2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修一Module 3
知识详解
① distance n. 距离;远处;远方
(回归课本P23)Recently I had my first ride on a longdistance train.最近我第一次搭乘长途火车。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①From a distance
we could see her smiling and waving her hand.
从远处我们可以看到她微笑着挥手。
②Mount Everest could be seen in the distance.
远远地可以看到珠穆朗玛峰。
③Her father advised her to keep her distance from that fellow.
她父亲劝她疏远那家伙。
④Place the rod at a distance of 40mm from the light source.
把棒放在离光源40毫米的地方。
⑤Ann likes to keep people at a distance.
安喜欢与人保持一段距离。
1.—What is the________from the station to your house?
—The station is 3 miles________my house.
A.distance;distance
B.distance;distant
C.distant;distance
D.distance;distant from
解析:选D。表示“多远的距离”放在数词之后时,常用 distant from...;第一个空放在冠词之后,故用名词。
【即境活用】
2.完成句子
The girl stood there,watching until the train disappeared __________________.
那姑娘站在那儿看着,直到火车在远处消失。
答案:in the distance
② scenery n. 风景;景色
(回归课本P23)For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey, the scenery was very colourful.
前几百公里旅程,景色美不胜收。
【例句探源】
①Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery
.
桂林以风景优美而闻名。
②The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.
山里的景色非常优美。
scenery, scene, view, sight
(1)scenery 是不可数名词,是自然景色的总称,常用来描述静态的美丽的乡村景色。
(2)scene 指展现在眼前的情景,大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。
(3)view 是可数名词,意为“风景,景色”,表示从某处可看到的scenery的一部分,侧重指能够看到的部分,即所见之景。常构成get/have/offer a view of...或there is a view of...搭配。此外,view 还可表示“观点,看法;视野”等。
(4)sight 表示某一地区值得观看的建筑物、胜地,特色等,常用作复数。
【易混辨析】
①The music reminded me of the happy scene in my childhood.
②At the top of the mountain,I stopped to take in the beautiful view.
③Let’s take this way back home. We can enjoy the beautiful scenery.
④I was so busy that I had no time to see the sights of London.
【即境活用】
3.One of the advantages of living on the top floor is that you can have a good ____________ of the city.
A.sight B.scenery
C.view
D.look
解析:选C。sight 指眼前的景观;scenery 着重指一个国家或地区所有的自然或天然景色;view“风景,景色”,通常指从某个特定的位置所看到的景物,have a good view of...“看清……”。
③ abandoned adj. 被遗弃的;放纵的
(回归课本P23)We saw abandoned
farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
我们看到一些一百多年前建造的现已废弃的农场。
【归纳总结】
abandon v.离弃,放弃,抛弃,中止
abandon oneself to 沉溺于,陷入
with abandon 放任;纵情
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
①They’re going to dive into the sea to see the
abandoned sunken ship.
他们打算潜入海洋去看那只被遗弃的沉船。
②He
abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.
他抛弃了妻子,带走了家中所有的钱。
③We had to
abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.
我们只好弃车,步行赶剩下的路。
④She abandoned herself to despair.
她陷入绝望之中。
【例句探源】
4.The broken bike was found________by the riverside.
A.abandoningB.abandoned
C.to be abandoned
D.being abandoned
解析:选B。此处用形容词abandoned作宾语补足语。
5.完成句子
You should not__________________________.
你不应该过于贪图吃喝。
答案: abandon yourself to eating and drinking
【即境活用】
④ supply vt. 供应;提供;补充;满足
n. [U]供给,供应量;(复)供应品;生活用品
(回归课本P23)For many years,trained camels carried food and other supplies,and returned with wool and other products.
许多年以来,经过训练的骆驼运走食品和其他供给物,带回羊毛和其他产品。
(1)supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.to sb.给某人提供某物supply a need/demand满足需要supply a loss弥补损失
(2)a supply of ...……的供应量(be)in short supply短缺
【归纳总结】
①The gas supply to the building failed.
这栋楼的煤气供应中断了。
②Do you get an adequate supply of food?
你们得到足够的食物供给了吗?
【例句探源】
supply,offer,provide
三者都表示“提供”的意思,其用法如下:
supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.to/for sb.
provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.
offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.
另外,offer还可用于句式:offer sth./to do sth.
①The government supplies/provides them with food and water.
②The government provides food and water for them.
③The government offers them food and water.
【易混辨析】
6.All the rooms are________with electric lights.
A.supplied
B.given
C.offered
D.burnt
解析:选A。此处是supply sb.with sth.的被动形式。
7.完成句子
The water plant ______________________.
水厂为城市提供优质水。
答案:supplies/provides the city with fine water
【即境活用】
⑤ allow vt. 允许,许可;留出;容许
(回归课本P23)In 1925,they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.
1925年,他们通过了一条法令,规定如果这些动物成为问题,就允许人们杀死它们。
【归纳总结】
①Smoking is not allowed here.
此处禁止吸烟。
②Are we allowed to play catch here?
我们可以在这里练习投接球吗?
③Your plan allows only five minutes for transferring.Can we manage?
你的计划允许我们只有5分钟时间换车。我们来得及吗?
④We should allow for every possible delay.
我们必须考虑到任何可能的延误。
【例句探源】
8.Energy drinks are not allowed________in Australia but brought in from New Zealand.
A.to make
B.to be made
C.to have been made
D.to be making
解析:选B。句意:能量饮料在澳大利亚不允许生产但可以从新西兰引进。第一考查be allowed to do 结构;第二考查drinks与make 之间是被动关系。 be allowed to be made 允许被制作。
【即境活用】
9.The children are not________until the bell rings,whatever the weather.
A.allowed for
B.allowed of
C.allowed to
D.allowed in
解析:选D。句意:不论天气如何,铃响后孩子们才被允许进入。be allowed in 被允许进入。
⑥ get on 上(车、船等);进展,进行,相处;继续进行下去
(回归课本P23)We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs...
我们在悉尼上的车,在艾丽斯斯普林斯下的车……
get on/along with进展;与……相处
get across使(想法、信息等)被理解
get around(消息等)传播;四处走动(旅行)
get down to开始认真(做某事)(to为介词)
get into穿上;陷入;学会
get off下(车、船等);动身,出发
get through通过;完成;接通(电话)
get away走开,脱身;逃离
get out of逃避;摆脱;使说出
【归纳总结】
①He was about to
get on the bus when someone called him.
他正要上车,这时有人喊住了他。
②The workers couldn’t get on for lack of materials.
由于缺乏材料,工人们无法进行下去。
③How are you getting on with your study/classmates?
你学习怎么样?/你与你的同学相处得怎么样?
④You mustn’t get off until the bus has stopped.
直到车停稳你才能下车。
【例句探源】
10.My parents often call my head teacher,asking how I________ at school.
A.get over B.get through
C.get around
D.get on
解析:选D。句意:父母经常给我班主任打电话,问我在学校怎么样。
11.用get构成的短语的适当形式填空
(1)“Don’t ________ the bus before it has stopped.”the driver told the passengers.
答案:get off
(2)Don’t ________ this matter again, please.
答案:get into
【即境活用】
(3)I’m afraid I can’t ________ the meeting.
答案:get away from
(4)How long does it take you to ________ a letter?
答案:get through
(5)________ the car,the driver checked to see whether there was something wrong with the tyres.
答案:Getting out of
⑦ refer to 提到,涉及;说起;参考,查阅;指的是
(回归课本P26)Which of them can refer to past or present actions?
它们中哪些可以指过去的动作或现在的动作?
【归纳总结】
(1)refer to...as...称……为……refer...to...把……委托/交付给……
(2)reference n.参考,查阅;谈到,提及reference book参考书in/with reference to...关于……
①I said I wouldn’t do it ,but I wasn’t referring to giving it up.
我说我不愿意做,但我并不指我放弃了。
②(朗文P1712)If you don’t know what book to get,refer to the list on page 3.
如果你不知道要什么书,请查看第3页上的书单。
③(朗文P1650)Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.
请在不查阅词典的情况下完成练习。
【例句探源】
refer to,look up
两个词在汉语中都可译为“查阅词典”,但refer to 跟工具书作宾语,look up 跟要查的内容作宾语。
He referred_to the dictionary in order to look_up the new word.
【易混辨析】
12.The boy________ forward to__________a new bike.
A.referred to look ;buying
B.referred to looking;buy
C.referred to is looking;buying
D.referring to looks;buy
解析:选C。referred to 是过去分词短语作后置定语。look forward to doing 为固定短语“盼望着做某事”,故选C。
【即境活用】
13.完成句子
The rule about not walking on the grass also ________________________.
不要踩踏草坪的规定也适用于老师。
答案:refers to teachers
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】
Would you mind
请出示你的票好吗?
【句法分析】
Would you mind if sb. did sth.?
如果某人做了某事你是否介意?
Do you mind doing sth.?
你介意做某事吗?
Do you mind if sb.do sth.?
你介意某人做某事吗?
mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事
①Would you mind opening the window?
你介意打开窗子吗?
②Would you mind if I smoked in the room?
我在房间吸烟你是否介意?
③Do you mind my/me sitting here?我坐在这儿你介意吗?
【注意】 回答“Do/Would you mind...?”问句时,一定要注意前后的一致性,常见的表示“不介意”的答语有:Certainly not;Not at all;Not a bit ;No,go ahead;表示介意的答语有:I’m sorry,but I ...;Yes, I do mind;I’m sorry,but you’d better not...
14.(高考辽宁卷)—Sorry,do you mind if I smoke here?
—Yes,________.
A.you could B.go ahead
C.I do
D.my pleasure
解析:选C。根据Yes 可知,说话人反对对方吸烟,所以应选C项。
【即境活用】
15.—Do you mind if I record your lecture?
—________.Go ahead.
A.Never mind
B.No way
C.Not at all
D.No.You’d better not
解析:选C。句意:——你介意我把你讲的东西录下来吗?——一点都不介意,录吧!C项意为I don’t mind at all一点都不介意;B项意为没门,决不;D项与go ahead矛盾,故排除;A项“别担心,没关系”,多用于安慰对方,用英文可解释为 tell sb.not to worry or be upset,不符合题意。
② 【教材原句】
The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.(P23)
直到20世纪20年代,阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。
【句法分析】 本句中的until the 1920s意为“直到20世纪20年代”。until作介词用时后接时间名词作宾语;作连词用时后接时间状语从句。都表示“直到……为止”。使用这个词汇要注意以下两个方面:
(1)until 引导的时间状语表示一个时间段,所以与之连用的主句谓语一定是延续性。
①He worked until deep into the night.
他一直工作到深夜。
(2)not...until...直到……才……
②He didn’t come back until 12 o’clock.
他直到12点才回来。
(3)not...until用在强调句与倒装句中。
It was not until 12 o’clock that he came back.
(not须与until短语一起被强调)
③Not until 12 o’clock did he come back.
(not 须与until短语一起置于句首,且主句倒装)
16.(高考江西卷)Not until he left his home________ to know how important the family was for him.
?A.did he beginB.had he begun
C.he began
D.he had begun
解析:选A。考查倒装句。句意:只有当他离开家的时候,他才开始意识到这个家对于他来说是何等得重要。not until引导的句式放于句首,主句需用部分倒装。主从句动词基本同时发生,故用一般过去时。
【即境活用】
17.(高考江西卷)It was________he came back from Africa that year __________he met the girl he would like to marry.
A.when;thenB.not;until
C.not until;that
D.only;when
解析:选C。句意:直到那年从非洲回来他才遇到那个他想娶的女孩。本题考查“not...until...”的强调句式,即:It is/was+not until...(时间状语)+that+其他成分。本句还可说成:①He didn’t meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.②Not until he came back from Africa that year did he meet the girl he would like to marry.。
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In which, with which, of which, by which 几个以 which 做为关系代词的用法
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