2017届河南省鄢陵高考英语十月阅读理解语法填空训练：6（含解析）

　　河南鄢陵2017高考英语十月阅读理解语法填空训练（6）及答案

　　【2016模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(2015·江苏)

　　In the United States alone，over 100 million cell­phones are thrown away each year.Cell­phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.

　　Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so­called e­waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

　　Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.

　　Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell­phone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

　　The U．S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production，distribution，and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance，buying reusable products and recycling.

　　In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

　　Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?

　　From the governments' point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax­payers back to the producers.

　　文章大意：文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。

　　1．By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that________.

　　A．the weight of e­goods is rather small

　　B．e­waste deserves to be made good use of

　　C．natural minerals contain more precious metals

　　D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e­waste

　　答案：B　推断判断题。结合第二段第一句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.”可知，该段主要讲述电子设备中包含有很多贵重的金属；下文引用瑞士的研究进一步论证电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量比自然矿产中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告诉我们电子垃圾应该得到很好的利用。故正确答案为B。

　　．The responsibility of e­waste treatment should be extended________.

　　A．from producers to governments

　　B．from governments to producers

　　C．from individuals to distributors

　　D．from distributors to governments

　　答案：B　细节理解题。结合文章最后一句“...a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax­payers back to the producers.”可知，电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产者。故正确答案为B。

　　3．What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A．The increase in e­waste.

　　B．The creation of e­waste.

　　C．The seriousness of e­waste.

　　D．The management of e­waste.

　　答案：D　主旨大意题。本文从电子垃圾与日俱增这一现象出发，分析了电子垃圾治理的必要性，并对一些国家政府将电子垃圾治理的责任延伸到生产者这一考虑进行评述。由此可知，本文通篇是围绕着电子垃圾治理这一话题展开的。故正确答案为D。

　　阅读理解 (2017·北京市朝阳区第一学期期末统一考试)

　　Mr Peter Johnson，aged twenty­three，battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water.He took the only escape route—through the boot.

　　Mr Johnson’s car had ended up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.“Fortunately，the water began to come in only slowly，” Mr Johnson said.“I couldn’t force the doors open because they were jammed against the wails of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”

　　Mr Johnson，a sweet salesman of Sitting Home，Kent，first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn (笛) and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.

　　Later he said，“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot.I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear，but no help came.”

　　It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat，and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot.Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot

　　lock.Fifteen minutes passed by.“It was the only chance I had.Finally_it_gave，but as soon as I moved the boot lid，the water and mud poured in.I forced the lid down into the mud and climbed

　　up clear as the car filled up.”

　　His hands and arms cut and bruised，Mr Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby.Huddled in a

　　blanket，he said，“That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were

　　visible，police said last night.The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the

　　ditch.

　　1．Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr Johnson?

　　A．The hammer.B．The coin.

　　C．The seat.D．The horn.

　　2．We know from the passage that________.

　　A．Mr Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down

　　B．Mr Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road

　　C．Mr Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat

　　D．Mr

　　Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam

　　3．“Finally it gave” in Paragraph 5 means that________.

　　A．at last the wrench went broken

　　B．the chance was lost at the last minute

　　C．the lock came open after all his efforts

　　D．luckily the door was torn away in the end

　　4．What is the best title for this newspaper article?

　　A．Driver Escapes through Car Boot

　　B．The Story of Mr Johnson，a Sweet Salesman

　　C．The Driver Survived a Terrible Car Accident

　　D．Car Boot Can Serve as the Best Escape Route

　　【参考答案】阅读理解

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇资讯报道。文章主要讲述了Mr Johnson在自己的车意外坠入三英尺深的沟渠后如何自救逃生的故事。

　　1．解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段Mr Johnson所说的话“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only coin I had in my pocket”可知，是一枚硬币(coin)救了他的命，硬币对他极其重要。

　　答案：　B2．解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Mr Johnson’s car had ended up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.”可推知，可能是由于路滑导致了这起事故。

　　答案：　B

　　3．解析：　句意理解题。根据第五段第二句“Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot

　　lock.”可知，文中画线的it指的是“the boot lock”，此处指他打开了锁。

　　答案：　C

　　4．解析：　标题概括题。根据对文章的整体理解和第一段的概述可知，本文主要讲的是一位司机在意外坠入三英尺深的沟渠后如何自救逃生的故事，故选A项。

　　答案：　A

　　In the late 1990s, a family visited the school where I taught deaf students. They said they would be moving here and planned to send their deaf daughter to my school as a first grader. They were upset that their child’s kindergarten teacher told them not to have high hopes for her. The teacher painted a bleak (暗淡的) picture for their little girl’s future. Standing behind them was Katherine, a beautiful five-year-old with long hair and dark eyes. The whole time her parents were there she didn’t make a sound or use sign language, even when her parents asked her to do so.

　　After a few weeks with Katherine, I discovered I was dealing with a very bright child. Although I was able to make her join in different learning activities, writing was always a struggle. I tried all kinds of methods to interest her in writing. Every time the pencils came out, she would refuse to write.

　　One day Katherine got off her bus and stood in front of the school crying. The teachers there did not know enough sign language to ask her what happened. Finally they led her into the office where they handed her a pen and a piece of paper. Katherine wrote: “PAC BAK.” Immediately the teachers realized she left her backpack on the bus. They called the bus driver back to school and soon Katherine got her backpack back.

　　That day Katherine discovered the power of the pen. From then on she fell in love with writing. She is a young woman now and has become an excellent writer, public speaker and student leader.

　　1. When the author first met her, Katherine _____.

　　A. kept silent                

　　B. kept crying

　　C. was studying          

　　D. was unhappy

　　2. What was Katherine’s problem after a few weeks with the author?

　　A. She didn’t like to write at all.

　　B. She couldn’t use sign language.

　　C. She always left her backpack on the bus.

　　D. She had no interest in learning activities.

　　3. What’s the meaning of “Katherine discovered the power of the pen”?

　　A. Katherine used a pen for the first time.

　　B. Katherine became interested in writing.

　　C. Katherine understood how to use the pen. D. Katherine knew what the pen was used for.

　　 (学校生活)本文是记叙文。文章介绍了聋哑儿童凯瑟琳如何开始对写作感兴趣。

　　1. A。细节理解题。根据第一段的The whole time her parents were there she didn’t make a sound or use sign language, even when her parents asked her to do so可知，作者第一次见凯瑟琳的时候，她一直保持沉默。

　　2. A。细节理解题。根据第二段的writing was always a struggle ... Every time the pencils came out, she would refuse to write可知，与凯瑟琳相处几周后，作者发现她一直抗拒写作。

　　3. B。推理判断题。根据最后一段的From then on she fell in love with writing可知，从凯瑟琳的书包失而复得那天起，她发现了笔的力量。如今的她已成为一名优秀的作家、演讲家和学生领导者。由此可知，从那天起她对写作产生了兴趣。

　　(2017·四川省绵阳市第三次诊断)

　　Chelyabinsk，Russia—A meteorite (陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Feb.15,2017，raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.

　　People heading

　　to work

　　in

　　Chelyabinsk

　　heard

　　what sounded like an explosion，saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave，according to a Reuters journalist in the industrial city 1,500 km east of Moscow.

　　The fireball，travelling at a speed of 30 km per second according to Russian space agency Roscosmos，had blazed (熊熊燃烧) across the horizon，leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200 km away.

　　Car alarms went off，thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time.The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion，a very rare spectacle，also released a great explosive sound.

　　“I was driving to work.It was quite dark，but it suddenly became bright as if it were day，” said Viktor Prokofiev,36，a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains.“I felt like I was blinded by headlights.”

　　The meteorite，which weighed about 10 tonnes and may have been made of iron，entered Earth’s atmosphere and broke apart 30 km­50 km above ground according to Russia’s

　　Academy of Sciences.

　　“The

　　energy

　　released

　　when

　　it

　　entered

　　the

　　Earth’s atmosphere was equal to a few kilotonnes，” the academy said，“the power of a small atomic weapon exploding.”

　　No deaths were reported but the Emergencies Ministry said

　　20,000 rescue and clean­up workers were sent to Urals Region after President Vladimir Putin

　　told Emergencies

　　Minister Vladimir Puchkov to ease and help the victims.

　　The Interior Ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured，at least 200 of them children，and most from broken pieces of glass.

　　1．What do we learn about the meteorite from the passage?

　　A．It is a very huge ball made of

　　iron.

　　B．It quickly broke apart on the ground.

　　C．It exploded over Russia’s Urals Region.

　　D．It’s similar to an A­bomb in weight.．The underlined word “smashed” in Para.1 is closest in meaning to “________”．

　　A．brokeB．melted

　　C．swallowed D．cleared

　　．We can know from the passage that ________.

　　A．Moscow is 1,500 kilometers away from the east of Chelyabinsk

　　B．many houses were destroyed，with lots of people reported missing

　　C．Viktor Prokofiev became blind after seeing the rare spectacle

　　D．the shock wave briefly influenced mobile phone networks

　　4．Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?

　　A．“Meteorite Rush” Begins in Russia

　　B．President Putin Orders Assistance

　　C．Meteorite Hits Russia,1,200 People Hurt

　　D．Meteorite Flies Quickly Across Russia

　　语篇解读　文章报道了陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸，导致1 200人受伤的事件。

　　．解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“exploded over central Russia on Feb.15,2017”以及倒数第二段中的“rescue and clean­up workers were sent to Urals Region”可知，陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸。

　　答案：　C

　　．解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people”以及第四段中的“thousands of windows were broken”可推知smashed与broke的意思最接近。

　　答案：　A

　　．解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time”可知D项正确。

　　答案：　D

　　．解析：　主旨大意题。第一段是本则资讯的主旨，C项既点明了事件主题“陨石袭击俄罗斯”，又报道了其后果“1 200人受伤”，所以选C项。

　　答案：　C

　　广东省2017语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1的相应位置上。Scientists have developed a non-stick chewing gum. The new gum can _1_____ (remove) easily from pavements, shoes and clothes. It’s the result of polymer (聚合体) research at the University of Bristol and could be launched commercially in 2008. ______ it catches on(流行), the product will solve _____ major headache for present authorities around the world.

　　“The advantage of our Clean Gum is that _4_______ has a great taste, it is easy to remove and has the potential to be __5________ (environment) degradable (可降解的),” said Terence Cosgrove, a professor of chemistry __

　　___ helped to found a company called Revolymer to commercialize the technology.

　　Today’s chewing gums are made from synthetic(人工制造的) latex(植物的乳汁), which is resistant _____ the weather and is strongly sticky. The new gum adds a special polymer to modify(修改，改变) its properties(特性), _

　　_____ (make) it far __9

　　___ sticky.

　　In two street trials, other commercial gums remained stuck to the pavement ___10

　　___ Clean Gum came away(脱掉，脱落) naturally in all cases. 11）

　　6. be removed

　　2. If

　　3. a

　　4. it

　　5. environmentally

　　6. who

　　7. to

　　8. making

　　9. less

　　10. while

　　语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】

　　If the population of the Earth keeps on__1__(increase) at its present rate，there will__2__(event) not be enough resources left to support life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century，if present trends continue，we__3__(use) up all the oil that drive our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on Earth will make it__4__(necessity) for us to look for somewhere else. But__5__of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem，__6__， has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagarn believes that__7__ the Earth's resources are completely__8__(exhaust)，it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and__9__create a new world almost as large as Earth itself. Something is difficult. Venus is much hotter than the Earth. __10__， there is only a tiny amount of water there.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：1.increasing　2.eventually　3.will have used　4.necessary　5.none　6.however　7.before　8.exhausted　9.therefore　10.Besides