2017《夺冠之路》高三一轮人教版英语（安徽专用）：方法技巧难点6　精品课件

　　难点(六)　“真伪难辨”的是非型细节理解题 该题型要求考生从所给的选项中选出一项和文意不符，但是和题意相符的结论或判断。考生很容易审不清题，或对文章细节理解不准而选错答案。

　　Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph? A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common. B．Confucius had much influenced on Socrates’ideas. C．The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ideas. D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.

　　(2010·江西卷，C) Kong Zi，also called Confucius (551～479 BC)，and Socrates (469～399 BC) lived only a hundred years apart，and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece，but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas，and how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies. Neither philosopher lived in times of peace，though there were more wars in Greece than in China.The Chinese states were very large and feudal，while the Greek city­states were small and urban.The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius.Unlike Confucius，Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively.Thus，Socrates was able to be more idealistic，focusing on issues like freedom，and knowledge for its own sake.Confucius，on the other hand，advised those in government served，and many of his students went on to govenment service.

　　Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life：“Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth，though some had more potential than others，and that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on the individual，and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius，he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.

　　For Socrates，the family was of no importance，and the community of little concern.For Confucius，however，the family was the centre of society，with family relations considered much more important than political relations. Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes. [语篇解读]　本文为说明文，从他们的生长环境和思想等方面，以对比的手法介绍了孔子和苏格拉底。 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph? A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common. B．Confucius had much influenced on Socrates’ideas. C．The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ideas. D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece. 解析：　事实细节题。根据第一段可知答案“孔子和苏格拉底的生活年代相隔一百年，而且在他们的有生之年中国和希腊没有任何联系，但是有趣的是，我们能看到这两位伟大的哲学家所来自的世界是如何影响了他们的思想，他们的思想又如何反过来影响了他们的社会。” 答案：　C 2．Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that________. A．all men were equal when they were born B．the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class C．the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom D．people should not ask others to do what they did not want to 解析：　事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“像孔子一样，他认为上层阶级应该统治下层阶级。”A、D项为孔子的观点。C项为苏格拉底的观点，且文中没提freedom。 答案：　B 3．What made some people different from others according to Confucius? A．Family.　B．Potential. C．Knowledge.D．Community. 解析：　事实细节题。根据第三段第二句话“他设想虽然有些人比其他人有更多的潜能，但人生来是平等的，是知识使人不同”可知答案。 答案：　C

　　4．This passage is organized in the pattern of________. A．time and eventsB．comparison and contrast C．cause and effectD．definition and classification 解析：　推理判断题。本文各段都是以对比孔子和苏格拉底的手法写的。 答案：　B 【长难句】　Kong Zi，also called Confucius，and Socrates lived only a hundred years apart，and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece，but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas，and how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies. 孔子，也叫孔夫子，和苏格拉底的生活年代相隔一百年，而且在他们的有生之年中国和希腊没有任何联系，但是有趣的是我们能看到这两位伟大的哲学家所来自的世界是如何影响了他们的思想，他们的思想又如何反过来影响了他们的社会。

　　此句较长，而且中间包含了多个从句。but引导的并列句，but从句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为to do不定式。不定式中两个how从句为at的宾语，第一个how从句中又包含了定语从句that each of these...作the world的定语。

　　[化难为易]　是非型细节理解题看似简单，实则复杂难选。通常可以通过两种方法解题：一是选“是”法，也就是通过文章的信息逐个确认和文章意思相符的选项，和文章意思不符的选项自然就是正确答案了，这种方法虽然繁琐，但正确率相对较高；二是选“非”法，也就是通过文章的相关信息直接选出和文章意思不符的选项，这种方法对考生理解文章的能力要求较高，要求其能迅速捕捉文章的有效信息排除干扰信息。

　　和“非”型选择题相对应的题型是“是”型选择题，该题型的设题思路通常和“非”型选择题相反，也就是选项中通常有三项的意思和文意不符，有一项的意思与文意和题意都相符。虽然这两类题目的设题方法相反，但是解题思路基本一致。