高考英语复习完形填空：考点解析11逻辑推理

　　完形填空题型一突破(六)—行文逻辑推理题

　　完形填空中有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通,但由于文章是一个完整的统一体,词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系,因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示,对文章的情节进行逻辑推理,抓住含有关键信息的词语,理顺句子之间的关系,确定正确的答案。

　　1．运用词汇复现,轻松选择判断

　　复现有原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现等。完形填空题中,考生可以利用上下文的复现信息,确定正确的表达方式。

　　(1)原词复现

　　为了表达的需求,有时在上下文中同一概念会重复出现。考生可以借助于上下文中的这一信息选择答案。

　　(2)同义词、近义词、反义词复现

　　同义词、近义词和反义词复现是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式,或解释性的语言使上下文语意得以连贯起来。做完形填空时,考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。

　　(3)同源词复现

　　另外,考生还可借助复现的同源词来确定答案。

　　典例

　　The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer(巫师),thanked her by granting(允准) her26

　　that anyone who climbed up her tree

　　27

　　not be able to come back down until she

　　28

　　it.

　　When the children came back to steal her

　　29

　　,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long

　　30

　　she gave the tree permission to let

　　31

　　go.Aunty Misery was free from the

　　32

　　at last.

　　(2008·陕西)

　　28．A.permitted　B．promised

　　C．answered

　　D．declared

　　答案　A

　　解析　本题属于同源词复现类试题,根据上下文,下一段中出现了permission,即permit的名词形式,结合语境,应选A项。此处意为“没有她的允许不能下来”。

　　2．高屋建瓴,把握主旨

　　完形填空是考查综合运用英语知识能力的试题。它主要考查考生对上下文的理解和逻辑判断能力,而通常利用文章的首句,就能抓住文章的主旨文意并在主旨文意的引导下进行合乎逻辑的判断推理,从而正确推断出文章的隐匿信息。

　　典例

　　On the road of life,the help of strangers can

　　54

　　our loads and lift our spirits.How much sweeter the

　　55

　　will be when we make it a little smoother for others！(2008·重庆)

　　54．A．move

　　B．increase

　　C．lighten

　　D．carry

　　55．A．world B．journey

　　C．smile

　　D．friendship

　　答案　54.C　55.B

　　解析　54.本句是对全文的概括。句意为：在人生的道路上,来自陌生人的帮助可以减轻我们的负担,振奋我们的精神。move移动；increase增加；lighten减轻；carry携带。

　　55．选文原文通过作者在公共汽车上亲眼目睹的一件事说明在人生旅程中给别人一点帮助能使世界更加美好。这一段点明了文章主题：假如我们都能为别人做一点善事,那么人生的旅程(journey)就会美好得多。

　　1

　　We recently treated our now-adult son and his girlfriend to a seafood feast,near Cocoa Beach,Florida.Our server,a grandmotherly woman skilled in the art of　1　,flew around the restaurant juggling dishes and drinks while treating customers as individuals.She remembered their　2　tastes,likes and dislikes—all of which she’d learned after only the briefest　3　.

　　At the end of the meal,she presented the bill,and then went to　4　the growing crowd of other dinners.My husband paid with a credit card,added her[

　　　5　,and we were off.

　　“Mr.Goldsmith！” our waitress ran out of the dinning room waving a receipt at him,“Thank you.”

　　He looked at her as though he didn’t　6　.We’ve all seen that universal look of confusion—eyebrows drawn together and head cocked to one side.

　　“What did you give her？” I asked in a stage whisper, if he had done something unreasonable or made a calculation error.

　　“Wow,Dad,” our son said,　8　like an awestruck 10-year-old.“I’ve never seen a waitress follow anyone out of the restaurant to say ‘thank you’ for the tip.”

　　“She gave us great service.I just thought she deserved a little more　9　what I usually give.”

　　It wasn’t until later,when I accidentally heard our son retelling the story of the　10　

　　waitress,that I realized she had given my family something more than a “thank you”．She showed our son the importance ofhard work and the rewarding sound of “thank you”．Her show of thanks helped a dad earn a bit more respect from a loving son.And it reminded me just why Ithis thoughtful,caring man.

　　1．A.painting

　　B．smiling

　　C．cooking

　　D．serving

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据前面的server一词可知,这里指这个人有很好的服务艺术。

　　2．A.common

　　B．specialC．considerable

　　D．delicious

　　答案　B

　　解析　special特别的,此处表达的意思为她记得客人们的特殊口味等。其他选项不合题意。

　　3．A.arguments

　　B．discussionsC．conversations

　　D．debates

　　答案　C

　　解析　briefest conversations意思是“最简短的对话”,即她通过与客人之间最简短的对话,便知道了他们的特殊口味,他们喜欢什么,不喜欢什么。

　　4．A.attend to B．look forC．care for D．find out

　　答案　A

　　解析　attend to照顾；接待,符合题意。

　　5．A.advice

　　B．suggestionsC．tip D．prize

　　答案　C

　　解析　tip指“小费”。即用信用卡付账后,又付她小费。

　　6．A.doubt

　　B．enjoy

　　C．happen D．understand

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据下文内容可知,当作者的丈夫给了小费之后,服务员追出来说感谢的话,这是很不常见的事情,所以他们感到很奇怪,不了解为什么会这样。

　　7．A.thinking

　　B．hopingC．wondering D．expecting

　　答案　C

　　解析　作者感到疑惑,丈夫到底给了那个服务员什么东西,使得她跑出来向他表示感谢,是他做了什么不合常理的事情还是算错了账呢？所以C项符合题意。

　　8．A.looking

　　B．soundingC．doing

　　D．imagining

　　答案　B

　　解析　这里是在说作者儿子的声音,因此用sounding like,即“听起来像……”。

　　9．A.except

　　B．below

　　C．above

　　D．within

　　答案　C

　　解析　above表示“超过”。句意为：她给了我们非常好的服务,所以我认为她应该得到比正常要多一点的报酬。

　　10．A.excellent

　　B．skilledC．generous D．grateful

　　答案　D

　　解析　grateful感激的,符合原文内容,即上文提到的那位对作者的丈夫表示感谢的女服务员。

　　11．A.devoting

　　B．rememberingC．acknowledgingD．ignoring

　　答案　C

　　解析　根据上下文内容可知,显然只有C项符合语境,即他们的儿子知道了承认辛勤劳动的重要性。

　　12．A.trained

　　B．refusedC．left D．married

　　答案　D

　　解析　结合文章内容及所提供的选项,可知选D项。2

　　The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school.He 　1　 me with a puzzle—all because he waved to me like someone does on seeing a close friend.A big,　2　 smile accompanied his wave.For the next few days I tried to study his face to see if I knew him.I didn’t.Perhaps he had mistaken me for someone else.By the time I contented myself with the

　　　3　 that he and I were strangers,we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.

　　Then one day the mystery was solved.As I approached the school he was standing in the middle of the road 　4　 his stop sign.I was in line behind four cars.Once the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk,he lowered his sign and let the cars 　5　.To the first he waved and

　　　6　 in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days.The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply.The second car got the same 　7　 from the crossing guard,and the driver,a stiff-looking(表情刻板的) businessman,gave a brief,almost

　　　8　 wave back.Each following car of kids on their way to school responded more heartily.

　　Every morning I continued to watch the man with interest.So far I haven’t seen anyone

　　　9　 to wave back.I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n) 　10　 to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.His 　11　 warmed the start of my day.With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the 　12　 of the whole neighborhood.

　　1．A.hit

　　B．disappointedC．presented

　　D．bored

　　答案　C

　　解析　present sb.with sth.使某人经历某事；把……交给某人。此处指作者第一次遇见那位交警时他就像老朋友那样向“我”挥手,这使得作者感到迷惑不解。

　　2．A.false

　　B．shy

　　C．apologetic D．bright

　　答案　D

　　解析　空格处的形容词应与big一致,bright灿烂的。句意为：他向我挥手,带着满脸灿烂的笑容。

　　3．A.conclusion

　　B．descriptionC．evaluation

　　D．introduction

　　答案　A

　　解析　由上文内容可知,作者不认识他,因此,得出这一“结论”：他们仅是陌生人。that引导同位语从句,补充说明conclusion的内容。

　　4．A.drawing back

　　B．putting onC．handing in

　　D．holding out

　　答案　D

　　解析　draw back退后；put on张贴；hand in上交；hold out伸出；举起。由下句中的lowered his sign可知应选held out。

　　5．A.in

　　B．through C．out

　　D．down

　　答案　B

　　解析　through此处为副词,意为“通过”。

　　6．A.criedB．cheered C．smiled D．gestured

　　答案　C

　　解析　in just the same way he had done to me用他和我打招呼时完全相同的方法,由此可知,交警应该边挥手边微笑着向司机打招呼。

　　7．A.idea B．reply C．notice D．greeting

　　答案　D

　　解析　交警的这一做法是向司机打“招呼”。

　　8．A.awkward B．angryC．elegant

　　D．patient

　　答案　A

　　解析　与孩子们的happily与heartily相比,那位表情刻板的司机只是简单地,甚至是很别扭地打了个招呼。awkward难看的；别扭的。

　　9．A.fail B．try

　　C．wish

　　D．bother

　　答案　A

　　解析　由上文内容可知,作者本人、孩子们甚至表情刻板的司机都和热情的交警打招呼,因此,应选fail。双重否定表示肯定意义。fail to do sth.没能做某事。

　　10．A.offer B．sacrifice

　　C．promise

　　D．difference

　　答案　D

　　解析　make a difference有影响,有意义。其余选项与make搭配不符合文意。

　　11．A.effectivenessB．cheerfulnessC．carefulness

　　D．seriousness

　　答案　B

　　解析　cheerfulness快乐；高兴,此处指交警对待工作的乐观态度。

　　12．A.trends B．observationsC．regulations

　　D．feelings

　　答案　D

　　解析　feeling此处意为“看法,态度”。句意为：他用友好的行为和微笑改变了整条街上人们的态度。3

　　My mother used to ask me what is the most important part of the body.Through the years I would guess at the correct answer.When I was young,I thought 　1　 was very important to us as humans,so I said,“My ears,Mummy.”She said,“No.Many people are 　2　.But you can keep thinking about it and I will ask you again soon.”

　　Several years passed before she asked me again.Since making my first 　3　,I had often thought over the question.So this time I told her,“Mummy,it must be our eyes.”She looked at me and said,“You are learning fast,but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”

　　　4　 the years,my mother asked me a couple more times and always her response to my answer was,“No,but you are getting 　5　 every year,my child.”Then last year,my grandpa

　　　6　.Everyone was heartbroken.Everybody was crying.My mum looked at me when it was our turn to say our final goodbye to my grandpa.She asked me,“Do you know the most important body part yet,my dear？”

　　I was

　　when she was asking me this now.I always thought this was a game between her and me.She saw the 　8　 on my face and told me,“This question is very important.It shows that you have really lived your life.”I saw her eyes well up with tears.She said,“My dear,the most important body part is your 　9　.” I asked,“Is it because they hold up your head？”She replied,“No,it is

　　on them a crying friend or a loved one can rest his or her head.I only hope that you have enough love and friends and that you will have a shoulder to cry 　11　 when you need it.”Then and there I understood the most important body part is not a selfish one.It is sympathetic to the pain of

　　12

　　.

　　1．A.love

　　B．health C．sound D．sight

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查语境理解。由下文“My ears”可知答案。

　　2．A.blind B．deafC．invisible D．thoughtful

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查句意理解。由句意可知,当“我”回答耳朵最重要时,母亲说很多人是聋子。

　　3．A.discoveryB．decisionC．attempt

　　D．suggestion

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查行文逻辑。由信息词“my first”以及上文内容可推知,这里表示自从“我”第一次尝试回答这个问题以来,“我”一直在思考这个问题。make a discovery发现；make a decision决定；make an attempt尝试；make a suggestion提议。依据句意可知,答案选C。

　　4．A.Before B．Till C．Beyond D．Over

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查介词辨析。介词over表示在一段时间内。其他选项均无此意。

　　5．A.stronger B．taller C．smarter D．nicer

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查行文逻辑。因为“我”每次回答都与以前不同,所以母亲说“我”一年比一年聪明了。句中的“but”是重要信息词。

　　6．A.left B．got illC．died D．got wounded

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查语境理解。由下文“...to say our final goodbye to my grandpa.”可知“爷爷去世了”。

　　7．A.shockedB．satisfied C．interested

　　D．excited

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查语境理解。上文提到爷爷去世,母亲在这时还问“我”这个问题,所以“我”感到很吃惊。其他三个选项均不符合语境。

　　8．A.worry B．puzzlementC．regret D．pain

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查语境理解。联系上下文语境可知,“我”的表情一定是很困惑(puzzlement)的。worry担心；regret遗憾；pain疼痛,均不符合句意。

　　9．A.shouldersB．feet C．hands

　　D．hair

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查语境理解。由下文“hold up your head”可知,母亲认为人体最重要的部位是肩膀。

　　10．A.how B．because C．why D．whether

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查上下文联系。依据上文“Is it because they hold up your head？”可确定答案。

　　11．A.by B．on C．above D．for

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查句子结构。由上文“...on them a crying friend or a loved one can rest his or her head.”可知,此处应选on。

　　12．A.othersB．the deafC．grandpa D．the blind

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查语境理解。此处表示它代表了对他人的痛苦的同情。这也是全文的主题。