2017版高考英语北师大版《名师伴你行》一轮复习课时作业：22《Environmental Protection》（含解析）

　　课时作业(二十二)　Environmental Protection

　　A卷

　　Ⅰ.单句语法填空

　　1．The development of the food industry depends on that of ________(agricultural)．

　　2．Rain­forests ________(cut) down and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

　　3．This afternoon I will call the restaurant and make a ________(reserve)．

　　4．It is said that he isn't the only one of the students that ________(praise) at yesterday's meeting.

　　5．Friends managed to reconcile (调和) him with his wife after years of ________(separate)．

　　6．When they got there the injured ________(send) to the nearest hospital.

　　7．After going to France he soon ________(adoption) the French way of life.

　　8．The old man ________(trap) in the burning house at that moment.

　　9．Henry was forced to leave his motherland for ________(politics) reasons.

　　10．If we ________(give) another two weeks，we will be able to finish the task.

　　答案：

　　1．agriculture　2.are being cut　3.reservation　4.was praised　5.separation　6.had been sent　7.adopted

　　8．was trapped　9.political　10.are given

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．His long and dull speech _____________(使我们都很厌烦)．

　　2．________________________(考虑到你生病了)，we'd better put off the meeting.

　　3．________________________(过去的十年见证了)the rapid development of China.

　　4．________________________(除了有趣) and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.

　　5．Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can ________________(导致)many diseases.

　　答案：

　　1．left all of us bored　2.Given that you are sick　3.The last decade has seen/witnessed　4.Apart from being fun

　　5．lead to

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2016·洛阳高三统一考试)All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners.

　　Many years ago，children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grown­ups were talking.Today，well­mannered children have more freedom.

　　Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.

　　Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends ask you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have？They want you to give a loud “burp (打嗝)” after you finish eating.Burping would show that you like your food.

　　In some countries，if you give a loud burp，you are told to say，“Excuse me，please.”

　　In many places people like to eat together.But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating together.People show good manners by turning their backs to others while they eat.

　　What are manners like in an East African town？People try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If you are polite，you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.

　　Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents，you will be asked into each one.People will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.

　　Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People need ways to show that they want to be friends.

　　1．People turn their backs to others while they eat in some places in ________.

　　A．MongoliaB．an East African town

　　C．Polynesia

　　D．Arabia

　　2．In an East African town，people try not to see you.This is because ________.

　　A．they are not your friends

　　B．they don't want to talk with you

　　C．it is good manners

　　D．they are waiting for you to talk with them

　　3. Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Which should be a supporting paragraph to the idea?

　　A．The first one.

　　B．The second one.

　　C．The sixth one.

　　D．The third one.

　　4.The best title of the passage should be “________”．

　　A．Some bad manners

　　B．Different kinds of manners

　　C．The importance of manners

　　D．Some good manners

　　答案：

　　解题导语：不同时代、不同地域、不同国家有不同的礼仪，在某个地方得体的礼仪未必在另一个地方也适合。

　　1．C　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen... while they eat.”可知，在波利尼西亚的部分地方，人们吃饭时背对他人被认为是有礼貌的。

　　2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段中的“They are being polite.”可知，C项正确。

　　3．C　解析：细节理解题。文章第六段提到“有些地方人们喜欢在一起吃饭，然而在波利尼亚的一些地区被人看到在一起吃饭是不礼貌的”可知，C项正确。

　　4．B　解析：标题判断题。综合全文可知，本文讲述了不同地区的不同礼仪，因此B项正确。

　　B

　　(2015·哈尔滨高三质检)Searching the Internet may help middle­aged and older adults keep their memories sharp, US researchers said.

　　Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, studied people doing web searches by recording their brain activity.

　　“What we saw was people who had Internet experience used more of their brain during the search，” Dr Gary Small, a UCLA expert on aging, said. “This suggests that just searching on the Internet may train the brain — that it may keep it active and healthy，” said Small.

　　“This is the first time anyone has simulated an Internet search task while scanning the brain，” Small said. His team studied 24 normal volunteers between the ages of 55 and 76. Half were experienced at searching the Internet and the other half had no web experience. Otherwise, the groups were similar in age, gender and education.

　　Both groups were asked to do Internet searches and book reading tasks while their brain activity was monitored.

　　“We found that in reading the book task, the visual, cortex—the part of the brain that controls reading and language—was activated，” Small said, “In doing the Internet search task, there was much greater activity, but only in the Internet­savvy (了解) group. ”

　　It appears that people who are familiar with the Internet can engage in a much deeper level of brain activity. Activities that keep the brain engaged can preserve brain health and thinking ability. Small thinks learning to do Internet searches may be one of those activities.

　　5．What did the researchers do when volunteers were doing web searches?

　　A．They studied the Internet.

　　B．They activated their brain.

　　C．They monitored their brain activity.

　　D．They recorded their memories.

　　6．Which was different between the two volunteer groups?

　　A．Health.

　　B．Web experience.

　　C．School Education.

　　D．Age.

　　7．How many tasks did the volunteers do?

　　A．One.

　　B．Two.

　　C．Three.

　　D．Four.

　　8．What can we conclude from the passage?

　　A．Web searching benefits the brain.

　　B．Reading books keeps the brain engaged.

　　C．Watching TV makes the brain active.

　　D．Doing activities damages the brain.

　　答案：

　　解题导语：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了通过研究表明上网能够增加中年人或老年人大脑的活跃度，对大脑有好处。

　　5．C　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“...their brain activity was monitored”可知，当志愿者们进行网络搜索和读书任务时，研究者们在监视他们的脑部活跃度。故选C项。

　　6．B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Half were ...gender and education.”可知，两组志愿者的不同之处在于他们是否有上网经验。故选B项。

　　7．B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Both groups were asked to do Internet searches and book reading tasks”可知，志愿者们做了两个任务，即上网和读书任务。故选B项。

　　8．A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Activities that...one of those activities.”可知，上网对大脑有好处。故选A项。

　　Ⅳ.书面表达

　　(2016·河北名校联盟质检)最近，某英语交流学习论坛提出一个话题“ Should square dancing be forbidden？”并邀请网友参与讨论。你打算参加，请根据以下内容写一篇发言稿。

　　内容包括：

　　1．广场舞的现状；

　　2．表明你的观点；

　　3．给出理由。

　　注意：词数100左右。

　　Should square dancing be forbidden?

　　答案：

　　Should square dancing be forbidden?

　　In recent years, square dancing has been becoming increasingly popular in cities. Many people have a habit of dancing to music with other. However, the loud noise disturbs the people who live around the square. Should square dancing be forbidden?

　　I think square dancing is of great benefits, and it shouldn't be forbidden. Here are the reasons. First of all, dancing is a good way to take exercise, which can help people to build themselves up. It also provides a chance for people to communicate with each other. Besides, the square is a good place for people to work out.

　　At the same time, the people living near the square have the right to live in peace. So I suggest the time when people dance on the square should be limited.

　　B卷

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2016·河北名校联盟质检)

　　2016 TFK Poetry Contest

　　Call all poets! Time for Kids has a challenge for you: write a funny, rhyming poem.It must be an original poem that does not copy another poet's work.Enter the Time for Kids Poetry Contest! As fewer and fewer children are interested in writing poetry of their own, Time for Kids decides to organize and sponsor such a contest to change the situation.

　　Contest Rules

　　1．How to enter This contest begins at 12：01 am on March 6, 2016 and ends at 11：59 pm on July 24, 2016.To enter, mail the following information to 1271 Avenue of the Americas, 32nd Floor, New York, New York 10020: (a) an original and previously unpublished poem that is humorous and has a rhyme scheme; (b) entrants' first name only, and a parent's mail address.Limit one entry per person.When entering, entrants promise that the entry is original, and has not been published in any medium and has not won an award.

　　2．Judging All entries will be judged by poet Kenn Nesbitt, based on the following criteria: creativity and originality (50%), use of language and rhyme (25%) and appropriateness to the theme of the contest (25%)．The length of the entry will not be taken into consideration.

　　3．Prizes Our judges will select four semi­finalists (参加半决赛的选手) from which one grand prize winner and three finalists will be chosen.The one grand prize winner will receive an online class visit from Children's Poet Laureate Kenn Nesbitt and a signed copy of his newest book of poetry, The Armpit of Doom: Funny Poems for Kids, approximately value at $275.The three finalists will each get a signed copy of Nesbitt's newest book of poetry, The Armpit of Doom: Funny Poems for Kids, and both their poems and that of the grand prize winner will be published at timeforkids.com.

　　4．Eligibility(参赛资格) Open to legal citizens of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia who are primary school students and are 8 to 13 years old at time of entry.

　　5．Winner's list For names of the winner and finalists, visit timeforkids.com ( after August 1, 2016, available for a period of 10 days)．

　　1．The purpose of the contest is to________.

　　A．encourage children to learn from other poets

　　B．help children realize the dream of poetry writing

　　C．encourage children's interest in poetry writing

　　D．encourage children to read more original poems

　　2．Which of the following characteristics of a poem is valued most in judging?

　　A．Being creative and original.

　　B．Using a proper number of words.

　　C．Using proper language and rhyme.

　　D．Being appropriate to the contest theme.

　　3．What can be known about the finalists of the contest?

　　A．They will get a great deal of money.

　　B．Their poems can be read at timeforkids.com.

　　C．They will receive an online class visit from Nesbitt.

　　D．Their poems will appear in Nesbitt's newest book of poetry.

　　4．According to the contest rules，________.

　　A．poems can be sent to the organizers by e­mail

　　B．all the children have the right to take part in the contest

　　C．the number of one entrant's poems to enter the contest is not limited

　　D．the result of the contest will be unknown before August 1, 2016

　　答案：

　　解题导语：为了激发孩子们写诗的兴趣，Time for Kids决定举办一次诗歌大赛。本文主要介绍了该比赛的一些规则，包括参赛方式、评判标准、奖品设置、参赛资格等。

　　1．C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“As fewer and fewer children are interested in writing poetry of their own, Time for Kids decides to organize and sponsor such a contest to change the situation.”可知，比赛的目的是激发孩子们写诗的兴趣，故选择C项。

　　2．A　解析：细节理解题。根据Judging中的“creativity and originality (50%)，use of...of the contest (25%)”和“The length of the entry will not be taken into consideration.”可知，在评判过程中一首诗的创意和独创性是最重要的，因此选择A项。

　　3．B　解析：细节理解题。根据Prizes的介绍中的最后一句“The three finalists...and that of the grand prize winner will be published at timeforkids.com.”可推知，参加决赛的选手的诗能在timeforkids.com上读到。

　　4．D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章Winner's list下的“For names of the winner and finalists, visit timeforkids.com(after August 1, 2016, available for a period of 10 days)．”可知，比赛结果将于2016年8月1日以后公布，因此选择D项。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　The Talking Clock

　　This battle，if I may pronounce it as such，started almost two years ago when my daughter insisted that I should buy her a talking clock.So as a good father who __1__ to teach her time，I went to the shop and __2__ this talking digital clock.

　　The temperature on the clock was __3__ in degrees Fahrenheit, so I tried to __4__ the clock again.No matter how hard I tried, I wasn't __5__ to change it into degrees Celsius.I had a couple of other digital clocks in which there was a separate button for display change of __6__.But this function seemed to be critically__7__ here.I went on to open a few screws(螺丝)but again __8__.

　　The thing with the digital clock is that when you __9__ the battery in it, it displays all the fields.But __10__ it had the important degrees Celsius sign on it as well.__11__ moved on.Every day I will see the clock and think __12__ we could change the display of the temperature.

　　Fast forward to 9：30 a．m.this morning.I just picked up the clock again.It __13__ to me that every time I pressed the “mode” button，there was a corresponding(一致的) action.__14__ this time I went very slowly one by one.There it was！I had __15__ the battle.It now proudly displays the temperature in degrees Celsius.I was so __16__ that I even took a picture.

　　What this small __17__ taught me was that I knew what I wanted was always right in front of me and all it __18__ was the right frame of mind to solve it.That's what life has in __19__ for all of us.If you know it is achievable and it is a matter of the right __20__， victory is just a matter of time.

　　1．A.intended　B．liked

　　C．used

　　D．chose

　　2．A.picked out

　　B．put aside

　　C．picked up

　　D．gave away

　　3．A.designed

　　B．shown

　　C．written

　　D．described

　　4．A.set

　　B．gain

　　C．fix

　　D．divide

　　5．A.calm

　　B．happy

　　C．strong

　　D．able

　　6．A.information

　　B．temperature

　　C．season

　　D．date

　　7．A.missing

　　B．present

　　C．active

　　D．lovely

　　8．A.in total

　　B．in surprise

　　C．in vain

　　D．in advance

　　9．A.use

　　B．connect

　　C．cover

　　D．put

　　10．A.finally

　　B．actually

　　C．suddenly

　　D．luckily

　　11．A.Feeling

　　B．Water

　　C．Time

　　D．Life

　　12．A.how

　　B．what

　　C．why

　　D．which

　　13．A.stroke

　　B．occurred

　　C．happened

　　D．seemed

　　14．A.Or

　　B．And

　　C．Though

　　D．So

　　15．A.won

　　B．failed

　　C．beaten

　　D．defeated

　　16．A.upset

　　B．interested

　　C．excited

　　D．amazed

　　17．A.business

　　B．incident

　　C．story

　　D．event

　　18．A.gathered

　　B．remembered

　　C．required

　　D．asked

　　19．A.store

　　B．explanation

　　C．place

　　D．order

　　20．A.examination

　　B．imagination

　　C．observation

　　D．attitude

　　答案：

　　解题导语：作者买回一个报时钟，但无论如何都无法调整温度的设置，然而一次意外却让他调整好了。他也从这次经历中得到了很多感悟。

　　1．A　解析：根据前面的“a good father”这一个信息可知，“我”打算教女儿时间，intend to do“打算做某事”。

　　2．C　解析：根据语境可知，“我”去商店购买了这个电子报时钟，pick up“购买”；pick out“识别，辨别”；put aside“把……搁在一边”；give away“馈赠，赠送”。

　　3．B　解析：根据后面的“degrees Fahrenheit”和“degrees Celsius”可知，“我”买的钟上温度是用华氏度数显示的，因此“我”想把它改成摄氏度数。

　　4．A　解析：根据上题的解释可知，此空填set，该词表示“设置，调整”；fix“安装；固定”。

　　5．D　解析：根据第四段的“It now proudly displays the temperature in degrees Celsius.”这一句话可知，“我”无论怎么尝试，都无法把华氏度数改成摄氏度数。be able to“能够，能”。

　　6．B　解析：根据上文“The temperature on the clock was __3__ in degrees Fahrenheit”这一句话可知，此空填temperature。

　　7．A　解析：根据上文可知，“我”无法调整温度的显示，因此“我”认为钟已经丧失了这个功能。

　　8．C　解析：“我”打开一些螺丝，但还是没用。in total“总共，总计”；in surprise“惊奇，惊讶”；in vain“徒劳，白费力气”；in advance“提前”。

　　9．D　解析：这钟的问题在于当上好电池后，所有信息都显示出来了。put ...in“把……放进……”。

　　10．B　解析：根据上文的“it displays all the fields”和下文的“it had the important degrees Celsius sign on it as well”可知，这个钟本身有摄氏度数的设置。actually“实际上，事实上”。

　　11．C　解析：根据语境中多次出现的clock和下文的“Every day I will see the clock”可知，时间依旧流逝，故用time。

　　12．A　解析：每天“我”都会摆弄着这个钟，看看怎么才能改变其中的设置。根据后面的“we could change the display of the temperature”可知，此空填how。

　　13．B　解析：“我”突然想起每次按“模式”按钮时，都会有相似的动作。It occurred to sb. that...是固定搭配，表示“某人突然想起……”。

　　14．D　解析：根据语境可知，因此“我”这一次小心翼翼地按着按钮，此空填so。

　　15．A　解析：根据第一段的“This battle，if I may pronounce it as such，started almost two years ago”和上文的“There it was！”可知，“我”最终成功地调好了温度的设置。

　　16．C　解析：根据上文的“It now proudly displays the temperature in degrees Celsius.”和下文的“I even took a picture”可知，“我”非常兴奋，以至于想拍一张照片。

　　17．B　解析：“我”从这一次小事情中学到了很多东西，“我”想要的东西总是在前面等着“我”去追寻。business“生意”；incident“事件，插曲”；story“故事”；event“大事件”。

　　18．C　解析：倘若要得到想要的东西，那“我”得用正确的思维来处理，it required做定语从句修饰all。

　　19．A　解析：那就是生活给我们准备的东西，have in store for sb.表示“给……储备，准备着某事”。

　　20．D　解析：如果我们持有正确的态度并且坚信我们能够得到，那我们得到这些东西是迟早的事情，此空填attitude。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2015·南昌一模)Lionel Messi,1.________ player from the South American country Argentina, is one of the greatest soccer players alive today.At a young age, he 2.________ (move) to Spain and now plays 3.________ (profession) for the FC Barcelona.Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team 4.________(own) by his father.Even as a young boy, he did very well.But when he was 11 years old, he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much 5.________ (tall)．There was a way to help him grow more, 6.________ his parents did not have enough money to pay for his medical needs.So, they looked around for a soccer club 7.________ would be able to do this for them.The clubs in Argentina couldn't help him, but the famous FC Barcelona in Spain offered 8.________ (accept) Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills.The Messi family happily took the offer and moved to Spain.In the FC Barcelona, Messi was one of the best 9.________ (play) through his teen years.10.________ his incredible talent, Messi has surprised the world.

　　答案：

　　解题导语：本文主要讲述了著名足球运动员里奥内尔·梅西的成长故事。

　　1．a　解析：考查冠词。player是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰。

　　2．moved　解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“At a young age”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

　　3．professionally　解析：考查词性转换。此处用professionally修饰动词plays。

　　4．owned　解析：考查非谓语动词。own和a small soccer team构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

　　5．taller　解析：考查形容词比较级。much/far/any等副词往往修饰形容词或副词的比较级，根据语境可知，此处用taller。

　　6．but　解析：考查连词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用转折连词but。

　　7．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。that或which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a soccer club。

　　8．to accept　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是固定词组offer to do sth.，不定式短语作宾语，符合语境。

　　9．players　解析：考查词性转换。根据提示the best和代词one可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。

　　10．With　解析：考查介词。此处用with表示“具备，有”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词，符合语境。

　　Ⅳ.书面表达

　　假如你是李华，你的笔友Mary给你来信，反映她学习中有很大的压力。请你用英语给她写封回信，提出自己减少学习压力的一些建议。回信应包括以下内容：

　　1．参加各种各样的课外活动；

　　2．阅读有趣的书籍；

　　3．与他人多交往。

　　注意：词数100左右。

　　答案：

　　Dear Mary，

　　　 I have known that you have much pressure in your study.Here are my suggestions to get rid of it.

　　Firstly, it is necessary for you to take part in a variety of interesting out­of­class activities, which make your school life colorful.Secondly, you should get out of the classroom, see the outside world and talk to others as much as you can.Thirdly, you can read what you are interested in.You can go to the library or surf the Internet for various kinds of information.In a word, if you are the master of your studies, you'll feel very happy.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua