（新课标地区）2017届高考英语一轮复习课件：必修3 Unit4《Astronmy the science of the stars》（新人教版）

　　3.break out 突发；爆发

　　[高考例句](2017·重庆，阅读A)War broke out one evening.

　　一天傍晚战争爆发了。 break down毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败 break up打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体) break off (使)停止；中断；折断 break into强行进入(某处) 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Should another world war break ________，what would become of human beings?

　　万一另一次世界大战爆发，人类将会发生什么事？ ②We had to break ________ the house as we had lost the key.

　　因为我们弄丢了钥匙，所以我们不得不破门而入。 ③ [写作佳句] A fire ________________ in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.

　　＝After a fire ____________in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁了。 答案　①out　②into　③having broken out；broke out

　　特别提示：break out强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。

　　[句 式 透 析] ※[教材原句] But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

　　而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

　　倍数表达式： (1)倍数＋as...as... (2)倍数＋比较级＋than (3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width...＋of... (4)倍数＋what从句 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They have three times as many cows ________ we have.

　　他们拥有三倍于我们的奶牛。 ②My house is twice the size ________ my parents’.

　　我的房子面积是我父母的两倍。 ③[写作佳句] The room is ________________ that one.

　　这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。 答案　①as　②of　③three times the size of/three times as large as/twice larger than

　　知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用 一、单词拼写 1.(2017·湖南，阅读B)It sounds fine in ________ (理论)but it’s not easy to carry it out. 2.They created one of the new ________ (体系)of teaching foreign languages. 3.(2015·天津，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy __________ (气氛)where his employees enjoy their work. 4.*He got hold of the rope and ________ (拉)hard. 5.*(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ，阅读D)If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn’t ________ (存在).

　　theory systems atmosphere pulled exist 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.*(2015·江苏，阅读B)Many wastes produced in the producing process are ________ (harm)as well. 2.(2017·四川，阅读B)Soon afterward，waves ________ (crash)over the boat，and it began to sink. 3.One can make 18 by __________ (multiply)3 and 6 (together). 4.Is there always a conflict between science and ________ (religious). 5.*(2015·北京，七选五)Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite ________ (like)sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand. harmful crashed multiplying religion unlike 6.*(2015·四川，阅读E)However，________ (physics)Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way，who led the new study. 7.*The ________ (biology)saw some dead fish ________(float)on the surface of the lake. 8.(2015·安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the ___________ (fundament)skill upon which school education depends. 9.The ________ (puzzle)expression on his face ________ (puzzle)me. 10.*The robbers hit them ________ (violent).They couldn’t bear it any more so they decided to answer ________ (violent)with ________ (violent). physicist biologist floating fundamental puzzling puzzled violently violence violence 三、开心词场 With the development of astronomy，people know more about the fundamental theory of climate，atmosphere and the globe.Now more and more satellites and spaceships are sent into space where there’s no oxygen and gravity.

　　【联想·积累】 ❶“推，拉”家族 ①pull n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ②draw vt.&vi.拖，拉 ③drag vt.&n.拖，拉，拽 ④push v.&n.推，推动(力) ❷后缀-ist必备名词荟萃 ①archaeologist 考古学家 ②biologist 生物学家 ③chemist 化学家

　　④physicist 物理学家 ⑤psychologist 心理学家 ⑥specialist 专家 ⑦sociologist 社会学家 ⑧scientist 科学家 ⑨typist 打字员

　　⑩tourist 旅游者，游客

　　❸高频词链条 ①reaction n.反应；回应→react v.反应 ②exist vi.存在；生存→existence n.存在；生存 ③harmful adj.有害的→harm n.危害；害处 vt.损害；伤害→harmless adj.无害的 ④unlike prep.不同；不像→like vt.喜欢；adj.相像→likely adj.可能的 ⑤violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violently adv.强烈地；激烈地；凶猛地→violence n.暴力

　　Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 一、补全短语 1.________ time及时；终于

　　2.in ________ turn轮到某人；接着

　　3.cheer ________感到高兴；感到振奋 4.*break ________突发；爆发

　　5.*prevent...________阻止；制止

　　6.watch out ________当心；提防 in one’s up out from for 二、短语填空 1.(2017·湖北，阅读B)Sheila describes the adventure of ____________ Perri in a tiny town where her husband was doing research fieldwork. 2.*The wall ____________ all the light.It should be pulled down. 3.____________ sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. 4.(2017·陕西，24)The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will ________. in time；in one’s turn；cheer up；block out；break out；prevent from；give birth to；watch out for

　　giving birth to blocks out Watch out for in time 5.You’d better come up with a good idea to ________ her ________，otherwise she may give up halfway. 6.A fierce fight ________ between the two brothers just because of a small thing. 7.Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week ____________. 8.*Sometimes I think __________ myself ________ smoking and drinking is a very hard task. cheer up broke out in its turn preventing from 【联想·积累】 ❶“动词＋out”短语荟萃③ ①block out 挡住(光线) ②look/watch out 当心，提防 ③find out 查出，弄明白 ④try out

　　试用，试验 ⑤put out

　　扑灭 ⑥run out 用完 ⑦let out 泄漏，发出(声音) ⑧die out

　　灭绝 ❷“动词＋from”短语一览 ①keep/stop/prevent...from阻止；制止 ②separate...from

　　把……和……分离开 ③differ from

　　与……不同 ④suffer from

　　受……苦 ⑤hear from

　　收到……的来信 ⑥die from

　　因……而死 ⑦learn from

　　向……学习 ⑧result from

　　由于 ⑨date from

　　始于……时期 ⑩benefit from受益于 Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 1.①“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice ________ gravity has changed.” “天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”

　　②____________(既然)you have done the thing，stop blaming yourself.

　　③_______________________(既然你已经完成了)your homework，you can go to play basketball.

　　now that Now that Now that you have finished 2.①The earth became so violent that it was not clear ________ the shape would last ________.

　　地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

　　②___________________________(无论你是否喜欢这个意见)，I’m going ahead with it.

　　③She was in doubt ________________________(她是否正确).

　　whether or not Whether you like the idea or not whether she was right or not 【联想·积累】 表示原因的连词(短语)小结 (1)now (that)相当于since，是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略that。 (2)because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问句)。 (3)since因为；既然(可与now that互换)，as因为(语气较弱)。 (4)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步的补充说明)。 (5)表原因的介词短语：due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等。 Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 主语从句 用适当的关联词填空 1.It was never clear ________ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. 2.________ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. 3.Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious ________ the problem itself is. 4.It is still uncertain ________ he is coming or not. 5.________ seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.

　　why That what whether What 【学法·点拨】 主语从句与形式主语it ❶连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代主语从句。 ❷连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以用形式主语it代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句。 [单 词 点 睛] 1.exist vi.存在，在于

　　[教材原句]They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

　　他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 (1)exist in存在于……之中 exist on靠……为生 There exist(s)/existed...某地有/存在…… (2)existence n.存在；生存 come into existence产生；成立；开始存在 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They can’t exist ________ the money he’s earning.

　　他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 ②When did the world come into ________ (exist)? ③[写作佳句]____________ a generation gap between the young and the old.

　　青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。 答案　①on　②existence　③There exists 2.puzzle n.谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难

　　[高考例句](2015·四川，阅读E)People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.

　　长期以来，人们对埃及人是如何搬动那么大的巨石一直感到困惑。 (1)a puzzle一件让人感到困惑的事情 be in a puzzle不知如何是好 be in a puzzle about＝be puzzled about对……迷惑不解 (2)puzzle over/about苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Their reason for doing it is still ________ puzzle to me.

　　他们为什么干那事仍然让我费解。 ②I’m ________ a puzzle as to what to do next.

　　对于下一步该做什么我不知道。 ③[写作佳句] The firemen ________________ the cause of the fire.

　　＝The firemen ________________ the cause of the fire.

　　消防队员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。 答案　①a　②in　③were in a puzzle about；were puzzled about

　　3.pull n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

　　[高考例句](2017·福建，阅读A)When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom，they found the ring.

　　当他们拉开我旧卧室的地毯时，发现了这个戒指。 pull away(汽车等)开走 pull down拆毁；摧毁 pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out驶出；拉出，拔出 pull up把……拉过来；(使)停下 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Look! The girl ________ (pull)the toy along behind her. ②The train from London will pull ________ at noon.

　　从伦敦开出的火车中午要进站。 ③[写作佳句] They were so deeply involved in the matter that they found it ________________.

　　他们在那个问题上陷得太深，难以自拔。 答案　①is pulling　②in　③hard to pull out

　　[短 语 点 拨] 1.in time 及时；终于；迟早

　　[高考例句](2017·四川，阅读B)We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.

　　我们夏季到达，恰好赶上欣赏午夜太阳的奇景。 in no time 立刻，马上 on time 准时 at times 有时 at a time 每次，逐一 at one time 一度；曾经 at no time决不，从不 写出下列句中in time的含义 ①I intended to catch the early train，but I didn’t get up in time. ②You’ll succeed in time because you are always working hard. ③Working hard made him successful in time. 答案　①及时　②迟早　③终于

　　2.prevent...from 阻止；制止

　　[教材原句]They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

　　他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。 prevent/stop...(from)doing sth＝keep...from doing sth阻止……做某事 keep...doing sth 使……一直做某事 protect...from保护……不受……侵袭；挡住；防御 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①What can we do to prevent the disease from ________________ (spread)to other districts? ②A possible war was finally prevented ________ breaking out with their effort.

　　一场可能的战争最终由于他们的努力而避免了。 ③[写作佳句]If you ________________，will you let me know ahead of time?

　　如果你有事耽搁不能来的话，请提前告诉我一声好吗？ 答案　①spreading　②from　③are prevented/stopped/kept from coming

　　特别提示：(1)在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep...from doing sth中的from不可省略。 (2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。