2017版高考英语北师大版《名师伴你行》一轮复习课时作业：21《Human Biology》（含解析）

　　课时作业(二十一)　Human Biology

　　A卷

　　Ⅰ.单句语法填空

　　1．As we all know，an _______meeting is held _______.(annual)

　　2．I could ________(work) out the problem，but I was too nervous.

　　3．The high cost of equipment ________(prohibition) many people from taking up this sport.

　　4．Make sure all plans must be ________(submit) by Tuesday.

　　5．I don't know how you can ________(tolerance) that noise.

　　6．If mother ________(tell) me the truth when I was young，I would not make such mistakes so often now.

　　7．Without your help，he ____________(make) such rapid progress.

　　8．________ it ________(turn) out to be windy and snowy tomorrow，we would have to cancel the picnic.

　　9．This is a modern，bright and well ________hospital，and its ________is of the first level.(equip)

　　10．The headmaster would have attended the meeting，but his plane ________(delay)．

　　答案：

　　1．annual；annually　2.have worked　3.prohibits

　　4．submitted　5.tolerate　6.had told　7.wouldn't have made　8.Should；turn　9.equipped；equipment

　　10．was delayed

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．Two robbers __________________(被认为抢劫了一位富翁) last week.

　　2．______________(如果没有) the war，people ___________(将会过着) a better life then.

　　3．Nowadays ________________________(对我们学生来说很重要) to master a foreign language.

　　4．Before boarding the plane，we should ___________(检查一下我们的行李)．

　　5．The sweater she bought was beautiful _______(而不是便宜)．

　　答案：

　　1．were believed to have robbed a millionaire　2.If there hadn't been；would have lived　3.it is important for us students　4.have our luggage checked　5.rather than cheap

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　(2015·兰州双基过关考试)It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible.Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel.It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.

　　Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense.It takes the most cool­headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving.On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting.A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions.But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough.Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.

　　However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.

　　An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship(公路驾车技能)．Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the ear ownership would demand more give­and­take(互谅互让) from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

　　1．The passage mainly talks about________.

　　A．traffic jamsB．good manners

　　C．road politeness

　　D．modern drivers

　　2．Troubles on the road are often caused by________.

　　A．traffic jams

　　B．the behavior of the drivers

　　C．the great speed of modern life

　　D．terrible road conditions

　　3．According to the writer, a good driver should ________.

　　A．encourage children to cross the road whenever they want to

　　B．beat back when forced to face rude driving

　　C．be able to recognize politeness when he sees it

　　D．join in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel

　　4．It is not always right for drivers to________.

　　A．master the roadmanship

　　B．neglect politeness when they see it

　　C．give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness

　　D．encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to

　　答案：

　　解题导语：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讨论了行车礼貌的问题。

　　1．C　解析：主旨大意题。根据全文的整体内容可知，本文主要讨论了驾驶员行车礼貌的问题，故选C项。

　　2．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible.”可推知，路上的麻烦大多是由驾驶员的不良行为引起的，行车礼貌问题正变得可怕，故选B项。

　　3．C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句“But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.”可推知，一个好的驾驶员应该能够认可道路礼貌行为，故选C项。

　　4．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句“However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.”和最后一句“The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.”可知，鼓动老妇人随时随地地穿马路并不总是正确的，故选D项。

　　Ⅳ.阅读填空

　　(2016·山西省高三联考)

　　How to protect your ears

　　You and your friends are leaving a concert on a Friday night.When you get outside，your ears are ringing.You have to shout to be heard.__1__So no harm done...right?

　　Not quite.Temporary buzzing may be easy to ignore，but repeated exposure to loud noise will eventually cause serious—and irreversible(无法治愈的)—hearing loss.A new study conducted by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston shows that one in five people between the ages of 12 and 19 are experiencing slight hearing loss，and one in 20 have mild hearing loss.__2__

　　But the good news is that there are plenty of ways you can protect your ears from further damage—and still listen to the music you love：

　　Ask around.Put your earbuds in or your headphones on，and then ask a friend next to you whether or not he or she can hear what you're listening to.__3__Turn it down.

　　Buy noise­canceling headphones.A pair of earbuds or headphones that fits comfortably will limit outside noise so that you can hear your music better at lower volumes.

　　Take breaks.__4__So when listening to music，take your headphones off for 15 or 20 minutes and let your ears enjoy the quiet.

　　__5__You can buy a cheap pair at any drugstore as an easy way to lower volume at concerts—or while playing or practicing your own music—without changing the quality of the sound.

　　A．Use earplugs.

　　B．Keep the volume below 70 percent.

　　C．If the answer is yes，your music is too loud.

　　D．Like every other part of your body，your ears need rest.

　　E．But by morning，your hearing is totally back to normal.

　　F．Unfortunately，there's no way to get back hearing you've already lost.

　　G．The exposure to noise is louder and longer than in any previous generation.

　　答案：

　　1—5　EFCDA

　　Ⅴ.短文改错

　　(2016·唐山一模)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　I went to England last summer as a exchange student, and stayed there for three months. I used to thinking we had pretty various after­school activities. However, I was surprised to find their projects were even diverse. I made friend with the daughter of my home­stay family，which was a college student. He was a member of different kinds of clubs, so I took the chance to join in some clubs, too. Can you believe I make a robot in the LEGO Club? I felt very proudly because I got first prize with my Lego robot.

　　Time spending in England is so memorable that I will treasure it forever.

　　答案：

　　I went to England last summer

　　exchange student, and stayed there for three months. I used to

　　we had pretty various after­school activities. However, I was surprised to find their projects were even

　　diverse. I made

　　with the daughter of my home­stay family，

　　was a college student.

　　was a member of different kinds of clubs, so I took the chance to join in some clubs, too. Can you believe I

　　a robot in the LEGO Club? I felt very

　　because I got first prize with my Lego robot.

　　Time

　　in England is so memorable that I will treasure it forever.

　　B卷

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2016·陕西五校联考)Many people take it for granted that black is a color of bad things while white should always mean something good.This may be because, in their opinion, black is related to darkness and white to purity.However, that is not always the case.Did you know that the same one color may mean differently in different places of the world?

　　In the English­speaking world, black is the color of mourning.People wear black clothes at the funeral.Red is concerned with danger or bloodshed (流血)．Yellow is the word for fear.If you are afraid, you are yellow.Yet none of these sayings is true outside the English­speaking world.In China and Korea white is the color of mourning.In Russia, China and some other countries, red stands for beauty, life and excellence.In Italy and Germany, you are yellow with anger, not with fear.

　　Even within the English­speaking area it is not difficult to find color contradictions (矛盾)．A red cap in the United States is a porter in a railway station.In Britain, however, a red cap is a military policeman.Both names are logical because both men wear red caps.Similarly, the British term for an American white collar worker is sometimes called a black­coated worker.

　　One does not have to cross an area to find color differences.Would you rather be red­blooded or a blue­blooded? If we go back to the origin, we find that both terms are logical as both names suggest.The expression “blue blood” comes from Spain, where some noble families proudly said that they had “blue blood”．Actually they meant that they had no Moorish or Jewish blood.But then why “blue” blood? Because they were fair­skinned, and it is only natural that their blood vessels (血管) stood out appearing blue.

　　1．Yellow is concerned with anger in________.

　　A．Russia　B．Britain

　　C．Germany

　　D．China

　　2．The two meanings of the term “red cap” form a difference in________.

　　A．pronunciation

　　B．climate

　　C．logical relationship

　　D．custom

　　3．Both Britain and America would probably agree that________.

　　A．black is the color of mourning

　　B．a black­coated worker is employed in an office

　　C．red stands for beauty and excellence

　　D．a red cap is a porter in a station

　　4．The best title for this passage is “________”．

　　A．The Origin of Blue Blood

　　B．The Development of the Symbolic Use of Colors

　　C．Colors That Carry Bad Meanings

　　D．The Meaning Concerned with Certain Colors

　　答案：

　　解题导语：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同文化背景下，颜色所表示的意思也不同。

　　1．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In Italy and Germany，you are yellow with anger，not with fear.”可知，答案选C项。

　　2．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在美国“red cap”是火车站搬运工的标志，而在英国则是宪兵的标志，这属于两国文化习惯的不同。由此可知，答案选D项。

　　3．A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“In the English­speaking world，black is the color of mourning.”可知，在说英语的国家中，黑色被认为是代表哀悼的颜色。故A项正确。

　　4．D　解析：标题概括题。文章主要介绍了不同国家、不同文化中颜色所代表的意义也不同。故选D项。

　　B

　　(2015·孝感高三调研)Energy drinks are as harmful as drugs and should be banned from schools, according to a British government adviser.

　　Drinks such as Monster, Red Bull and Relentless combine sugar and caffeine (咖啡因) in such high quantities that children are becoming hyperactive (过度活跃的) and difficult to control.Some 500ml cans contain the equivalent of more than 13 teaspoons of sugar and 160mg of caffeine — which is about the same as in four cans of cola.

　　Yesterday, government adviser John Vincent warned，“Energy drinks are effectively another form of drugs.It has a hugely damaging effect on children's ability to concentrate, how they feel and it is having health effects.”

　　Evidence from teachers and pupils is that children who drink these cans may report feeling sick, shaky and dizzy.Claire Duggan, a school public health adviser, said some children report feeling unwell after downing the drinks.

　　Ian Fenn, headmaster of Burnage Media Arts College in Manchester, has banned the drinks following requests from staff.

　　He told BBC，“Staff came to me and said at a school where we are very conscious about the nutritional value of what students eat.We can't allow boys to bring in drinks that are really unhealthy for them and consume not one, but two or three.”

　　Some children even choose to have an energy drink for breakfast rather than a bowl of cereal.A survey published recently found that one in 20 teenagers goes to school on a can of energy drink.

　　A British Soft Drinks Association spokesman said，“We are clear that energy drinks are not recommended for children, and we want to get that message across to young people and parents.”

　　5.What do we know about drinks like Red Bull from the text?

　　A．They contain about four times as much sugar and caffeine as Coca­Cola.

　　B．They bring about health benefits as well as side effects.

　　C．They distract children from other kinds of drinks.

　　D．They make children more energetic and active.

　　6．According to the text, some British schoolchildren________.

　　A．have energy drinks for their meals

　　B．feel unwell after drinking energy drinks

　　C．are hard to control when choosing their drinks

　　D．are aware of the nutritional value of their drinks

　　7．What can be inferred from the text?

　　A．Energy drinks do not affect adults at all.

　　B．Parents request Ian Fenn to ban energy drinks.

　　C．Burnage Media Arts College is concerned about students' health.

　　D．All children drinking energy drinks report the same symptoms.

　　8．The text mainly tells us that energy drinks________.

　　A．do as much damage as medicine

　　B．can cause children to feel uneasy

　　C．contain too much of nutrients

　　D．harm kids and should be banned from schools

　　答案：

　　解题导语：本文是一篇说明文。英国政府顾问近日警告称，功能性饮料中含有大量糖分和咖啡因，对青少年的危害极大，建议相关部门禁止未成年人饮用功能性饮料。

　　5．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some 500ml...in four cans of cola.”可知像红牛这样的饮料当中所含的糖和咖啡因的量是可乐的四倍。故选A项。

　　6．B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“children who drink these cans may report feeling sick，shaky and dizzy...some children report feeling unwell after downing the drinks.”可知，孩子们饮用功能性饮料后感觉不舒服。故选B项。

　　7．C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“He told BBC ...but two or three.”可推知，Burnage Media Arts College非常关心学生们的健康。故选C项。

　　8．D　解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段并通读全文可知，这篇文章主要讲述了饮用功能性饮料对孩子身体所造成的影响，因此应该在学校禁止卖功能性饮料。故选D项。

　　Ⅱ.阅读填空

　　(2016·贵州省七校高三联考)Change is scary.__1__ It can go hand in hand with the fear that we might hurt someone else if we only think about ourselves.The truth is that you're so much more courageous than you give yourself credit and far stronger than you realize.Here are some ways that you can use to help yourself make the process of creating change more manageable.

　　Make change into small bite­size pieces.__2__ Remember that as long as you attempt to take regular practice towards your goal，such as eating more healthily every day，or walking twenty minutes a day，you're heading in the right direction to make changes.

　　Form a habit of keeping a diary every day.Writing a journal every night before going to bed can effectively help you cope with the emotional impact of the change process.Go to grab a pen or pencil and remember a journal is not for being neat and tidy with good spelling.__3__

　　Rest is essential to success.Have a rest and take time out to build your energy.__4__ If we don't give ourselves time to rest，we just end up burning out by the constant striving and worry.As we don't have the energy to keep going，we have to give up!

　　__5__ Just accept them! I'm sorry to say that unless some people are really secure in themselves and truly happy in their own life, they're never going to like your changes.This has nothing to do with whether they love you or not.They are just for self­preservation！Therefore，give them a little time to adjust and get used to it.

　　A．No one else is going to like your changes.

　　B．Don't try to eat the elephant in one sitting.

　　C．It is a step into the unknown.

　　D．Keep repeating your small steps over and over again.

　　E．It's not being lazy to have time out.

　　F．It's a private place where you can speak out your inner thoughts.

　　G．Creating change is about building your character.

　　答案：

　　1—5　CBFEA