2017届高考英语一轮复习教案：7.3《Under the sea》（人教版选修7）

　　Unit 3　Under the sea

　　教 材 面 面 观

　　单词拓展

　　1.________adj.每年的；按年度计算的　n．年刊；年鉴

　　2．________n．住所；住宿　________vt.供应；供给

　　3．________vi.逃避；逃跑　vt.逃离　________(过去式、过去分词)

　　4．________n．深，深度；深处　________adj.深的

　　5．________vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃　________n．放弃；遗弃；抛弃　________adj.被抛弃的；被遗弃的

　　6．________n．关系；血缘关系；交往　________n．关系；联系；亲戚　________adj.有关系的；相对的

　　7．________vt.映射；反射vt. & vi.思考　________n．反射；映象；沉思

　　8．________adj.纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的　________adv.纯地；纯粹地；纯洁地　________n．纯洁；纯净；纯度　________vt.使纯净；提纯

　　9．________adj.意识的；知道的　________n．意识；清醒

　　10．________adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的　________adv.生动地；鲜明地　________n．活泼；明亮

　　11．________adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的　________adv.勉强地；精细地

　　12．________adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的　________adv.尖锐地　________vt.削尖；磨快　________n．磨具；削具

　　13．________adj.好吃的；可口的　________vt.品尝；体验

　　14．________vt.恐吓vt.受惊吓　________adj.恐惧的　________adj.令人恐惧的

　　15．________n．养老金；退休金　________n．领退休金或养老金的人短语回顾1.________the meantime与此期间；与此同时

　　2．be/become________of

　　对……知道、明白；意识到……

　　3．(be)________to death

　　吓死了

　　4．draw________

　　靠近

　　5．hold________

　　阻挡

　　6．help(...)________

　　帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难

　　7．upside________

　　上下翻转

　　8．sort________

　　整理；分类；收拾

　　9．________at

　　瞄准

　　10．be________to do sth.

　　正要做某事句型背诵1.This was the call________announced there was________ ________ ________a whale hunt.

　　这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。

　　2．...I could see he was terrified of________ ________ ________us.

　　……我可以看出他非常害怕被我们抛弃。

　　3．The first thing I________ ________ ________was all the vivid colours________me...

　　我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩……

　　4．We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal ________itself out of the water and then ________ down again.

　　我们及时跑到海边，看到一个巨大的动物跃出水面而后又跌入水中。

　　5．I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, ________ us the way.

　　我低头朝水中看去，看到老汤姆正在船边游着，为我们引路。

　　6．A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, ________ us to the hunt again.

　　几分钟以后，汤姆不见了，乔治开始用浆击打水面，汤姆又出现了，围着小船转圈，又带着我们捕猎了。

　　自我诊断

　　单词拓展

　　1．annual　2.accommodation；accommodate　3.flee；fled　4.depth；deep　5.abandon；abandonment；abandoned　6.relationship；relation；relative　7.reflect；reflection　8.pure；purely；purity；purify　9.aware；awareness　10.vivid；vividly；vividness　11.narrow；narrowly　12.sharp；sharply；sharpen；sharpener　13.tasty；taste　14.scare；scared；scaring　15.pension；pensioner

　　短语回顾

　　1．in　2.aware　3.scared　4.near　5.up　6.out　7.down　8.out　9.aim　10.about

　　句型背诵

　　1．that；about to be　2.being abandoned by　3.became aware of；surrounding　4.throwing; crashing　5.showing　6.leading

　　考 点 串 串 讲

　　重点单词1.abandon vt.放弃，抛弃(某人)，放弃(计划、希望等)，离开(家园)；遗弃(孩子)；沉溺于……　n．尽情；放纵

　　abandon oneself to沉湎于……

　　abandon sth.放弃某物

　　with abandon放肆地；恣意地

　　①He abandoned himself to despair.

　　他陷入绝望中。

　　②Jackson has abandoned his old car.

　　杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。

　　③People were shouting and cheering with abandon.

　　人们兴高采烈，纵情欢呼。

　　●易混辨析

　　abandon, desert, quit与give up

　　abandon指不得已而遗弃、放弃人或事物。

　　desert强调故意逃避应尽的义务和职责，违背誓言，有责难之意。

　　quit指“放弃，退出，离开”，多指突然或不情愿放弃，也有“中止；离职，辞职”的意思。

　　give up为常用词，多用于口语，与abandon同义。

　　①The research plan was abandoned because of the poor conditions.

　　这项研究计划因为条件差被放弃。

　　②Never desert a friend in need.

　　决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。

　　③My father has quit smoking.

　　我父亲已戒烟了。

　　④I can't answer that puzzle; I give up.

　　我猜不出这个谜语，我认输了。

　　●用法拓展

　　abandoned adj.被放弃的；无约束的；放荡的

　　Hong Zhanhui brought up a girl abandoned by her parents.

　　洪战辉抚养了一个被父母遗弃的女孩。即境活用单项填空

　　①A good teacher would not let her students ________.

　　A．abandonB．desert

　　C．abandoned

　　D．abandoning

　　用abandon/desert/quit/give up填空

　　②Don't ________ yourself to drinking.

　　③The village was ________ because of the flood.

　　④He ________ smoking and drinking definitely.

　　⑤My daughter ________ the idea of going abroad.

　　答案：①C　②abandon　③deserted　④quit/gave up　gave up/quit　

　　2．witness n．目击者；证人；证据　vt.当场见到；目击

　　He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.

　　他证明看到那个人进了房间。

　　The police found the witness to the murder case.

　　警察找到了那个谋杀案的目击者。

　　●用法拓展

　　in witness of...作为……的证据/证人

　　a witness/witnesses to……的证人/证据

　　witness to证实；证明

　　bear/give witness to...作为……的证据

　　witness n．证人，目击者；证词

　　give/bear false witness作伪证

　　He witnessed the accident.＝He was a witness to the accident.

　　他亲眼看见了那个意外事故。

　　He witnessed the truth of my statement.

　　他证明我的陈述真实。

　　即境活用

　　单项填空

　　After the explosion，the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the________.

　　A．on­lookersB．viewers

　　C．people

　　D．witnesses

　　答案：D

　　3．flee vi.逃走，逃掉　vt.逃离，逃避

　　Samuel has fled.塞缪尔已经逃跑了。

　　Why does she always flee any kind of responsibility?

　　她为什么总是逃避责任？

　　During the civil war thousands of people fled the country.

　　在内战期间成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。

　　●归纳延伸

　　flee away逃离

　　flee from从……逃离；避免

　　flee to逃至

　　flee in terror惊慌逃跑即境活用翻译句子

　　他杀死了他的敌人，然后逃离了那个国家。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：He killed his enemy and fled the country.　

　　4．narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的

　　He moves in a narrow circle of friends.

　　他生活在狭小的朋友圈子里。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)narrow还可以表示“所余不多的，勉强的”

　　(2)narrowly adv.仅仅，勉强地，严密地

　　(3)a narrow victory险胜

　　(4)in a narrow sense在狭义上

　　(5)narrow majority微弱多数

　　(6)by a narrow margin相差不多地

　　(7)narrow down缩小(范围等)

　　①They had a narrow victory over the enemy in the battle.

　　在那次战斗中他们勉强胜过了敌人。

　　②He narrowly escaped drowning.

　　他差一点儿淹死。

　　③Watch that fellow narrowly.

　　注意看着那家伙。

　　5．offer vt.提供；主动提出；报价

　　①The company has offered a high salary.

　　这家公司提供高薪。

　　②Television began to offer some programmes from foreign countries.

　　电视开始播出一些外国的节目。

　　③We offered him a lift, but he didn't accept.

　　我们建议他搭我们的便车，但他没有接受。

　　④He offered to lend me his bike.

　　他表示愿意把他的自行车借给我。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)offer可用于offer sth. to sb., offer sb. sth., offer to do sth.等结构。

　　(2)offer作名词用，表示“提议；提供；给予；出价；报价”，后面可接不定式或of介词短语，两者均作offer的定语。

　　(3)made an offer of主动提出；报价。

　　①He made an offer of help.

　　他主动提供帮助。

　　②They made an offer of $3,000 for the car.

　　他们出价三千美元买这辆小汽车。

　　③Thank you for your kind offer to help.

　　谢谢你愿意帮忙的好意。

　　④She offered me the job.(＝She offered the job to me.)

　　她向我提供了这份工作。即境活用单项填空

　　He ________ me a chance to do the experiment once again.

　　A．offeredB．supplied

　　C．provided

　　D．lent

　　答案：A　

　　6．accommodation n．住所；(pl.)住宿，膳宿；提供便利的设备(或用具)；适应，调节；调解，和解

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)accommodate (sth./oneself)to＝adapt (sth./oneself)to 使(某物/自己)适应(或顺应)

　　(2)accommodate sb. with...＝supply sb. with...向某人提供……

　　(3)make accommodations for为……提供膳宿

　　(4)book accommodations at a hotel向旅馆预订房间

　　(5)arrange sb.'s accommodation给某人安排住处

　　①The hall can only accommodate 200 people.

　　这个大厅只能容纳200人。

　　②We've made every effort to accommodate your point of view.

　　我们已经尽力迁就你们的观点。

　　③We reached an accommodation between both parties.

　　我们双方达成了和解。即境活用单项填空

　　More and more travelers are looking for bed and breakfast ________ in private homes.

　　A．accommodations　B．service

　　C．advantage

　　D．offer

　　答案：A　

　　7．aware adj.意识到的；知道的

　　(1)be/become aware of sth./that.../wh­clause知道，明白，意识到……

　　(2)make sb. aware of sth.使某人明白某事

　　(3)就我所知

　　(4)lack of awareness一无所知

　　①Most smokers are perfectly aware of the dangers of smoking.

　　大多数吸烟者完全知道吸烟的危害。

　　②It's time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.

　　该有人让他明白他的所作所为所造成的后果了。

　　③So far as I'm aware this is the first time a British rider has won the competition.

　　就我所知，这是英国骑师第一次赢得这项竞赛。

　　●易混辨析

　　aware与conscious

　　二者都可表示“意识到的”，都可用于be aware/conscious of结构，但aware指感官上的知觉；而conscious指内心所意识到的感觉。

　　I suddenly felt aware of somebody watching me.

　　我突然觉得有人盯着我看。

　　He became acutely conscious of having failed his parents.

　　他深深感到自己辜负了父母(的期望)。即境活用单项填空

　　①The event made people ________ the world hunger.

　　A．come aboutB．curious about

　　C．aware of

　　D．adapted to

　　翻译句子

　　②她发觉有东西烧着了。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：①C

　　②She became aware that something was burning.　

　　8．scare vt.恐吓　vi.受惊吓

　　(1)(be) scared to death吓死了

　　(2)be scared of sb./(doing)sth.害怕某人/恐惧(干)某事

　　(3)scare sb. into doing sth.恐吓/威胁某人做某事

　　(4)be scared to do sth.不敢干某事

　　(5)scare...away/off把……吓跑

　　(6)scared adj.担惊受怕的

　　Ignore him, he's just trying to scare us.

　　不要理他，他只是想吓唬我们罢了。

　　Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well.

　　有些父母试图用吓唬的法子使孩子守规矩。

　　We lit fires to scare away the wolves.

　　我们点起火堆来吓跑狼群。

　　即境活用用适当的介副词填空

　　①He scares people ________ by being so brash.

　　②They scared him ________ handing over the keys.

　　答案：①away　②into　

　　9．reflect vt.&vi.反射；表达；反映；考虑

　　A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look into it.

　　当你照镜子时，镜子映出你的形象。

　　Does this letter reflect how you really think?

　　这封信是否表达了你真实的想法？

　　He reflected before answering my question.

　　他在回答我的问题之前仔细考虑了一下。

　　His face was reflected in the mirror.

　　他的脸映照在镜子里。

　　●用法拓展

　　reflect on/upon招致；考虑，思考；给……带来(坏)影响

　　reflect sb./sth. in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像

　　reflect sth. from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)

　　reflection n．反射；反照；反映；映像；倒影

　　be lost in reflection陷入沉思中

　　The unemployment figures reflect badly on the government's policies.

　　失业数字给政府的政策带来很坏的影响。

　　Such behavior will only reflect discredit on yourself.

　　那样的行为只会影响到你自己的信誉。

　　I need time to reflect on your offer.

　　我需要时间来考虑你的建议。

　　The mountains were reflected in the lake.

　　山在湖面上反映出来。

　　This material absorbs the sound，and doesn't reflect it.

　　这种材料吸音，而不产生回音。

　　●易混辨析

　　reflect和consider

　　reflect表示思考的方式，回顾、回想发生过的事情，常与on或upon连用。

　　consider包括了推理、用抽象的概念思考和对未来的思考。

　　After reflecting for a time he decided not to go.

　　仔细思考后，他决定不去了。

　　We have considered your application carefully，but can not offer you the job.

　　我们已经认真考虑了你的申请，但不能聘请你做这份工作。即境活用单项填空

　　①Usually a child's behavior is a________of his family environment.

　　A．recognition

　　B．reflection

　　C．return

　　D．record

　　②The________of the trees in the water was very clear.

　　A．mirror

　　B．reflection

　　C．shadow

　　D．sight

　　答案：①B　②B　

　　10．opposite prep.在……对面 adj.相对的；相反的；(在……)对面的 adv.在对面，对过 n．相反的人(事物)；对立物

　　●用法拓展

　　be the opposite of...……的相反者/对立物

　　quite/just the opposite完全/正好相反

　　at opposite ends of the city在城市的两端

　　in the opposite direction向相反的方向

　　●特别提醒

　　opposite词性较多，在使用时尤其要注意其副词词性和形容词词性的不同用法。如短语the houses opposite“对面的房子”中opposite为形容词，作后置定语；而在He lives just opposite“他就住在对面”中opposite为副词。即境活用单项填空

　　In England you must drive on the________side of the road to the rest of Europe.

　　A．opposite

　　B．opposition

　　C．oppress

　　D．opposed

　　答案：A　句意为：在英国路上开车，要与欧洲其他国家相反。opposite adj.“相对的，对面的”；opposition n．“反对，敌对”；oppress vt.“压迫”；opposed adj.“反对的”。

　　11．drag vt.拖；拉 vi.拖曳；吸

　　●用法拓展

　　drag on没完没了地延续下去；拖延

　　drag sth. out of sb.套某人的话，强迫某人说出

　　drag(sth.)up提起(不愿回忆或谈论的事)

　　drag sb. down使某人虚弱；使某人情绪低落

　　●易混辨析

　　pull，draw与drag

　　①pull拉；普通用语，指用力 ，但不强调力的大小(与push相对)。

　　②draw通常表示“向前方拖”，或“向施加力的人或物的方向拖或拉”，并且包含着“比较容易地或平滑地运动”之意；draw还具有“拔(出)；汲取，吸引”之意。

　　③drag指“慢慢地而沉重地拽”，常指拖笨重的、阻力很大的东西。

　　He dragged a heavy box out of the room.

　　他把一只很重的箱子从屋里拖出来。

　　I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.

　　我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。

　　Draw your chair up to the table.

　　把你的椅子拉到桌子旁边来。即境活用选词填空：drag，pull，draw

　　①While you were on the phone，the boy________the tablecloth off the table.

　　②After some time，he began to________the net in.

　　③We________the fallen tree to clear the road.

　　答案：①pulled　②draw　③dragged

　　12．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策；力促；力劝

　　●用法拓展

　　urge sb. to do(into doing)sth.力劝某人干某事

　　sb.urge that...某人力劝……(从句用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should可省略)

　　urge sb./sth. forward驱策某人/某物，使某人/某物前行

　　urge sb.on激励某人即境活用单项填空

　　He urged that we________at once.

　　A．go

　　B．went

　　C．going

　　D．to go

　　答案：A　urge后加宾语从句，从句中要用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，其中should可以省略。

　　重点短语

　　1.in the meantime在……期间，同时

　　The next programme starts in five minutes，in the meantime, here's some music.

　　下一个节目五分钟后开始，现在先播放些音乐。

　　●特别提醒

　　in the meantime的同义词是meanwhile。

　　I went to college. Meanwhile, all my friends got well­paid jobs.

　　我上大学去了，那时我的朋友全都找到了收入不错的工作。即境活用翻译句子

　　她预定星期四到达。这期间我们做什么呢？

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：She is due to arrive on Thursday.In the meantime, what shall we do？　

　　2．scare to death吓坏了，吓得要死

　　You scared me to death.

　　你把我吓死了。

　　●用法拓展

　　scare sb. away/off把某人吓跑

　　scare sb. into/out of sth.(doing sth.)吓得某人做/不敢做某事

　　scared adj.惊恐的，恐惧的

　　be scared to sth.害怕干某事

　　It scares sb. to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事

　　be scared of(to do)惊恐；恐惧

　　scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的

　　That noise scared me.

　　那声音把我吓坏了。

　　He scared easily.

　　他动不动就害怕。

　　They lighted a fire to scare off the wolves.

　　他们点起火来把狼吓跑。

　　It is a dark scary street.

　　那是一条令人害怕的漆黑街道。

　　The story he told me was the scariest one I ever heard.

　　他讲的故事是我听到过的最令人害怕的一个。

　　Don't be so scary.We're quite safe.

　　别这么胆怯，我们很安全。

　　●温馨提示

　　scare to death中介词to表示到达某种结果。如：

　　starve to death饿死；beat sb. to death打死某人；sentence sb. to death判某人死刑；be tired to death累极了；be bored to death烦透了；work oneself to death积劳而死

　　My income this month has amounted to 5,000 dollars.

　　我这个月的收入已达5,000美元。

　　She tore the letter to piece.

　　她把那封信撕得粉碎。

　　The train slowed to a stop.

　　火车减速停车。即境活用单项填空

　　①Janie lay on the floor________，too________to move.

　　A．trembled；scaring

　　B．trembling；scaring

　　C．trembling；scared

　　D．trembled；scared

　　②When Mary heard the story of the hero，she was moved________tears.

　　A．at

　　B．to

　　C．by

　　D．with

　　答案：①C　②B　

　　3．help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危险；协助；使(某人)脱离困境

　　●用法拓展

　　help sb. with/(to)do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事

　　help sb. into/out of扶某人进入/出去

　　can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事

　　can't help but do只得做，不得不做

　　help yourself(to sth.)为自己取(食物等)

　　with the help of sb.＝with one's help在……的帮助下

　　即境活用

　　单项填空

　　①I don't know how to translate the sentence.Could you help me________？

　　A．with

　　B．through

　　C．across

　　D．out

　　用help的适当短语填空

　　②He's always willing to________when we're short of staff.

　　③Hearing the news，she________laughing.

　　④Would you________me________my English?

　　答案：①D　help sb. out意为“帮助某人摆脱困境”，为固定搭配。

　　②help out　③can't help　④help；with

　　重点句式

　　1.It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.

　　那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。

　　句中有两个定语从句，分别是：when the killer whales，or “killers”．..helped the whalers catch the baleen whales修饰a time和that were on their annual migration修饰the baleen whales。如：

　　We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.

　　我们生活在很多事情都可以用计算机完成的时代。即境活用单项填空

　　①Mr. Crossett will never forget the day________he spent with his various students.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．during which

　　D．on which

　　②The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months，________the sailing time was 226 days.

　　A．of which

　　B．during which

　　C．from which

　　D．for which

　　答案：①B　②A　

　　2．This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.

　　这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的声音。

　　be about to do即将，将要。如：

　　Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin.

　　又一段充满危险和挑战的旅程就要开始了。

　　●特别提醒

　　be about to do表示马上就要发生的事情，一般不再与具体的时间状语连用。如：

　　He is about to leave at 5 pm.()

　　下午5点时他正要离开。

　　be about to do经常与when连用，表示“正要做……突然”。如：

　　He was about to go out when the telephone rang.

　　当电话响的时候他正要出去。

　　即境活用

　　完成句子

　　He __________________________(正准备离开)when he remembered an important thing.

　　答案：was about to leave　

　　3．The fish didn't seem to mind me swimming among them.

　　这些鱼似乎并不介意我在它们中间游来游去。

　　mind (me/my) swimming意为“介意某人做”。在下列词后面用doing作宾语：

　　admit, advice, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand等。如：

　　He tried to avoid answering my questions.

　　他试图避免回答我的问题。即境活用单项填空

　　①Would you mind ________ me how to use the dictionary?

　　A．to tell　B．to have told

　　C．telling

　　D．being told

　　②He likes hearing his own voice. He never stops ________.

　　A．telling

　　B．talking

　　C．to tell

　　D．to talk

　　③I really can't understand ________ her like that.

　　A．you treat

　　B．you to treat

　　C．why treat

　　D．you treating

　　答案：①C　②B　③D　

　　4．It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves，shelves and narrow passages—the yellow and green parrotfish hanging upside down，gathering tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird­like mouth；a yellow­spotted red sea­slug sliding by a blue sea­star；...

　　当我在小石洞、岩石和窄通道之间探索时，似乎每个角落都有令我惊奇的东西等待着我——黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用鸟儿一样的硬嘴去收集珊瑚上的植物；一条带着黄斑点的红色海蛞蝓从一个蓝色的海星旁边滑落下去；……

　　(1)the yellow and green parrotfish hanging upside down，gathering tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird­like mouth；a yellow­spotted red sea­slug sliding by a blue sea­star；...这几个句子中都用了独立主格结构，充当伴随状语。

　　独立主格结构的形式有：

　　名词/代词＋

　　如：The game over，let's go home.

　　比赛完了，我们回家吧。

　　(2)upside down表示“倒悬”的意思。如：

　　You'd better turn the bottle upside down to empty out the oil.

　　你最好把瓶子倒过来，把瓶里的油倒干净。即境活用单项填空

　　①________，the concert began.

　　A．The listeners having taken their seats

　　B．Having taken their seats

　　C．Have taken their places

　　D．The listeners to have taken their places

　　②________，I went out for a walk.

　　A．There was nothing to do

　　B．There being nothing to do

　　C．There had nothing to do

　　D．There were nothing to do

　　③The thief fell to the ground，his left foot________and blood________down from his mouth.

　　A．breaking；running

　　B．broken；running

　　C．breaking；run

　　D．broken；run

　　④________five minutes________before the last train left，we arrived at the station.

　　A．There were；to go

　　B．It was；left

　　C．It had；left

　　D．With；to go

　　⑤Signal________，the game started.

　　A．give

　　B．is given

　　C．having given

　　D．given

　　⑥Time________，we will visit the Summer Palace.

　　A．permits

　　B．permitted

　　C．permitting

　　D．to permit

　　⑦Class________over，all the students rushed out of the classroom.

　　A．/

　　B．is

　　C．was

　　D．having been

　　答案：①A　②B　③B　④D　⑤D　⑥C　⑦A

　　5．On the afternoon I arrived at the station，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a huge noise coming from the bay.

　　在我到达捕鲸场的那个下午，正当我准备膳宿时，我听到一声巨响从海湾传来。

　　as引导时间状语从句。as强调主从句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时或相伴发生。如：

　　As the day went on，the weather got worse.

　　日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

　　●易混辨析

　　as，when和while

　　①从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when或while。

　　②when可表示瞬间、时间段，主从句动作同时发生，也可以先后发生。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。

　　③as，when引导短暂性动作的动词。

　　④while用于同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴发生，多和延续性动词或进行时态连用，常对同类动作进行对比。

　　When you have finished your work，you may have a rest.

　　当你完成你的工作后，你可以休息一会儿。

　　Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car，a man came up to me.

　　我正要停车，一个男人朝我走来。即境活用单项填空

　　I was just about________road________a ship came to us.

　　A．travelling on；while

　　B．to travel on；while

　　C．traveling by；when

　　D．to travel by；when

　　答案：D

　　6．A few minutes later，there was no Tom，so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom，circling back to the boat，leading us to the hunt again.

　　几分钟以后，汤姆不见了，乔治开始用浆击打水面，汤姆又出现了，围着小船转圈，又带着我们捕猎了。

　　circling back to the boat；leading us to the hunt again是现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词和逻辑主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

　　●易混辨析

　　现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

　　现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者在与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

　　①现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子的主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

　　②过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

　　He went out shutting the door behind him.

　　他出去后将门随手关上。

　　Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.

　　由于不知如何办才好，他去找父母帮忙。

　　Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.

　　如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

　　Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.

　　在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。即境活用单项填空

　　________in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.

　　A．Waiting

　　B．To wait

　　C．Having waited

　　D．To have waited

　　答案：C　根据the old man与wait之间的关系，应该选择­ing形式，再根据句意得知他是先“wait”后才“realize”。所以先发生的动作应该用完成式。

　　7．As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.

　　走近一看，原来是一头大鲸受到大约六、七条虎鲸的攻击。

　　being attacked by a pack of about six other killers在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语a whale存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用现在分词的被动结构。

　　①I saw Jack being taken away by the police.

　　我看见杰克正在被警察带走。

　　②I had already heard that George didn't like being kept waiting.

　　我早已听说乔治不喜欢等待。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)在keep, find, notice, have, feel, hear, see, leave...等动词后常用v­ing形式作宾语补足语。

　　(2)在感官动词：see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find...等及使役动词：have, make, leave, keep, get...等后既可以用不定式也可以用v­ing形式作宾语补足语。不定式(不带to)表示过程或动作完成，v­ing形式强调进行或当时情景。

　　①The boss kept the workers working the whole night.

　　那个老板让工人整夜地工作。

　　②We found the old lady lying in bed.

　　我们发现那老太太躺在床上。

　　③I saw the lady crossing the street.

　　我看见那位妇人在过马路。

　　④We heard her sing two songs.

　　我们听她唱了两首歌。

　　8．It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James.

　　用了半个多小时的时间才把船划回詹姆斯身边。

　　这是一个It takes (sb.)some time/sth. to do sth.的固定句式，take意为“花费、需要”，take前也可用具体名词作主语。

　　①It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.

　　他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。

　　②It took her all afternoon to finish it.

　　她用了整个下午才完成这项工作。

　　③It will take the students two hours to finish their homework.

　　学生做完作业要用2个小时。

　　●用法拓展

　　常用句型：

　　(1)It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.做某事花去某人多少时间。

　　(2)It takes/took/will take sb. some money to do sth.什么事情花去某人多少钱。

　　(3)It takes/took/will take...to do sth.做什么事情需要……(品质，毅力，决心等)。即境活用单项填空

　　Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that's ________ it takes to do anything well.

　　A．what　 B．that

　　C．which

　　D．why

　　答案：A　

　　9．What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping out the whalers?

　　有什么证据能证明老汤姆在帮助捕鲸者？

　　句中that引导的是同位语从句，作evidence的同位语。一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他东西)，对前者作进一步解释，说明它指的是谁，是什么等，叫做同位语。名词作同位语的情况最多。如果作同位语的是一个句子，我们称之为同位语从句。

　　①The fact that he won first prize can't be denied.

　　他取得第一名的事实不容否认。

　　②In spite of the fact that he is over sixty, he is still full of spirit.

　　尽管他已经60多岁了，但仍精力充沛。

　　③Have you heard the news that the new school will be built in the countryside?

　　你听说过这所学校将建在农村的消息吗？

　　●特别提醒

　　(1)同位语从句常用that引导，与news, fact, hope, idea, suggestion, promise, thought, doubt, belief, truth, request, proposal, demand等名词连用，构成“the news(fact...)that＋句式”结构。

　　(2)名词demand, proposal, suggestion等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”或只用动词原形。

　　①The suggestion that another bridge (should) be built over Songhua River will be discussed tomorrow.

　　在松花江上再建一座桥的建议将在明天的会议上被讨论。

　　②The manager refused the demand that the workers (should) be paid more.

　　工人要求加薪的请求被经理拒绝了。即境活用单项填空

　　There is a common belief among them ________ rubbish can and should be put to good use.

　　A．whichB．if

　　C．whether

　　D．that

　　答案：D　

　　知 能 层 层 练

　　一、单项填空

　　1．“One World One Dream”fully________the universal values of the Olympic spirit—Unity，Friendship，Progress，Harmony，Participation and Dream.

　　A．raisesB．reflects

　　C．understands

　　D．announces

　　答案：B

　　解析：此题考查“同一个世界，同一个梦想”所展示的奥运精神，reflect“映射；反映”，符合题意。raise“举起”；understand“理解”；announce“公布”。

　　2．Many students urged that the school reading­room________open during the vacation.

　　A．kept

　　B．be kept

　　C．should keep

　　D．was keep

　　答案：B

　　解析：urge后接that从句时，从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”结构，should可省略；从句主语the school reading­room与动词keep构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故B项正确。

　　3．When the war broke out，people had to________their unnecessities and put away the valuable to flee away with the necessities.

　　A．abandon

　　B．release

　　C．discourage

　　D．resign

　　答案：A

　　解析：abandon“丢弃；放弃”符合题意。

　　4．Most young girls were scared________stay outside after 1000 p．m.because they were scared________being robbed in the city.

　　A．to；to

　　B．to；of

　　C．of；to

　　D．of；of

　　答案：B

　　解析：be scared to do sth.“害怕去做某事”；be scared of doing sth.“害怕做某事”，两者均为固定搭配。

　　5．The police turned the whole house________looking for clues.

　　A．upside down

　　B．out front

　　C．side by side

　　D．down to earth

　　答案：A

　　解析：题意：为了寻找线索，警察把整个房间弄得乱七八糟。upside down“乱七八糟地”。out front“在门外”；side by side“肩并肩”；down to earth“实际的；不加渲染的”。

　　6．Set yourself________that you can reasonably hope to achieve which should be not too high nor too low.

　　A．purpose

　　B．cause

　　C．reason

　　D．target

　　答案：D

　　解析：题意：给自己制定一个合理的有望实现的目标，既不能过高，又不能过低。target“目标”。

　　7．The sports meeting________because of the weather，they had to go back to the hotel and wait.

　　A．had been cancelled

　　B．have been cancelled

　　C．having been cancelled

　　D．being cancelled

　　答案：C

　　解析：逗号后面为完整的一句话且没有连词连接，故前面不可能是完整的句子，排除A、B两项；cancel所表示的动作发生在go back之前，故选C项。The sports meeting...是独立主格结构作状语。

　　8．As the sky grew darker，the stars________one by one，shining in the distance.

　　A．came out

　　B．came about

　　C．came on

　　D．came in

　　答案：A

　　解析：句意为：随着夜色渐深，星星一个接一个地出来了，在远处闪烁。come out(指太阳、月亮或星星)露出，出现，符合句意。come about发生，造成；come on快点，赶快；come in进来。

　　9．After the explosion，the policeman did a lot of work to find out some clues from________.

　　A．directors

　　B．views

　　C．applicants

　　D．witnesses

　　答案：D

　　解析：根据题意知警察应该是从目击者那里得到线索，witness“目击者；见证人”。

　　10．—What made little Tony so unhappy and cry in his room?

　　—________to go hiking with his brother.

　　A．Having not been allowed

　　B．Not having allowed

　　C．Having not allowed

　　D．Not having been allowed

　　答案：D

　　解析：非谓语动词的否定式not应该放在其前，而且句中指小汤姆不被准许和他的哥哥一起去远足，故应该使用被动结构，所以D项正确。

　　二、用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

　　1．So from then on I never asked her to ________ in the kitchen again.

　　2．She turned the discussion ________ by asking a foolish question.

　　3．Climbing that mountain will certainly ________ the men from the boys.

　　4．In flat open country there is plenty of grass for the cattle to ___