【加练半小时】2017届高考英语一轮复习练习：第16练 自然与环保类（二）（含解析）

　　单词识记：

　　shortageurban　 　advocate　 　

　　eco­friendly

　　preserve

　　province

　　smog

　　challenge

　　mountain

　　prevent

　　conservation

　　damage

　　decorate

　　situation

　　smell

　　disappearance

　　destroy

　　purpose

　　recycle

　　environment

　　短语扫描：

　　prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人/物做某事

　　in turn 依次；反过来；转而

　　lead to 导致；致使

　　low carbon 低碳的

　　global warming 全球变暖

　　greenhouse effect 温室效应

　　take action/measures/steps采取行动/措施

　　attach great importance to...十分重视……

　　be linked with 与……有联系

　　be faced with 面临

　　[跟踪训练]

　　在空格处填入适当的词(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式

　　1．The

　　(short) of cotton kept the prices up.

　　2．Weber is

　　(challenge) his audience to question their own beliefs.

　　3．Whether such properties are a good deal will depend on individual

　　(situation)．

　　4．I don’t like pubs.They’re noisy，

　　(smell)，and what’s more，expensive.

　　5．It’s said that foods can

　　(damage) if they are kept too cold.

　　6．A shortage of funds is preventing the UN

　　monitoring relief.

　　7．The manager asked the girls to call out their names

　　turn.

　　8．It was my good fortune to be linked

　　Madame Curie through twenty years of friendship.

　　9．Too much work and too little rest often lead

　　illness.

　　10．Even rich men may be faced

　　financial problems.

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　Windbreaks are barriers(屏障) formed by trees and other plants.Farmers plant these barriers around their fields，which help prevent the loss of soil and stop the wind from blowing soil away.They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops.Besides，extra trees and plants can be cut down and used or sold for wood.

　　Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops.For example，in parts of West Africa grain harvests were twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.

　　But here is something interesting about windbreaks.They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field.If not，then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil.Then the soil will be blown away.For this reason，a windbreak works best if it contains only 60 to 80 percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line.An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to 10 times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.

　　There should be at least two lines in each windbreak.One line should be large trees.The second line，right next to it，can be shorter trees or other plants with leaves.Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks.Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain.Their roots help protect soil from being washed away.And trees can provide animals with shade from the sun.

　　1．The advantages of building a windbreak are as follows EXCEPT

　　.

　　A．keeping the wind from destroying grain crops

　　B．increasing the production of grain harvests

　　C．providing humans with shade from the sun

　　D．reducing the damaging effects of wind and rain

　　2．The author thinks windbreaks are interesting because

　　.

　　A．the movement of air lifts the soil

　　B．windbreaks allow some wind to pass through

　　C．large trees are lined with short ones

　　D．windbreaks can stop the wind getting through

　　3．If the trees grow to a height of 30 feet，the areas the windbreak can protect are

　　.

　　A．100 square feet

　　B．150 square feet

　　C．240 square feet

　　D．300 square feet

　　4．What can be inferred from the text?

　　A．Extra trees and plants can be cut down for wood.

　　B．The environment is going from bad to worse.

　　C．Trees and plants from abroad are the best for windbreaks.

　　D．Windbreaks can contribute to agriculture harvests.

　　B

　　(2016·甘肃天水三中高三检测)

　　For years scientists have been worried about the effects of air pollution on the earth’s natural conditions.Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside.It may be one hundred times worse.

　　Indoor air pollution can cause a person to feel tired，to suffer eye pain，headache and other problems.Some pollutants(污染物) can cause breathing disorders，diseases of blood and even cancer.Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution.

　　People have paid more attention to the problem now.It is true that when builders began making houses and offices they did not waste energy.To do this they build buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside.They also began using man­made building materials.These materials are now known to let out harmful gases.

　　As the problem became more serious，scientists began searching for a way to deal with it.They discovered a natural pollution control system for building—green plants.Scientists do not really know how plants control air pollution.They believe that a plant’s leaves absorb or take in the pollutants.In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves and tiny organizations on its roots.Scientists suggest that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space.Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different chemicals.So the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants.Having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and more healthy place.

　　5．Generally speaking，indoor air pollution may be more harmful than the air outside because

　　.

　　A．indoor air pollution can often make people seriously ill

　　B．there may be more harmful gases outside the buildings

　　C．the air indoors is polluted，which is very harmful

　　D．man­made building materials give off dangerous gases

　　6．Some kind of indoor pollution can be found in

　　.

　　A．every modern house

　　B．every old house

　　C．all kinds of houses

　　D．all kinds of offices

　　7．The indoor air pollution is caused by

　　.

　　A．the building way that the builders want to save energy

　　B．the man­made building materials and the limit of air­flow

　　C．the building things that are made of man­made materials

　　D．the limit of the flow of air between inside and outside

　　8．The reason why we should use different kinds of plants to clean the air is that

　　.

　　A．plants can let out all kinds of pollutants indoors

　　B．plants may take in more oxygen which people need

　　C．plants can absorb all kinds of harmful indoor chemicals

　　D．plants can make our houses prettier and more healthy

　　Ⅱ.七选五

　　Everyone has had to deal with a friend who says，“Can I borrow some money? I promise I’ll pay you back.”

　　9

　　，but here are some steps that will help you get back the money you’ve lent and keep your friendship complete.

　　·Decide if you want to lend the money.It doesn’t mean that you have to say yes when your friend is asking for a loan.Think carefully about whether this is something you feel comfortable doing.You may want to consider: How is your friend with money?

　　10

　　？Why does your friend need the money?

　　·

　　11

　　.You might settle for a verbal(口头的)agreement since it’s with someone you’re close to，but putting the loan in writing will enable both of you to treat it as a business arrangement.The agreement should spell out the terms，including any interest and the punishment for late payments.

　　·State your repayment terms clearly.Decide how much and how often payments are to be made，and then keep to that schedule.

　　12

　　.It’s better to figure out what you will do if your friend can’t make a payment ahead of time than trying to work it out when it happens.

　　·Follow up in a businesslike way.Make a note in your calendar to remind your friend a few days ahead of the due date.Wait to see if your friend pays on the due date without the reminder.If not，tell him or her when you might expect payment，and let him or her explain the delay.

　　13

　　，set a new date for the payment.

　　A．There is no way

　　B．Once you’ve heard the explanation

　　C．Discuss what happens if a payment is missed

　　D．How much does your friend want

　　E．Whether you decide to lend the money is up to you

　　F．You could lose your money and relationship

　　G．Put everything in writing

　　加练半小时　英语答案精析

　　第16练　自然与环保类(二)

　　高考高频单词与短语识记排查

　　1．shortage　2.challenging　3.situations　4.smelly

　　5．be damaged　6.from　7.in　8.with　9.to　10.with

　　阅读能力专练

　　Ⅰ.1.C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops.”可排除A项；根据第二段第二句“...grain harvests were twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks...”可排除B项；根据最后一段倒数第三句“Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain.”可排除D项。故答案为C项。]

　　2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的前四句可知，防护林的有趣之处在于它可以允许一些风穿过防护林，从而防止土壤流失，故答案为B项。]

　　3．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“...windbreaks can protect areas up to 10 times the height of...”可知，30英尺高的防护林可以保护300平方英尺地区，故答案为D项。]

　　4．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段对于西非的介绍可推知防护林可以促进农业的丰收，故答案为D项。]

　　5．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“They also began using man­made building materials.These materials are now known to let out harmful gases.”可知，室内空气污染比室外的空气污染更严重，这是因为人工建筑材料会释放很多的有害气体，故选D。]

　　6．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution.”可知，现代的每一间房屋都存在室内污染的问题，故选A。]

　　7．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句“To do this they build buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside.They also began using man­made building materials.These materials are now known to let out harmful gases.”可知，造成室内污染的原因是空气无法流通，建筑使用的人工建筑材料释放有害气体，故选B。]

　　8．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...each absorbs different chemicals.So the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants.”可知，不同的植物吸收不同的有害化学物质，因此，应该在室内种植不同的绿色植物，故选C。]

　　Ⅱ.9.E　10.D　11.G　12.C　13.B