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2017届高考英语(北师大版)一轮复习综合训练(课件):Module 7 Unit 21 Human Biology

发布时间:2017-02-27  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  4.部分倒装的应用场合

  (1)否定或半否定意义的副词或介词短语置于句首时,引起部分倒

  装结构。常见的词有以下几种:

  ①否定意义系列:no,nowhere,not,never;

  ②否定意义短语“绝不”系列:in no way,at no time,in no case,

  by no means,on no account,on/under no condition;

  ③半否定意义系列:seldom,hardly,scarcely,barely,little,

  few等。如:

  Seldom does he go to the park at weekends.周末他很少去公园。

  By no means is she an inexperienced teacher.

  她绝不是个毫无经验的老师。

  Under no condition should you tell them what happened.

  你绝不能告诉他们所发生的事。

  注意:few,little 作主语或修饰主语时,则用自然语序。如:

  Few students are in the classroom after 10 o’clock in the evening.

  晚上十点钟之后很少有学生在教室里。

  (2)常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的特殊句型。 ①not only...but(also)...连接并列两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装结构,而后一个分句不倒装。如: Not only are the students planting trees,but(also)the teacher is.不仅学生们在种树,老师也在种。 ②neither...nor... 引导两个分句时,两个分句用部分倒装。如: Neither have I seen him recently,nor have I heard from him. 我最近既没见到他,也没收到他的来信。 ③Hardly(Scarcely/Barely)...when..和No sooner...than...句型,意为“一……就………”。当Hardly(Scarcely/Barely) 或No sooner置于句首时,主句的谓语动词用部分倒装,并且主句多用过去完成时。如: Hardly had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.=No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下,电话铃就响了。 ④not until 从句或短语在句首时,后面主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构,而从句不倒装。如: Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.直到看到礼物,她才感到高兴。 注意:若not until 句型用在强调句中,则不倒装。如: It was not until she saw the present that she felt happy. (3)“so+形容词/副词+that”和“such+名词+that”句型,意为“如此……以致于”。当so+形容词/副词,such+名词位于句首时,主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构,

  但从句不倒装。如: So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他讲英语非常清晰,总能让别人听懂。 So beautiful a girl/Such a beautiful girl is she that many young boys fall in love with her. 她是一个如此美丽的姑娘,以致于许多小伙子都爱上了她。 (4)当副词only 强调状语(介词/副词/状语从句),并且置于句首时,句子谓语动词用部分倒装。如: Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只是到了他回来时我们才发现实情。 但如果only不用于以上结构,只修饰主语时,不用倒装。如: Only his brother was right.只有他的弟弟(哥哥)是对的。

  (5)so/neither/nor置于句首,表示前者情况也适用于后者,其句型为:so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.so与前面的肯定句呼应:neither,nor与前面的否定句呼应。 After that we never saw her again,nor did we hear from her. 从那以后我们再也没见过她,也没有收到过她的信件。 I saw the film last week,so did she. 上周我看了这部电影,她也看了。 —I don’t think I can walk any further.——我想我再也走不动了。 —Neither can I.Let’s stop here for a rest. ——我也是,咱们在这儿休息一会儿吧。 He has passed the exam,so have I.他考试及格了,我也是。 If you don’t do the work,neither shall I.如果你不做这项工作,我也不做。 注意:如果后一句只是单纯地重复前句的内容,对其肯定或附和,此时译作“确实”,采用自然语序。 —John won the first prize in the contest. ——约翰在比赛中获得了一等奖。 —So he did.——确实如此。 (6)省略if的虚拟条件句以had/were/should开头引起的倒装。 Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exam.要是他再努力一点,他会通过考试的。 Were she my friend,I would ask her for help. 如果她是我的朋友,我就会请她帮忙。 Should it rain tomorrow,we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 如果明天下雨,我们就推迟去扬浦大桥的参观活动。

  (7)as引导的让步状语从句中,通常把从句中的表语、状语,甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。如: Young as he is,he knows much.尽管年轻,但他阅历丰富。 Try as he might,he failed again.尽管又试了一次,他仍然失败了。 注意:①as 引导的让步状语从句中,当表语是名词,且为单数形式放于句首时,其前不能加冠词。如: Beggar as he is,he looks very proud.尽管是个乞丐,但他看上去很高傲。 ②although引导的让步状语从句不倒装;though 引导的可以倒装,也可以不倒装。 走出误区 要特别注意倒装句中的主谓一致:通常情况下,谓语动词和它前面的主语保持人称和数上的一致,但在倒装句中,主语后置,这时要特别注意句子的主谓一致。 5. 语法专练 1.________,his idea was accepted by all the people at the

  meeting.

  A.Strange as might it sound

  B.As it might sound strange

  C.As strange it might sound

  D.Strange as it might sound

  解析:只有D项符合as引导的倒装句句型:

  形容词+as+主语+谓语。

  答案:D 2.Not until the motorbike looked almost new ________

  repairing and cleaning it.(2008·陕西)

  A.he stopped

  B.did he stop

  C.stopped he

  D.he did stop

  解析:表达否定或半否定意义的副词、介词短语等置于句首

  时,句子采用部分倒装。

  答案:B 3.—How was the televised debate last night?

  —Super! Rarely ________ so much media attention.

  A.a debate attracted

  B.did a debate attract

  C.a debate did attract

  D.attracted a debate

  解析:rarely“极少有地”,是否定词。以否定词开头的句子

  要进行倒装,把助动词放在主语前。

  答案:B 4.Little ________ that we were watching his every move,so he

  seemed to be going his own way in this business.

  A.he realized

  B.he didn’t realize

  C.didn’t he realize

  D.did he realize

  解析:little是否定词,以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装,即

  把助动词移至主语前。又因为little是否定词,所以不能与否

  定词连用。所以选项C是错误的。

  答案:D 5.—My room gets very cold at night.

  —________.

  A.So is mine

  B.So mine is

  C.So does mine

  D.So mine does

  解析:以so开头的句子要进行倒装,表示“……也是如此”。

  根据上文中的“My room gets very cold at night.”中的动词

  gets可确定要用“So does mine.”表示“我的房间夜里也很冷”。

  答案:C 6.________ that Marie was able to set up new branches

  elsewhere.(2007·陕西)

  A.So successful her business was

  B.So successful was her business

  C.So her business was succesful

  D.So was her succesful business

  解析:so/such...that结构中,so或such引导的部分置于句首时,

  主句要倒装。

  答案:B 7.—Did you see who the driver was?

  —No,so quickly________ that I couldn’t get a good look at

  his face.

  A.did the car speed by

  B.the car sped by

  C.does the car speed by

  D.the car speeds by

  解析:so/such...that结构中,so或such引导的部分置于句首

  时,主句要倒装。

  答案:A 8.If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.

  A.he will either

  B.neither will he

  C.he neither will

  D.either he will

  解析:考查倒装句的省略,so/neither+be动词/助动词/情态

  动词+主语,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物。肯

  定用so,否定用neither或nor。

  答案:B 9.Into the sky ________ the light blue smoke.

  A.had gone up

  B.up went

  C.did go up

  D.went up

  解析:考查倒装。在英语中,当句首为表示地点的介词词

  组,并且谓语不是及物动词的sit,live,stand,run,

  come,go等,主语为名词时,常用完全倒装。此句正常

  语序为:The light blue smoke went up into the sky。

  答案:B 10.—Mary looks hot and dry.

  —So ________ you if you had a high fever.

  A.do

  B.are

  C.will

  D.would

  解析:考查倒装。在英语中,以so,neither,nor开头

  的句子表示“也(不)……”时,指前面所说的情况也适用

  于后者,前后两个句子的主语不一致,需倒装,并且

  用助动词或者情态动词代替实义动词,其构成形式;

  so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。因为

  if you had a high fever是虚拟语气,所以此处用

  would,意为“你也一样”。

  答案:D 11.East of our school ________ two companies ________

  make electric motorbikes.

  A.are;that

  B.is;where

  C.is;that

  D.are;where

  解析:考查倒装。在英语中,当句首为表示地点的

  介词词组,并且谓语是不及物动词sit,live,stand,

  run,come等,主语为名词时,常用完全倒装。此句

  正常语序为:Two companies that make electric

  motorbikes are to the east of our school其中,that引

  导的定语从句修饰companies。

  答案:A 12.Despite what I’d been told about the local people’s

  attitude to strangers,at no time ________ any rudeness.

  A.I had met

  B.I met

  C.have I met

  D.did I meet

  解析:考查倒装句。在英语中,表示否定意义或者否定形

  式的词或词组放在句首时,应采用部分倒装。这类词或词

  组常用的有:seldom,little,few,hardly,never,

  rarely,scarcely,not a bit,not until,hardly...when,no

  sooner...than,at no time(从不),by no means(绝不),in

  no case(绝不),on no condition(绝不)等。故D项符合

  题意。

  答案:D 13.________ rapid progress has he made that we all

  admire him.

  A.Very

  B.So

  C.Such

  D.Too

  解析:考查句型辨析。句型so+形容词/副词+that和

  such+形容词+名词+that“如此……以致于……”

  中,若把“so+形容词/副词 ”或“such+形容词+名

  词”提到句首,则主句需部分倒装,从句不倒装。此

  题中progress是名词,所以用such 修饰。

  答案:C 14.—They suggest the number of cars should be limited to

  stop air pollution.

  —________,the idea is not very practical.

  A.Sounds good as it

  B.As it sounds good

  C.As good it sounds

  D.Good as it sounds

  解析:考查倒装。以as引导的让步状语从句,其表语应

  提到句首,其余部分不变,若表语是个名词,要把名

  词前的冠词去掉。句意为:——他们建议要限制汽车的

  数量来制止空气污染。——尽管听起来不错,但是这个

  想法不实际。

  答案:D 15.Hardly ________ closed my eyes ________ I began to

  make this fantastic dream.

  A.had I;when

  B.had I;than

  C.did I;then

  D.did I;when

  解析:考查倒装。hardly/scarcely...when.../no

  sooer...than...“一……就”,是固定句型。该句型中,

  主句要用过去完成时态,从句用一般过去时态。若把

  hardly/scarcely/no sooner放在句首,则主句要部分倒

  装。

  答案:A 1.Not only ________the jewelry she________been sold for her

  son’s debts but also her house.

  A.is;has

  B.has;had

  C.has;has

  D./;has

  解析:题中由于not only置于句首,故用部分倒装结构。第

  一个has为助动词,是谓语动词has been sold中的has提前;

  第二个has为实义动词。句意:为了儿子还债,她不仅把她

  所拥有的珠宝卖了,还有她的房子。

  答案:C 2.________he realized it was too late to go home.

  A.No sooner it grew dark than

  B.Hardly it grew dark when

  C.It was not until dark that

  D.To get dark

  解析:这是一个强调句,对not until dark进行强调。no

  sooner...than...和hardly...when...表示“一……就……”,

  而当no sooner与hardly位于句首时,要有主谓语部分倒

  装,且为过去完成时。句意:直到天渐渐黑了,他才意

  识到回家已经太晚了。

  答案:C 3.I can’t help you clean the office tomorrow.I have got too

  much work ________.

  A.to do to come

  B.doing coming

  C.to do coming

  D.doing to come

  解析:to do与have got too much work搭配,即have got too

  much work to do(有太多工作要做);to come与much前的

  too搭配,构成too...to...句式。句意为“我明天不能来帮你打

  扫办公室了。我有太多工作要做,以至于不能来”。

  答案:A 4.Who is it up________decide whether to go or not?

  A.to to

  B.for for

  C.to for

  D.for to

  解析:陷阱题。第一个to属于it is up to sb.句型,第二个to

  为动词不定式符号。常用的句型是:it is up to sb.to do

  sth.“做某事由某人来决定”。句意:是由谁来决定是去还

  是不去?

  答案:A 5.We’ll be free tomorrow,so I suggest ________to the

  history museum.

  A.to visit

  B.visiting

  C.we should visit

  D.a visit

  解析:此题要特别注意to。visit为及物动词,后面不

  加to,而作名词时可以加to。句意:我们明天有空,

  所以我建议去参观历史博物馆。

  答案:D 【例1】 ________ in the queue for half an hour,the old man

  suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the

  car.(2008·福建,22)

  A.Waiting

  B.To wait

  C.Having waited

  D.To have waited

  【解题方法指导】 句意:排队等了半个小时之后,那个老

  人忽然意识到他把支票忘在车上了。这里是v.­ing形式作

  状语表时间,可以排除B、D选项,因为不定式表示目

  的,不符合题意。waiting是现在分词的一般式,所表示

  的动作往往和主句谓语动词动作同时发生,having

  waited所表示动作往往是已经发生或先于主句谓语动词发

  生的,根据题意“等了半小时之后才意识到”,故选C。

  答案:C 教材原文对照 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months , with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old , the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemis in history

  (P38) 【例2】 The fact has worried many scientists ________ the

  earth is becoming warmer and warmer these

  years.(2009·江西,33)

  A.what

  B.which

  C.that

  D.though

  【解题方法指导】 句意:近年来全球气候不断变暖,这

  一事实使得很多科学家感到担忧。本题考查同位语从

  句。该题同位语从句结构完整,故选连词that。

  答案:C 教材原文对照 Meanwhile , governments worldwide have also underlinde the fact that thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible

  (P39) 【例3】 Compared with his sister,Jerry is even more

  ________ to,and more easily troubled by,emotional

  and relationship problems.(2009·江苏,27)

  A.sceptical

  B.addicted

  C.available

  D.sensitive

  【解题方法指导】 句意:Jerry和他的妹妹相比,情感

  和人际关系方面的问题更敏感,更容易被困扰。

  sceptical adj.怀疑的;addicted adj.沉迷的;available

  adj.(指物)可用的或可得到的;(指人)可会见的,可与之

  交谈的;sensitive adj.敏感的,神经过敏的,易受伤害的。

  答案:D 教材原文对照

  The recent case of an American woman , Terri Schiavo , whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state ,

  has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients .

  (P40) 即学即用 翻译句子 ⑳半数以上的职员是临时雇员。

  _________________________________________________

  她是临时在这儿工作。

  ________________________________________________

  答案:⑳More than half of the staff are temporary.

  She’s only working here temporarily. 21 21 12.decline vt.下降;婉拒,婉言谢绝

  【精讲拓展】

  decline steadily持续下降

  decline an offer婉拒提议

  decline to do sth.婉拒做某事

  decline n.下降,减少

  a decline in...在……的方面的减少

  fall/go into a decline不景气

  in decline=on the decline在下降,在衰退

  declining adj.越来越少的;越来越差的

  警示误区:decline作“婉言谢绝”讲时,不能用人作宾

  语。即不能说成I declined him.或He was declined。 【典型例句】 His influence declined as he grew older. 随着年龄的增长,他的影响力降低了。 I asked them home for a snack,but they declined. 我请他们来家里吃顿便饭,他们谢绝了。[美国传统] The official at first declined to make a statememt,but later she agreed. 这位官员起初拒绝发表声明,但后来她又同意了。[朗文当代] The birthrate is on the decline.出生率在下降。[朗文当代] There has been a sharp decline in profits this year. 今年的利润大幅度下降。[朗文当代] 【词语辨析】 refuse/decline/reject/turn down (1)上述动词或短语皆指“拒绝”,指不去做别人要求你所做的事或不接受别人提供的某物。但拒绝不同的事物要用不同的动词。 refuse/decline an invitation拒绝邀请 refuse permission拒绝批准 decline/reject/turn down a suggestion拒绝一项建议 refuse/decline/reject/turn down an offer拒绝提议或报价 reject/turn down a plan/a proposal拒绝一个计划或建议 (2)decline比refuse更礼貌些,而且口气不很坚决。 I offered to give them a lift but they declined. 我主动邀请他们搭车,但他们婉言谢绝了。 The prisoner refused to give his name.那个囚犯拒绝说出他的姓名。 (3)用decline表示用言辞拒绝,而reject或refuse则不一定用言辞表示。 The horse rejected/refused the apple.这匹马不肯吃苹果。 The minister declined to comment on the rumours. 部长拒绝对那些传言发表评论。 即学即用 翻译句子 他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。 ________________________________________________________________________ 他婉言谢绝了我的邀请。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:

  His interest in computer games is now in decline.

  He declined my invitation. 22 23 22 23 13.submit vt.提交

  【精讲拓展】

  submit sth.to sth.将……提交给……

  submit oneself to sth.自愿服从……

  submit to sth.忍受……

  submit to...向……认输/屈服

  make a submission to...向……作出陈述

  in submission投降

  警示误区:在submit...to词组中,to为介词。

  【典型例句】

  He was losing the fight but he would not submit.他正节节败

  退,但是他并不服输。[朗文当代]

  We are submitting the proposal to the committee for their

  approval.

  我们把建议提交委员会审批。[朗文当代] They submitted themselves to his judgment. 他们服从他的判决。[美国传统] June the third is the last date for submission of entries for the competition. 6月3日是提交参赛表格的最后期限。[朗文当代] He expects his wife to be meek and submissive. 他期望妻子温顺而且完全听他摆布。[朗文当代] 即学即用 完成句子

  我把试卷交给主考老师。

  I ________ my papers ________ the examiner.

  我听从你的明智的判断。

  I ________ ________your superior judgement.

  答案:

  submitted;to 

  submit to 24 24 25 25 重点短语 1.at random随便地,随意地

  【精讲拓展】

  (1)random adj.胡乱的,任意的,随机的

  (2)a random sample of voters随机抽样挑出的投票者

  (3)the random killing of innocent people对无辜者的随意杀戮

  (4)randomly selected/distributed随意挑选的/任意分配的

  (5)an element of randomness to the situation

  形势的不稳定因素

  【典型例句】

  The people for the experiment were chosen completely at

  random.

  用来作实验的人完全是随意挑选的。[朗文当代]

  He fired a few random shots.他乱放了几枪。[朗文当代]

  The books were randomly arranged on the shelves.

  书被胡乱地放在书架上。[美国传统] 即学即用 He opened the book ________ and started reading. A.in vain

  B.full of faith

  C.at once

  D.at random 解析:本题考查介词短语辨析。句意为:他随意地打开一本书就开始读起来。in vain“徒然”;full of faith“满怀信心”;at once“立刻”;at random“随便地,随意地”。根据句意,答案为D。 答案:D He was not listening and made a ________ answer to the teacher’s question. A.random

  B.careful

  C.strict

  D.at random 解析:本题考查词义辨析。句意为:他没听讲,对教师的问题乱答一通。random意为“胡乱的,随便的”;careful“仔细的,认真的”;strict“严格的”;at random为介词短语“随意地,随便地”。根据句意,答案为A。 答案:A 26 27 2.stop sth.in its tracks终止,消灭

  【精讲拓展1】

  stop n.&v.停止

  come to a stop停止,停下来

  put a stop to sth.停止运动,停下

  stop doing sth.停止做某事

  stop to do sth.停下来去做某事

  警示误区:注意stop to do sth.与stop doing sth.的区别。如:

  He stopped to listen.他停下来听。

  He stopped listening.他不再听了。 【典型例句】 They stopped dead in their tracks when they saw the bull charging towards them. 他们看到公牛向他们冲来时,猛地站住了。[朗文当代] Her parents are trying to stop me seeing her. 她父母企图阻止我见她。[朗文当代] Stop by if you’re in town. 如果你在城里就过来坐坐。[美国传统] Work on the project has come to a stop. 该工程的施工已经停下来了。[朗文当代] The new law put a stop to all the tax evasion that had been going on. 新法律制止了一直存在的各种偷税漏税活动。[朗文当代] 即学即用 单句改错

  If the paper factories go on putting the waste water into the

  river,the fish will be stop in their tracks.________

  They stopped to work and went to have lunch.________

  答案:

  stop→stopped to work→working

  【精讲拓展2】

  (1)track v.跟踪n.踪迹,跑道,车辙

  (2)track down追踪到,追查到

  (3)on the track of跟踪

  (4)keep/lose track of sb./sth.与……保持/失去联系;了解/不

  了解……的动态;掌握/失去……的线索

  (5)track the plane by radar用雷达追踪那架飞机 28 28 29 29 【典型例句】 The dog tracked the wolf to its lair.

  狗追踪那匹狼一直到它的巢穴。 I finally managed to track down the book you wanted in a shop near the station. 我在车站附近的一家书店里终于找到了你想要的那本书。 Police are on the track of a gang that has robbed five post offices in the last month. 警察正在追踪过去一个月里抢劫了五家邮局的一帮匪徒。 即学即用 He tries hard to keep ________ the two pandas:Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan. A touch of

  B.track of

  C.the track

  D.the track of 解析:keep track of...“了解……的动态;跟踪……的进展”,所以答案为B。 答案:B 30 重点句型 1.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months,with

  a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the

  old,the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most

  acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5

  千万人丧命,并且发病的倾向为:年轻力壮的而不是老

  年人容易发病,它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染

  病。

  【精讲拓展】

  (1)be believed to do sth.“被认为是……”,当主语为某物

  或某人时,后用动词不定式作主语补足语。 (2)具有相同用法的动词有:hope,report,think,suggest,order,require,suppose,know,say等 (3)此种用法可转换为下列句型: It’s believed that从句= Sb./Sth.is believed to do sth. It’s said that the book has been translated into French.=People say that the book has been translated into French.=The book is said to have been translated into French. 据说那本书已经被译成法语。 警示误区:It’s suggested /required/demanded that从句中,that从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should +动词原形,should可以省略。 【典型例句】 The banks are widely believed to be planning a cut in interest rates. 人们普遍认为银行正在计划降低利率。[朗文当代] He’s said to be the richest man in the world. 据说他是世界上的头号富翁。[朗文当代] The government is thought to be planning an election in June. 据认为政府正计划在六月举行大选。[朗文当代] He is reported to have been seen in Brighton. 据说有人在布赖顿见到他了。[朗文当代] All passengers are required to show their tickets. 所有乘客都要交验车票。[朗文当代]

  即学即用 His sister is said ________ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping there yesterday. A.to be badly treated

  B.badly treating C.being badly treated

  D.to have been badly treated 解析:考查sb.be said to have done 结构,意为“据说某人已经做过某事”;并且his sister 与 treat 为逻辑上的动宾关系。 答案:D 31 2.When he went to the doctor that day,he could not have

  known what was about to happen to him.当那天他去看

  病时,他一定不知道什么事将会发生在他身上。

  【精讲拓展】

  (1)could not have done sth.“过去一定没有做某事”,是

  对过去发生的行为进行推测。

  (2)can/could have done sth.表示对过去发生的行为的怀

  疑和不肯定,通常用于否定句和疑问句中。

  (3)could have done sth.可用于肯定句,表示“可能已

  经……”之意。此外,还可以表示过去本来能够实现却没

  有实现的可能性,含有遗憾的意思,意为“本来可

  以……”。

  (4)must have done sth.表示对过去已经发生的行为进行

  推测,意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”。 (5)may /might have done sth.表示对过去已经发生的行为的推测,意为“也许/或许已经(没有)……”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”,不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。) (6)should /ought to have done sth.用于肯定句时,表示“过去本该做某事,而实际上未做”;用于否定句时,则表示“过去不该做某事反而做了”。 (7)needn’t have done sth.表示过去做了其实不必做的事,可译为“本可不必,满可以不”等。 (8)would rather have done sth.表示“当时宁愿做某事”,其否定式 would rather not have done sth.表达相反的含义,两者都表示“后悔”之意。 (9)would like/ love to have done sth.表示过去愿意做某事,但未做成。 (10)would have done sth.“原想……”表示原本并不期望发生,而事实上已经发生的事。

  【典型例句】 We couldn’t have picked a worse day for the picnic—it rained nonstop. 我们挑选去野餐的日子挑选得再遭不过了——那天雨一直下个不停。[朗文当代] In my view,this accident could have been prevented. 依我看,这次事故本来是可以避免的。[朗文当代] There’s nobody here—they must have all gone home. 这里一个人也没有——他们必定全都回家了。[朗文当代] You needn’t have told him the news;he knew it already. 你本来不必告诉他那消息,他早就知道了。[朗文当代] He oughtn’t to have said that (but he did). 他就不该说那些话。[朗文当代] 即学即用 —My cat’s really fat. —You ________ have given her so much food. A.wouldn’t

  B.couldn’t

  C.shouldn’t

  D.mustn’t 解析:本题考查情态动词should have+过去分词的用法。句意为:——我的猫真肥。——你本来不该给她如此多的食物。should not have done sth.表示本不应该做,而事实上做了。根据句意,答案为C。 答案:C 32 3.Ben Johnson would still be in the 100 meters world record

  holder if he had not been caught taking drugs in the 1988

  Olympics.

  【精讲拓展】

  该句中if 引导的错综条件句,属虚拟语气的一种。其结构是:

  if从句谓语用had done(过去完成时)假设过去的情况;主句谓

  语用would / could /might + do,讲述现在的情况。 【典型例句】 He would not stand here talking to you if he had died in the car accident. 他要是已经在车祸中死了的话,他就不会站在这儿跟你说话了。(事实:他在车祸中没死,现在在跟你说话) If you had finished your homework yesterday,you could go out to play now. 要是你昨天就把作业做完的话,现在不就可以出去玩了吗?(事实:昨天没把作业做完,现在不能出去玩) 即学即用 If you ________ my advice,you would not feel sorry now. A.followed

  B.had followed

  C.was following

  D.would follow 解析:本题考查if引导的错综条件句。句意:如果你当初听我的建议的话,你现在就不会后悔了。(事实:当初没有听我的建议,所以现在后悔了。) 答案:B

  33 4.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic,

  especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies

  of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that

  Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.

  【精讲拓展】

  这是一个较为复杂的句子。结构分析:as引导时间状语

  从句,“当……时候”。在该从句中scientists...proved...是

  主句;其中又含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句。

  (1)who studied tissue from the bodies of people是定语从

  句,修饰先行词scientists。

  (2)who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu也是定语从句,修饰

  先行词people。

  (3)that引导宾语从句,作proved的宾语。 即学即用 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ________ people were eaten by the tiger.(广东) A.in which

  B.by which

  C.which

  D.that 解析:在本句中有两个定语从句和一个由when引导的时间状语从句。who had seen the film是定语从句,修饰先行词many people; in which people were eaten by the tiger也是定语从句,修饰先行词scenes。句意:许多看过那部电影的人,当他们想起有人被老虎吃掉的场景时,不敢去森林。 答案:A 34 名师原创 1.It’s doubtful ________ John will come on time,for he is

  always late.

  A.about

  B.why

  C.how

  D.whether

  解析:考查词语辨析。句意为:约翰是否能按时来还不确

  定,因为他总是迟到。“是否”用whether,故答案为D。

  答案:D 2.He’s self­confident.He won’t ________ anyone questioning

  his decisions.

  A.tolerate

  B.hold

  C.allow

  D.permit

  解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。句意为:他很自信,他不

  容忍任何人对他的决定提出质疑。tolerate“容忍,忍

  受”;hold“容纳”;allow和permit意为“允许”,句型为

  permit/allow sb.to do sth.。根据句意,答案为A。

  答案:A 3.She as well as the two guides ________ the idea of

  climbing the mountain in such bad weather.

  A.opposed to

  B.objected to

  C.are opposed to

  D.approved

  解析:“反对某人/事”可用oppose sb./sth.或 be

  opposed to sb./sth.,as well as 连接并列主语时,谓语

  动词的单复数要根据as well as前的主语来确定,

  approve当“同意”讲时,是不及物动词,与介词of 连

  用,object to“反对”,符合句意。故选B项。

  答案:B 4.Ten years ago,John and Tom ________ at the

  entrance to this restaurant;John went to the west to

  ________ his fortune while Tom stayed.

  A.parted;seek

  B.separated;hunt

  C.departed;seek

  D.divided;found out

  解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。句意为:十年前,约

  翰和汤姆在这个饭店入口处分手;约翰去西部寻找发

  财的机会,而汤姆留了下来。part “分手”;separate

  “分离”;depart “启程”;divide “分开”;“寻找发财

  的机会”为seek one’s fortune 根据句意,答案为A。

  答案:A 倒 装 1.倒装的含义

  在英语中,主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在

  后。但有时为了强调句子的某一部分或其他原因,谓语需

  要全部或部分移到主语的前面,这叫语序倒装。 2.倒装的分类

  倒装有两种:全部倒装和部分倒装。在倒装语序中,若整

  个谓语都在主语之前,称为全部倒装。若谓语一部分(通

  常是助动词、情态动词或be动词)位于主语之前,则称之

  为部分倒装。 3.全部倒装的应用场合

  (1)There be 句型中,其中be 可换作appear,come,

  exist,happen,lie,remain,seem,stand,ring等动词。

  如:

  There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.

  山顶上有一座寺庙。

  There rings the bell.铃响了。

  (2)由副词here there,now,then 等开头的句子,谓语动词

  是be,come,follow,go,begin等,且主语是名词时。如:

  There goes the last bus.末班车开走了。

  Here are some picture books.这是一些图画书。

  注意:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。如:

  Here it is.

  Here it comes. (3)表“动态”的副词in,out等置于句首作状语,且句子主语是名词时。如: Out rushed the boy,crying .那个男孩哭着跑出来了。 Down drops the meat into the fox’s mouth. 那块肉一下子掉入狐狸的嘴里。 注意:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。如: In she came and the lesson began.她走进来开始上课。 (4)表示地点的介词词组位于句首时。如: North of the city lies a river.城北有条河。 In the distance lies a car.远处有辆汽车。 In front of our house stands a big tree.我们的房

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