【高考调研】2017届高三英语一轮复习（外研版）课时规范训练22（含解析）

　　课时规范训练(单独成册)

　　训练(二十二)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　Not too big，not too small.Not too hot，not too cold.A newly discovered planet looks just right for life as we know it，according to an international group of astronomers.

　　Orbiting a star about 500 light­years away，the planet called Kepler­186f is about the same size as the Earth.It orbits its star at the right distance for liquid water on the surface.That is an essential condition for life.But it is not exactly like the Earth.It’s more of an Earth’s cousin.It’s not an Earth’s twin.It shares the same characteristics as the Earth，but their parent stars are very different.

　　Kepler­186f orbits a star that is smaller and cooler than our sun.But the planet appears to be a closer relative than most of the hundreds of others discovered so far.Some are massive gas­covered giants with thick atmospheres.Others orbit too closely to their stars and are too hot for life.For the first time，we can actually say we now have a planet that is both Earth­sized and orbits in its star’s habitable zone.

　　The next step would be to look for signs of life in the atmospheres of these distant worlds.That would take a more complicated space telescope.“But budget cuts threaten that mission，” says University of California at Los Angeles astrophysicist Ben.

　　“In principle，we could do this in the next couple decades.But in practice，because there’s no money，it’s not going to happen.It’s not going to happen in my lifetime，for example，”said Ben.However，NASA’s Elisa Quintana believes that when the next­generation space telescope is launched，it will find that we are not alone in the universe.In the meantime，the search continues for other worlds where life may find a home.

　　【解题导语】　天文学家发现了一颗类似地球的行星，上面有适合生命存在的条件，从此地球或许不再孤独。

　　1．The difference between the Earth and Kepler­186f is

　　.

　　A．they circle different parent stars

　　B．they came into being at different times

　　C．they move in space at a different speed

　　D．they orbit their stars at a different distance

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。两者的差别是它们绕行的恒星不同。由第二段中的“It shares the same characteristics as the Earth，but their parent stars are very different.”可知A项正确。

　　2．The discovery of Kepler­186f is remarkable because

　　.

　　A．man has discovered a new home

　　B．it caused people’s interest in the universe

　　C．man has found a familiar planet like the Earth

　　D．it can help man know more about the Earth

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。这颗行星引人注目是因为人类在宇宙中找到了类似地球的行星。由第三段中的“For the first time，we can actually say we now have a planet that is both Earth­sized and orbits in its star’s habitable zone.”可知C项正确。

　　3．What does Ben worry about in the future research?

　　A．Lack of money. B．No cooperation.

　　C．His coming old age. D．His weak influence.

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。此人对研究前景的担心是缺乏资金。由第四段中的“But budget cuts threaten that mission”以及第五段中的“In principle，we could do this in the next couple decades.But in practice，because there’s no money，it’s not going to happen.”可知A项正确。

　　4．What does Elisa Quintana feel about the future of the study?

　　A．Hopeless. B．Unconcerned.

　　C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic.

　　解析：选D。推理判断题。此人对研究前景持乐观态度。由最后一段中的“However，NASA’s Elisa Quintana believes that when the next­generation space telescope is launched，it will find that we are not alone in the universe...”可知D项正确。

　　B

　　Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history.An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook，a new view of the universe.It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (本身) of time and space and so on—but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.

　　By 1914 young Einstein had been world­famous.He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin.He had few duties，little teaching and unlimited chances for study，but soon his peace and quietness were broken by World War I.

　　Einstein hated fighting and killing.The great suffering of war affected him deeply，and he sat unhappily in his office doing little.He lost interest in his research.Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.

　　In the year following World War I honors were increasingly put on him.He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics.But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people.He was well­known for his humble (谦逊的) manner.He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.

　　In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize，and he was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism (纳粹) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.

　　【解题导语】　本文属于人物传记类短文阅读。爱因斯坦对科学和历史有很大的影响。一位美国大学校长曾经评论说爱因斯坦创建了一个新面貌，新的宇宙观。

　　5．The main idea of the first paragraph is

　　.

　　A．the difficulty of Einstein’s thought to others

　　B．the feeling of an American university president towards Einstein

　　C．the difference between science and history

　　D．the change in human thought produced by Einstein

　　解析：选D。段落大意题。第一段讲述了爱因斯坦对科学和历史产生了巨大影响，同时，也使人们的思维产生了巨大的变化。

　　高中学习网 www.gkxx.com6．It seems to the American university president that

　　.

　　A．Einstein achieved more than any other scientist in history

　　B．everybody understands Einstein’s scientific ideas

　　高中学习网 www.gkxx.comC．the new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyone

　　D．our ideas about the universe are different today because of Einstein

　　解析：选D。细节理解题。由第一段中的“It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (本身) of time and space and so on—but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.”可知，由于爱因斯坦的理论，人们对于宇宙的看法发生了转变。

　　7．Between 1914 and 1918 Einstein

　　.

　　A．received world­wide praise

　　B．had no chances for study

　　C．almost did nothing in his office

　　D．still continued his scientific research

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。由第三段中的“The great suffering of war affected him deeply，and he sat unhappily in his office doing little.”可得出答案为C。

　　8．Einstein did his greatest work

　　.

　　A．when Nazism rose B．when he was young

　　C．during World War I D．after he left Europe

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。爱因斯坦在纳粹和一战时期，几乎没有正常工作，排除A、C两项；本文也没有讲述他离开欧洲以后有很大成就，排除D项。

　　Ⅱ.语法填空

　　gkxx.com阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　www.gkxx.comThe task of being accepted in a university begins early for some students.Long before they graduate 1.

　　high school，these students take special courses to prepare for advanced study.They may also take one or more examinations that test 2.

　　well prepared they are for the university.In the final year of high school，they complete 3.

　　(apply) and send them to the universities 4.

　　interest them most.Some high school students may be required to have 5.

　　interview with people from the university.6.

　　(neat) dressed and a little bit frightened，they are determined to show that they have a good attitude and the ability to succeed.

　　If the new students 7.

　　(accept)，many universities will offer an instruction program for them to get to know the procedures for students advising，university rules，the use of the library and all the 8.

　　major services of the university.

　　Beginning a new life in a new place can be very 9.

　　(puzzle)．The more knowledge students have about the school，the easier 10.

　　will be for them to adapt to the new environment.However，it takes time to get used to college life.

　　答案：

　　$来&源：gkxx.com1．from。考查介词。根据文章的第一句话可知，空格前的“graduate”应与介词from搭配，意为“从……毕业”，符合文意。故空格处填from。

　　2．how。考查宾语从句。“test”之后接的是宾语从句，well prepared是形容词短语，应用 how来修饰。故空格处填how。

　　3．applications。考查名词。空格处在句中作宾语，再结合空格后的代词“them”可知，空格处应用提示词的名词复数形式。故填applications。

　　4．which/that。考查定语从句。“universities”作为定语从句的先行词并且在从句中作主语，因此应用which/that作为定语从句的引导词。故空格处填which/that。

　　5．an。考查冠词。根据语境可知，空格处表示的是泛指，interview读音的第一个音素是元音，因此应用不定冠词。故填an。

　　6．Neatly。考查副词。空格处在句中作状语，修饰dressed，因此应用提示词的副词形式。故填Neatly。注意单词首字母大写。

　　7．are accepted。考查动词的时态。空格处在句中作谓语，且与主语是被动关系，再结合“主将从现”原则可知，空格处应用一般现在时。故填are accepted。

　　8．other。考查代词。根据空格前内容可知，此处指的是大学的其他主要服务。故填other。

　　9．puzzling。考查形容词。空格处在句中作表语，由此结合句中的主语可知，空格处应用提示词的现在分词形式(此处为现在分词形容词化)。故填puzzling。

　　10．it。考查代词，分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，而能够作形式主语的代词只有it。故填it。

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Travelled abroad，you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.When you invited，it is good manners to refuse or accept an invitation，either by writing or by telephoning.If you go to the party，it is polite to reach on time.It is good manners to shake hand with your host.You can take a present if you like，possibly a bottle of wine，a box of chocolates and some flowers.However，it was not bad manners to take nothing.It is not polite to stay too late before the other guests have gone.Also，it is suggested to write or telephone a day or two late to thank your host.

　　答案：

　　abroad，you should follow the customs of the country 或where you are visiting.When you

　　invited，it is good manners to refuse or accept

　　invitation，either by writing or by telephoning.If you go to the party，it is polite to

　　on time.It is good manners to shake

　　with your host.You can take a present if you like，possibly a bottle of wine，a box of chocolates

　　some flowers.However，it

　　not bad manners to take nothing.It is not polite to stay too late

　　the other guests have gone.Also，it is suggested to write or telephone a day or two

　　to thank your host.

　　Ⅳ.小写作

　　【写作素材】

　　1．由于他的科学发现，霍金是世界上最著名的科学家之一。(as a result of)

　　2．他出生并成长于牛津的一个很有教养的家庭。他毕业于牛津大学。在20世纪60年代，被诊断为运动神经元病。(bring up; well­educated; be diagnosed with)

　　3．尽管他不会动也不会说话，他用一台特别的计算机讲话。他没有放弃科学研究。(move；give up)

　　4．1988年他的书《时间简史》出版了。 (publish)

　　5．他对科学的热爱使他成为科学史上的一流人物。(a leading figure)

　　www.gkxx.com

　　One possible version：

　　学习网Stephen Hawking is one of the greatest scientists in the world as a result of his scientific discoveries.

　　He was born and brought up in a well­educated family in Oxford.He graduated from Oxford University.In the 1960s，he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease.

　　Though he couldn’t move and couldn’t speak，he still spoke to others through a special computer and didn’t give up his research.His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988.

　　His devotion to science has made him a leading figure in science.