2017届高考英语一轮复习话题复习课件：模块必修1 话题4 自然灾害（新人教版必修模块）

　　⑶ damage可修复的部分损坏或损害，指其价值或功能等降低。

　　They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged. 他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋。 运用

　　用上述词填空，并译成汉语。 ⑴ What he said __________ our last hope.

　　⑵ She poured water all over my painting, and_______ it.

　　⑶ Her heart was slightly __________ as a result of her long illness. 由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。(功能降低) destroyed 他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。 ruined 她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。(有用物被糟蹋) damaged 4. shock

　　v. (使)震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊

　　例句

　　Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. 井里满是沙子而不是水了，人们惊呆了。 用法

　　作n.表示“令人震惊的事”时，前用a。 派生

　　________ adj. (人)感到震惊的

　　________ adj.

　　(事)令人震惊的 shocking shocked 翻译

　　听到这个消息，我十分震惊。（一句多译） a. I ___________ to hear the news. b. I ______________ the news. c. ___________me to hear the news. d. The news _______ a shock. gave me

　　was shocked was shocked at It shocked 5. rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救(save…from harm or danger；set free)

　　例句

　　Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。 搭配 rescue…from… 从……中抢救或营救……

　　go/come to one’s rescue援救或帮助某人

　　rescue work/ workers抢救工作/ 救援人员 ⑴ rescue多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速和有效的救援，较save更能表达拯救的紧迫性，一般指救人；它还有从监禁中救出的意思。

　　⑵ save指通过救援不但使受害者(人或物)能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，有时可与rescue通用。从某种状态中把某人拯救出来多用save。 辨析

　　rescue & save

　　运用

　　用rescue或save填空,并说明理由。 ⑴ 只有社会主义才能救中国。 Only socialism can_____ China.

　　⑵ 救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。 The life boat was sent out to ________

　　the sailors from the sinking ship.

　　save

　　rescue

　　指从状态中拯救出，多用save。 从危险中拯救，拯救的紧迫性，用rescue更好。

　　⑶ 消防队员行动及时，该建筑物才免遭焚毁。

　　The quick action of the firemen_______ the building from being burned down.

　　saved

　　救的对象是物，多用save。

　　6. trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境

　　运用

　　他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。 They _____________

　　the burning hotel.

　　were trapped in 7. lie/be in ruins 成为废墟

　　例句

　　The whole building lay in ruins after a terrible earthquake. 整栋大楼在一次可怕的地震后变成废墟。

　　翻译

　　暴风雨过后，他的房子已成废墟。

　　联想 fall into ruin完全毁掉；坍塌；破败不堪 After the storm, his house lay in ruins. 原句

　　Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 因为地震是在人们睡觉的时候发生的, 所以造成了这么多的人死亡。(B1P27) 8. a great number of 许多, 大量

　　例句

　　I have a large number of

　　letters to answer.我有许多信要回。 比较 a (great，large) number of(+复数 名词)许多;the number of(+复数名词)……的数目。前者作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后者作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 The number of the people invited to the party _____(be)50 last night, but a number of them _____ (be) absent for different reasons.1 运用

　　用所给词的适当形式填空。 was were 写作句型仿写

　　原句

　　It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26) 1. It seems as if…

　　看上去好像…… ; 似乎…… 例句

　　It seemed as if the sky would fall down. 似乎天要塌下来了。 仿写

　　看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。 ______________________________ except me. 说明

　　其中as if 可用as though替代

　　It seems as if everybody knows it

　　原句

　　Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看, 那里的一切都几乎被毁了。(B1P26) 2. Everywhere…无论哪里……(=wherever) 例句 Everywhere she goes, she will receive warm welcome.无论她走到哪, 她都会受到热烈欢迎。 仿写 无论他走到哪儿, 我都会找到他。

　　__________________, I will find him. Everywhere he goes 例句

　　All students can not go to key university after they graduate from middle school.不是所有的学生中学毕业后都能上重点大学。 3. all... not=not all...并非都…… 原句

　　All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。(B1P26) 仿写

　　并不是每个人都像你那么自私。

　　说明

　　all, both, each, always, every及every的合成词与not 连用时表部分否定。 _____________ is as selfish as you.

　　Not everyone 原句 The chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.鸡甚至猪也太紧张了以至于不吃东西了。 4. too+ adj./ adv. +(for sb.) to do sth. 太……以至于不…… 例句

　　The man is too honest to play a trick like that. 这个人很诚实, 不会搞那样的恶作剧的。 说明

　　在以下三种情况下，此结构是肯定意义： ⑴ 当形容词是表心情的ready，glad，happy，eager，willing等时，表肯定；

　　⑵ 和never，not连用时，意为“非常，怎么做也不过分”。

　　⑶ 在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，表肯定，且带有一定的感情色彩。 (1) 这个箱子太重了, 我搬不动。 The box is ________ for me ________. 仿写

　　根据汉语意思完成英文句子。

　　(2) 我十分渴望见到你。 I’m _________ to ____ you. see

　　too heavy to carry too eager 5. think little of 不重视；没把……当成回事

　　例句

　　But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事,当天晚上照常睡着了。 think much of 重视；赞扬 think nothing of不把……放在心里 think highly of 对……评价高 think badly /ill of对……评价很糟 联想 仿写

　　将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 ⑴ 他不重视我的建议。

　　⑵ 她没把每天走30里路当回事。

　　She thinks nothing of walking 30 miles a day. He thought little of my suggestion.

　　原句

　　Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。(P30 B1) 分析

　　句中all of whom引导一个___ _____________ 从句，其中whom指代___________，该从句也可改为and all of them agreed that…这样一个并列句；that

　　引导一个______从句。

　　宾语 非限制性定语 five judges 基础知识自测

　　1. ____________ n. 地震 2. _______ n. 管；导管 3. _______ n. 事件； 大事 4. _______ n. 运河；水道 5. _______ n. 砖；砖块 brick

　　earthquake pipe event canal 6. __________ n. 掩蔽处；避身处 7. __________ n. 要点；大纲；轮廓 8. __________ n. 灾难；灾祸 9. __________ vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 10. _________ vi. (burst, burst)爆发 burst

　　shelter outline disaster bury 11. __________ adj. 极度的 12. __________ adv. 真诚地; 真挚地 13. __________ n. 废墟 vt.毁灭 14. __________ vt. 表示; 表达 n.快车 15. __________ n. 裁判员; vt.断定 judge

　　extreme sincerely ruin express (A)单词派生

　　二、单词拓展 1. ________ n.矿，矿山

　　________ n. 矿工

　　2. __________ v. 判断

　　__________ n. 判断；辨别力

　　judgment

　　mine miner judge 3. ________ vt. 损害; 伤害

　　________ n. 损害; 伤害

　　________ adj.受伤的

　　4. _____________ v. 祝贺; 恭喜

　　_____________ n. 祝贺; (复数)贺词

　　congratulation

　　injure injury injured congratulate 5. ___________ adj. 电的; 导电的

　　___________ n. 电; 电流; 电学

　　___________ adj.与电有关的

　　6. ___________ v. (使)惊吓

　　___________ adj. 受惊的; 受恐吓的

　　___________ adj. 令人恐惧的 frightening

　　electric electricity electrical frighten frightened 1. Two players are out of the team because of _______.(injure) 介词后要接名词。

　　2. My personal ___________ is that he is to blame. (judge)

　　形容词后接名词构成名词词组作主语。 judgement injury 3. I think it is dangerous for ______ (mine) to work in such terrible conditions. miners 意为“矿工”。 4. His __________ (frighten) eyes

　　made the boy feel___________ .

　　5. Bob left me his ________(electric) fan before he went to London.

　　形容词修饰后面的名词。 frightening frightened electric 感到恐惧的 令人恐惧的 1. ____________ 立刻; 马上 2. __________________ 许多; 大量的 3. ____________ 结束; 终结 4. ____________ 严重受损; 成为废墟 三、短语翻译 in ruins

　　right away a (great) number of at an end 5. __________ 掘出; 发现 6. __________ 仿佛; 好像 7. __________ 代替 8. __________ 像往常一样 as usual

　　dig out as if instead of 9. _____________ 被困住, 被套住 10. ____________ 横切 11. ____________ 三分之二 12. ______________ 灾害侵袭的地区 disaster-hit areas be trapped cut across

　　two thirds

　　四、语篇填空

　　At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres 1 _______(direct) below the city, the 2 ________(great) earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 3 ______is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.

　　directly

　　greatest

　　which

　　Steam burst from holes 4 ___ the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city 5 ____ (lie) in ruins. The suffering of the people

　　6 ______(be) extreme. Two-thirds of them died 7 ___were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many 8 ________ (child) were left without parents.

　　in

　　lay

　　was

　　or

　　children

　　9 _____ number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard 10 _______(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.

　　The

　　to get

　　1. directly

　　修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意为“正好”在这座城市下面。 2. greatest

　　前有the，后有of the 20th century表示范围，可以确定用最高级。

　　3. which

　　引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是Beijing。 4. in

　　说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用in；类似的墙上有洞，也用in。 5. lay

　　由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一般过去时，lie的过去时是lay。lie in ruins成为废墟。 6. was

　　主语是The suffering(痛苦)，第三人称单数，一般过去时，故填was。 7. or

　　指死了“或者”受伤。 8. children

　　受many修饰要用复数。 9. The

　　从后面的数字看是指“数量”，表示“……的数量”用the number of。 10. to get

　　在作表语或补语的形容词后只能用不定式作状语。 五、语段改错

　　All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes

　　the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan

　　to helping the rescue workers. Hundreds of

　　thousands people were helped. The army

　　organized teams to dig out those that were

　　trapped and to bury the dead.

　　of help who To the north of the city, most of the10,000 miners

　　are rescued from the coal mines here. Workers

　　built shelters to survivors whose home had been

　　destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by

　　the train, truck and plane. Slow, the city began to

　　breath again. breathe homes there Slowly for were 1. helping → help 作目的状语用不定式(to do)。 2. 在people前加of

　　表示具体几千人不用of，thousand也不用复数，如three thousand people；表示数以千计的人，thousands后要加of。 3. that→ who

　　当先行词是指人的those时，只能用who引导定语从句。 4. are→ were

　　由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过去时。 5. here→ there

　　指这座城市北面的煤矿“那里”。 6. to→ for

　　表示“为某人”造庇护所/房子，用for sb.。 7. home→ homes

　　由前面的shelters和survivors可知，用复数。 8. 去掉by后的the

　　用by表示“乘”车/船/飞机等，习惯上说by bus /train/boat/plane，不用冠词。 9. Slow→ Slowly

　　位于句首，修饰全句，用副词作状语。 10. breath→ breathe

　　表示开始做某事是begin to do sth.，故名词breath要改为动词breathe。 重点词汇讲练

　　原句 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 城市里, 一些大楼的水管破裂了。(B1P26) 1. burst v. 爆裂; 突发 例句 The balloon suddenly burst.气球突然爆炸了。 burst in闯进来；突然插嘴

　　burst into laughter=burst out laughing放声大笑

　　burst into tears=burst out crying放声大哭 搭配 ⑵ When we were chatting in the room, he burst ___. 运用

　　填入一个恰当的词。 ⑴ The audience burst ____ cheers. ⑶ As she was talking, the old man burst ____crying with excitement. out

　　into

　　in 2. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤，损害

　　例句

　　Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受伤。 理解

　　说出下列各句的汉语意思。 ⑴ He injured his knee yesterday.

　　⑵ I hope I didn’t injure her feelings.

　　⑶ Dishonest injures a business.

　　欺骗有害生意。 他昨天伤了膝盖。 我希望我没有伤害她的感情。 3. destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭(damage sth. so badly that it cannot be repaired or it no longer exists，works， etc.)

　　例句

　　Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 无论人们朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。 ⑴ destroy强烈摧毁，无法或难以修复；毁掉(名誉、希望、计划等)。如： The houses were destroyed by a fire. 房屋被火灾所毁。 ⑵ ruin(逐渐)彻底毁灭；弄坏(美好经历或有用物)。如： Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry. 牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。 辨析 destroy，ruin & damage