．..”结构。

　　who/that　所填词引导定语从句并在从句中作主语先行词是the goblin故填who或that。

　　realizing　位于介词without之

　　9．to see　allow后用带to的不定式作补足语允许某人做某事”。

　　surprisingly　作句子状语意为“使人吃惊地；出人意料地”故填副词surprisingly。

　　短文改错

　　is in the center of the city，but it is easy go to anywhere from the hotel by bus.

　　We lived in comfortable double­room with a big bath.That I liked best was the free high­speed Internet connection in the room.I checked many email message every day.I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Nanjing.The food was wonderfully with reasonable prices and we enjoyed several local dishes.

　　It is such a great hotel that I'll recommend it to any friend of mine gone to Nanjing.

　　Last month my brother and I visited Nanjing and we

　　at the Central Hotel for a week.It is in the center of the city， it is easygo anywhere from the hotel by bus.

　　We lived incomfortable double­room with a big bath. I liked best was the free high­speed Internet connection in the room.I checked many email

　　every day.I also shared

　　my friends many photos

　　in Nanjing.The food was

　　with reasonable prices and we enjoyed several local dishes.

　　It is such a great hotel that I'll recommend it to any friend of mine

　　to Nanjing.

　　1．根据时间状语last month判断此处应用一般过去时。

　　根据上下文可知前后名为并列关系而非转折关系。

　　根据句子结构可知此处用不定式作句子的真正主语动词go前加to构成不定式。

　　4double­room是可数名词前面无限定词根据语意应加a。

　　主语从句中缺少liked的宾语故应用What。

　　是可数名词由many修饰应用复数形式。

　　和某人分享”。

　　是take的动作承受者应用过去分词作后置定语。

　　后应用形容词作表语。

　　根据句子结构可知此处需用非谓语动词修饰名词friend；再分析句意可知此处泛指去南京的朋友须用动词的现在分词形式。

　　语法填空

　　__1__(get) a good education may be the most important price you can pay__2__ that huge gray material between your ears will determine your future.These words __3__(actual) describe millions of people worldwide who choose to limit their potential ability by not __4__(widen) their education.

　　A person is much more likely to have better job __5__(offer)，more successful career，and a higher yearly salary with a __6__(good) education.This，in turn would allow for a much better lifestyle.

　　Our generation will become the doctors，lawyers，teachers and leaders of tomorrow.__7__(do) this successfully，a higher level of education is very important！A higher education will mean a better lifestyle__8__(adjust) to new technologies，and a various life.Our world cannot afford any __9__(use) potential.

　　We must crave learning.This，in turn，will pay for not only our future but also will help to insure success for those __10__ follow.

　　1．Getting　所填词在句中作句子主语故用动名词。

　　with　do with是固定短语意为“处理”与what搭配使用。

　　actually　作状语修饰动词describe意为“实际上”故用副词。

　　widening　在介词by后用动名词形式。

　　offers　根据后面的career等判断本空应为名词是可数名词此处是泛指用复数形式。

　　better　根据前后的higher判断本空填比较级better。

　　To do　动词不定式作目的状语。

　　to adjust　ability后通常用不定式作定语表示“做……的能力”。

　　unused　作名词potential的定语与其是被动关系而且表示“未被使用的”意义故填unused。

　　who　引导定语从句作主语修饰指人的those故填who。

　　短文改错

　　well as his wife was taken a walk along the seashore.Suddenly he heard cry “Help！Help！” Following the direction of the crys he could.Finally he was able to grasp the man by the arm and pulled him from the waves until he reached the shore.His wife ran up to help the man.He was too exciting to say a word.All the people there crowd around Mr.Smith.They cheered him up and raised him in the air.

　　Mr.Smith is a traffic policeman， works very hard.One day，Mr.Smith as well as his wife was

　　a walk along the seashore.Suddenly he heardcry，“Help！Help！” Following the direction of the cry man struggling in the water.Without ，he threw off his coat，jumped into the waves，and swam to the man

　　fast as he could.Finally he was able to grasp the man by the arm and pulled him

　　the waves until he reached the shore.His wife ran up to help the man.He was too

　　to say a word.All the people there

　　around Mr.Smith.They cheered him

　　and raised him in the air.

　　1．定语从句的先行词是policeman应用who引导非限制性定语从句。

　　分析句子结构可知此处指史密斯先生与妻子沿着海岸散步为过去进行时的主动语态而不能用被动语态。

　　为名词前应加不定冠词故在其前加a。

　　此处是指正在溺水的男士应用现在分词形式。

　　为介词后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。

　　某人尽可能……”。

　　穿越海浪”。

　　8分析句意可知此处指史密斯先生的心理状态故用­ed式形容词。

　　这是在讲述发生在过去的事情应用过去式。

　　欢呼”加油”根据句意可知up多余。

　　语法填空

　　__1__(name) Chuck Noland.Chuck is a businessman.When he is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean，his plane crashes.He __2__(final) lands on a deserted island where he has to learn to survive all alone.Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how __3__(survive) without friends.In order to survive，Chuck develops a friendship with __4__ unusual friend—a volleyball called Wilson.

　　During his five years on the island，Chuck learns how to be a good friend to Wilson.Even though Wilson is just a volleyball，he is fond of __5__(play) with him.He talks to him and treats him as a friend.Chuck learns that he needs friends to share __6__(happy) and sorrow，and that it is important to have someone __7__(care) about.He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.Most of our friends are human beings，but we also make friends with animals and even things.__8__ example，many of us have pets，and we all have favorite objects such as a lucky pen __9__ a diary.The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have __10__(usual) friends is that friends are teachers.

　　1．named　a man与name之间是被动关系故填过去分词作定语。

　　finally　作时间状语意为“最后终于”finally。

　　to survive　“疑问词＋动词不定式”是固定结构。

　　an　泛指“一个朋友”用不定冠词前有unusual修饰故本空填an。

　　playing　be fond of doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。

　　happiness　作share的宾语与名词sorrow并列本空应填名词happiness。

　　to care　someone后是其定语表示“关心的人”；根据前面的have判断填动词不定式。

　　For　for example是固定短语意为“例如”。

　　or　根据表示列举的such as判断与a diary是供选择的故填连词or。

　　unusual　修饰名词friends再由上文判断填unusual。

　　短文改错

　　Dear Aron

　　I'm writing to tell you we had found a new apartment for you.The building is only 500 meters away to our school，with a bank on its right or a gym on its left.Across it is a supermarket.Besides，it will be convenient for you get around the city because a bus stop is right in the front of the building.

　　The apartment measures 40 square meters，included a bedroom，a sitting room，a kitchen and a bathroom.They have made sure that it is equipped with basic things needing in everyday life，such as the refrigerator，the TV set and the coffeemaker.Which is great news is that free Wi­Fi is provided.

　　Please write back and tell us if it is nicely enough.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　Dear Aron，

　　I'm writing to tell you we

　　found a new apartment for you.The building is only 500 meters away

　　our school，with a bank on its right

　　a gym on its left.Across it is a supermarket.Besides，it will be convenient for youget around the city because a bus stop is right in

　　front of the building.

　　The apartment measures 40 square meters， a bedroom，a sitting room，a kitchen and a bathroom. have made sure that it is equipped with basic things

　　in everyday life，such as the refrigerator，the TV set and the coffeemaker. is great news is that free Wi­Fi is provided.

　　Please write back and tell us if it is

　　enough.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　1．根据语境可知此处应该用现在完成时。

　　＋距离＋away from表示“距离……多远”。

　　前后分句之间为并列关系

　　4．分析句子结构可知此处不能用动词原形而须用动词不定式作真正的主语。

　　在……的前面”在……(内部的)前面”根据语境应是“在……的前面”。

　　为介词放在名词或代词前面；included一般放在名词或代词之后。

　　全文人称都是we所以此处也应是we。

　　分析句意可知此处的things与need为被动关系。

　　主语从句中缺少主语在主语从句中一般作定语应用what引导主语从句。

　　后应用形容词作表语。

　　语法填空

　　__1__(effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.

　　__2__(compare) with other forms of writing，it is shorter and takes __3__(little) time.It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English.If we persist in this practice，gradually we'll learn how to express __4__(us) in English.In keeping a diary in English，we certainly run up against many difficulties.In __5__ first place，it often happens that we have trouble __6__(find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind.Secondly，there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese.And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English __7__(proper)．

　　__8__(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese­English dictionary within easy reach.Whenever something beats us，we can first put it down in our notebook __9__ then consult our dictionary.We can also turn to our English teacher for help，if necessary.In short，I believe that it is __10__ great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.

　　1．effective　修饰名词ways用形容词。

　　Compared　compared with/to“与……相比”是固定用法常在句中作状语。

　　less　根据前面的shorter判断填比较级less表示“更短花时间更少”。

　　ourselves　express oneself“表达自己的观点/感ourselves。

　　the　从后面的secondly可以判断出这里要表示顺序所以first前用定冠词。

　　finding　have trouble(in)doing sth.“做某事有麻烦/困难”是固定短语。

　　properly　修饰动词put...into...用副词表示方式。

　　suggestion　空格前面有形容词性物主代词suggestion；而且由is可知要用单数形式。

　　and　 根据then判断前后两个动作是递进关系填and。

　　of　“be of＋名词”是固定用法其意义相当于该名词的同根形容词；be of great use相当于be greatly useful。

　　短文改错

　　nkful to.I got to know him when I started with school.He has been with me ever since.Though he looks seriously，he is really fun as you get close him.He is quiet or knowledgeable.He knows every language in the world，all the event in history and the thoughts of great scientists.

　　My friend is patience.I am slow in understanding，but I can turn to him whenever I have a question.When I am tiring，he makes me relaxing.When I am lonely，he stays with me silently.When I am sad，he cheers me up.Shall I tell you who he is？His name is “READ”．

　　a special one I'm most thankful to.I got to know him when I started

　　school.He has been with me ever since.Though he looks ，he is really fun as you get closehim.He is quiet

　　knowledgeable.He knows every language in the world，all the

　　in history and the thoughts of great scientists.

　　My friend is .I am slow in understanding，but I can turn to him whenever I have a question.When I am ，he makes me .When I am lonely，he stays with me silently.When I am sad，he cheers me up.Shall I tell you who he is？His name is “”．

　　句子的主语是a special one故谓语动词

　　2．start是及物动词直接跟school作宾语。

　　是系动词后跟形容词作表语。

　　靠近”。

　　前后两个形容词是并列关系不是选择关系故用并列连词and。

　　是可数名词由其前的all提示可知应用复数形式。

　　系动词后应跟形容词作表语。

　　分析句意可知此处指主语的心理状态故用­ed形式的形容词。

　　让我放松”。

　　根据his name可知后面是名词而read是动词

　　语法填空

　　__1__(reply) to a text message or checking my Facebook，WeChat on __2__ mobile phone.Before long，it was easy for me __3__(get) tired.The more I texted during the day，the __4__(poor) my sleep was.I couldn't even focus on my study.

　　My friend told me that people __5__ can't help checking their phones all day are known as phubbers(低头族)．Phubbing trends not only involve the young people__6__ elderly.Soon，I found a slogan on a website as follows: stop twittering，stop posting photos...

　　__7__(thankful)，I realized there was actually an outside world.My __8__(divide) attention could keep me from what is truly important.Now，I can use the phone without __9__(feel) like a drug addict.I have more time __10__(enjoy) real­life activities.Use your cell phone and don't let it use you.

　　1．replying　resist后跟动名词作宾语。

　　the　on the mobile phone“在手机上”是特指。

　　to get　it是形式主语本空所填

　　4．poorer　由前面的the more判断填poorer本句为“the＋比较级．..＋比较级．..”句式。

　　who/that　本空引导定语从句修饰先行词people并在从句中作主语故用who或that。

　　the　形容词前用定冠词表示一类人老年人”。

　　Thankfully　作句子状语意为“幸亏Thankfully。

　　divided　作attention的定语与attention之间是被动关系故填divided表示“被分散了的精力”。

　　feeling　位于介词后用动名词形式。

　　to enjoy　have more time to do sth.“有更多的时间去做某事”动词不定式作定语。

　　短文改错

　　Manners are important to happy relations among people.No one liked a person with bad manners.Have good manners is seen by many people as a sign of cultural understanding and good taste.Polite words are one of the example.When meet people！” or “How are you？” and so on means you are very polite

　　All in all，it is polite words that will make your life becoming convenient.

　　Manners are important to happy relations among people.No one

　　a person with bad manners. good manners is seen by many people as a sign of cultural understanding and good taste.Polite words are one of the .When

　　people，saying “Hello！” or “How are you？” and so on means you are very polite easy for you to communicate with others.，other people will hate

　　on with you and your life will become .Only by

　　polite words can you get on well with others.

　　All in all，it is polite words that will make your life

　　convenient.

　　1．根据语境应用一般现在时主语是no one应用第三人称单数。

　　分析句子结构可知后面有系动词is此处应该为句子的主语须用动名词。

　　＋名词复数“……中之一”名词应用复数。

　　与现在分词连用作时间状语。

　　＋形容词＋不定式”为固定句型其中it为形式宾语真正的宾语为后面的不定式。

　　根据句意可知此处表示“否则”。

　　根据句子结构可知前面已经有了动词hate此处须用非谓语动词；根据hate的搭配可知此处用动名词作宾语。

　　后跟形容词作表语。

　　是介词后面须接名词或动名词表示方式。

　　ake sb.do...“使某人做……”此处用省略to的不定式即动词原形。