2017届高三英语一轮复习课件（安徽用）M7_Unit 21　Human Biology（2）

　　模板4：论述利弊

　　Now many people prefer to ______ (现象). It seems impossible for people to ______ (反述). Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First of all, ______ (优点一). What's more, ______ (优点二)．

　　But every coin has two sides. It also brings harm to people if we ______ (现象). One of the important disadvantages is that ______ (缺点一). To make matters worse, ______ (缺点二)．

　　From my point of view, it is hard to imagine a world without ______ (现象). But it doesn't help in everyway. Perhaps we should ______ (观点一). At the same time we may ______ (观点二)． 三、典例分析 1．试题要求

　　以The Value of Time为题目，根据下面的提示写一篇不少于100词左右的短文。 提示： (1)时间比金钱更重要、宝贵，要珍惜时间； (2)时间对每个人来说是有限的，应充分利用大好时光为国家效力； (3)指出有些人没有认识时间的价值； (4)养成良好的珍惜时间的好习惯，今日事今日毕。 2．内容分析 本篇书面表达是一篇议论文，谈论对时间的看法。时间的讨论应属于各个时代的人都热衷的一个话题。考生对该话题十分熟悉，且写作提示中也详细给出了写作要点，故考生有话可说，写作难度不大。 注意事项： ①注意从正反两方面说明时间的重要性； ②关于珍惜时间的谚语不少，可考虑选择使用，以增加文章的亮点； ③注意条理分明，行文连贯。 3．佳作赏析

　　As the saying goes, time is gold. Money can't buy time. It means that time is really more important and precious than money. If gone, time will never come back again. So we must all value time.

　　Nobody can live forever. Therefore, we ought to make our limited time meaningful. As students, in order to contribute to serving our motherland and society in the future, we should all spare no efforts to study hard.

　　However, there're still some people unaware of the importance of time. They waste their precious time in meaningless things such as playing boring games, smoking and drinking.

　　To conclude, we should try to get into the habit of treasuring time. Don't postpone till tomorrow what should be done today. 4．满分揭秘：

　　作者以谚语开头，引出时间更胜于金钱这一主题，进而说明我们应该珍惜时间。再以however转折说明有些人不能认识到时间的重要性这一不良现象，最后总结说明我们应该养成珍惜时间的习惯，今日事今日毕。全文行文自然，过渡词therefore, however, to conclude等运用贴切，spare no efforts, postpone及复合宾语等高级词汇和结构的使用更是为文章增加了亮点。 四、小试牛刀

　　不同的学生对自己心目中好老师的标准有所不同，但也有共同之处。请你根据下列表格中的内容以Good Teachers in Our Heart为题，写一篇不少于100词的英语短文。 约40%的同学认为 约60%的同学认为 一致认为 对同学友好；上课认真 知识渊博；讲课清晰易懂 严格要求学生，又善于帮助学生解决问题；风趣幽默，上课生动有趣。 One possible version:

　　Good Teachers in Our Heart

　　Good teachers are those who are popular with students. But what kind of teachers are popular with students? Different students have different opinions about this question.

　　About 40% of the students believe that good teachers should be those who are kind to students and give lessons carefully. At the same time, about 60% of the students think that good teachers should

　　be knowledgeable and explain things clearly so that students can easily understand.

　　But all the students like teachers who are strict with students in their studies and can help students solve problems in their studies as well as in their life. What's more, they all believe that good teachers should be full of humor and energy and can make their lessons lively and interesting.

　　Part1 M7.Unit21 Unit21　Human Biology Module7 13、point out 指出 ① point out that…指出……， 使注意…… I beg to point out that your facts are incorrect.

　　恕我指出你所讲的情况不属实。 ② to the point 中肯， 恰当 ③ get/come to the point 说正事， 谈重点 ④ point of view 看法， 观点 ⑤ on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事时 ⑥ a turning point 转折点 用point有关短语的适当形式填空。 1. The guard pointed the gun at the prisoner.

　　2. I must point out to her the foolish things she has done.

　　3. The girl pointed at the lion and cried, “Danger！” 4. I was on the point of going out when you rang.

　　5. If I make any mistakes, please point them out.

　　14、in despair 绝望地 ① desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地；非常地 ② desperate adj. 不顾一切的；危急的 ③ be desperate for sth./to do sth. 极需要某物/做某事 He's desperate for a glass of water.

　　他极想喝一杯水。

　　完成句子。 1. 一个人在绝望时最失望。 A person is most disappointed when he is in despair.

　　2. 到那时候， 我已经特别渴望休假了。 By then, I was desperate for a holiday.

　　3. 我急切地想找到一份工作。 I'm desperate to get a job.

　　fairly, pretty, rather与quite

　　四个词均可表示“相当地， 适度地， 在某种程度上很”的意思， 用以修饰形容词或副词。 ① fairly词义最弱， 一般是与褒义词连用。 They were getting along fairly well.

　　他们相处得相当好。 15、 ②pretty的词义最强， 可与褒义词或贬义词连用。

　　What a pretty little garden!

　　多么漂亮的小花园！(与褒义词连用时表示心情愉快)

　　Life on the farm was pretty tough.

　　农场的生活相当艰苦。(与贬义词连用时表示不满意或不赞成) ③rather多与贬义词连用， 表示不满或不赞成， 但与pretty一样， 有时rather也与褒义词连用， 表示愉快的心情。 rather还可与too或比较级的词语连用。 I'd prefer a rather shorter hairstyle.

　　我想要理较短一些的发型。 These clothes are rather too big.

　　这些衣服未免太大了。 ④quite和rather除了像fairly, pretty一样放在不定冠词后面作定语修饰名词外，也可放在不定冠词之前。 He's quite a good soccer player really.

　　他确实是一个相当不错的足球队员。 用fairly, pretty, rather, quite填空。 1. This young man swims rather faster than most of us.

　　2. We have rather/quite a beautiful house in this part of the city.

　　3. The final­term exam was rather/quite/pretty difficult and many of us didn't pass it.

　　4. This kind of car is rather too expensive.

　　5. The boy is fairly kind to others.

　　16、awake ① v. 唤醒， (使)醒来(awoke, awoken)

　　Every morning the noise downstairs would awake me. 每天早上楼下的噪音都会把我吵醒。 ② adj. 只用作表语或后置定语， 不能用作前置定语。其反义词是asleep。 Is the baby awake or asleep? 宝宝醒着还是睡着了？ ① wide/fully awake 毫无睡意 ② 反义词组：sound/fast/deeply asleep 熟睡 ③ waking hours 清醒的时候 awake与wake ①wake用作及物或不及物动词， 过去式为woke/waked, 过去分词woken/waked, 意义与awake相同， 常与up连用，但awake不与up连用。

　　My mother awakes me at 7 every day.

　　＝My mother wakes me (up) at 7 every day.

　　②wake还可表示“激起(争论等), 唤起(回忆等)”的意思。 The incident woke memories of his past sufferings.

　　这件事唤起了他对过去苦难经历的回忆。

　　wake up的宾语是人称代词时必须置于两个词之间。

　　误：wake up him正：wake him up 汉译英。 1.他醒来时发现只有他一个人在家。

　　When he awoke/woke up, he found that he was home alone.

　　2.我思念家人， 彻夜未眠。

　　I have lain awake all night missing my family.

　　3.醒着的人都听到了那声音。

　　Anyone awake heard the sound.

　　17、Scientists now guess that up to 50% of the area's population died from this epidemic making_it_one_of_the_main_causes_of_the_fall_of_the_Roman_Empire._(P39)

　　现在科学家们猜测，当时那一地区有50%的人口死于那场瘟疫，使之成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。

　　making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire在句中作结果状语。

　　分词短语在句中还可作时间、原因、条件和伴随状语。

　　Hearing the news, Tom was much surprised. (时间状语)

　　听到这个消息， 汤姆非常吃惊。

　　Not knowing the address, they couldn't get in touch with him. (原因状语)

　　因为不知道地址， 所以他们联系不上他。

　　Having enough money, I will buy a big house with a garden. (条件状语)

　　如果有足够的钱， 我就要买一个带花园的大房子。

　　He stood there waiting for his parents. (伴随状语)

　　他站在那里等他的父母。 18、It struck near the end of the First World War and left_families_mourning_worldwide.(P39)

　　它开始于第一次世界大战末期，结果使世界各地的许多家庭承受丧亲之痛。

　　句中的left是leave的过去式， 在此意为“使……处于某种状态”， families; mourning worldwide是left的宾语和宾语补足语。

　　leave后面常常接过去分词的复合结构、现在分词的复合结构、形容词的复合结构和介词短语的复合结构等。 ① leave sb./sth. ＋ done

　　I am sorry I have left some of your questions unanswered.

　　对不起，你的一些问题我还没有回答。 ② leave sb./sth. ＋ doing Ann left Keith dozing in the chair.

　　安由着基思在椅子里打瞌睡。 ③ leave sb./sth. ＋ adj.

　　Who was it that left the door open? 是谁让门开着的？ ④ leave sb./sth. ＋ prep.

　　His illness left him with a weak heart.

　　他的病使得他的心脏衰弱。 ()1. (2010·湖南卷)Dina, ______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling

　　B. struggled

　　C. having struggled

　　D. to struggle　

　　C　分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。

　　Having_killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, …the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.(P38) ()2. (2010·山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid

　　B. laying C. to lay

　　D. being laid

　　A　介词with的复合结构作定语。table与“放置”这个动作之间主存在逻辑上的被动关系。桌子应该是被放置，选择laid。

　　With_all_the_international_effort_being_made,_we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.(P39)

　　()3. (2010·陕西卷)Studies show that people are more ______ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. A. likely

　　B. possible C. probable

　　D. sure

　　A　sb. / sth. is likely to do sth；It is possible for sb. to do sth.。

　　…it was very unlikely that Terri would ever recover.(P40) 怎样写好议论文 一、议论文概述

　　议论文是以议论为主，通过摆事实，讲道理的方法，对客观事物进行评述或议论，以阐明作者的观点和主张，说服别人，让人信服。 1．议论文的3要素

　　议论文必须含有论点、论据和论证3个要素。 ①论点是作者对所议论的问题所持的看法或主张； ②论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理，即证明论点的材料； ③论证是用论据来证明论点的推理过程和方法。 论证有立论和驳论两种。 2.议论文的一般结构 议论文一般有引子、正文和结束语3个部分。 ①引子，即开头——引论。用以引出令人关注的问题。 ②正文，即主体——本论。是全文的主要部分，是对提出的问题进行分析、推理，运用材料对论点进行论证，使论点得到足够的支持。 ③结束语，即结尾——结论。对正文部分的内容作出概括，明确论点所要解决的问题。 立论是作者证明自己的论点正确； 驳论是作者证明别人的论点错误。

　　议论文的主要表达方式是议论，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论文中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件，或者是议论的补充；议论文中的记叙和描写是为论点提供根据的。因此，叙述是概括的，描写是简要的。 二、写作模板 模板1：常用模式 第一段：引言，提出话题或综述现象。例如：As too much use of… caused…our government encourages us to… 第二段：议论主体，分析原因或评述现象。例如：These bags are…， Besides, they can… 第三段：得出结论，阐明观点或总结论证。例如：I believe that… This is one of the many steps we are to take… 模板2：论述原因

　　It is well­known that ______ (现状). What impressed us most is ______. It is true that______ (进一步说明某现状). Why does such circumstance occur? The main reason is ______ (原因一). Besides, ______ (原因二). Thirdly, since ______， it is natural that ______ (原因三)．

　　As a result, ______ (描述结果). Of course it is not easy to deal with the problem, but is worth trying. We should do something such as ______ (举例)to improve the present situation, and maybe everything will be better in the future. 模板3：论述措施

　　Recently, more and more people are paying attention to the problem ______ (某现状). First, ______ (产生的问题一). Second, ______ (产生的问题二). Clearly something must be done to smooth away the problem.

　　I believe that the following measures are effective. First, ______ (措施一). Second, ______ (措施二). Finally, ______ (措施三)．

　　Obviously it takes time to solve such problems. However, if everyone takes an active part in it, ______ (可能出现的效果)．