黑龙江省名校高三英语语法专题第11讲名词性从句

　　名词性从句根据其在句中不同的语法功能，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。近三年高考对名词性从句主要考查内容：语序问题、连接词的选用。 1．主语从句 (1)引导主语从句的连接词有：that(不充当句子成分，仅起引导作用，通常用it作形式主语，一般不可省略)，whether，who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，where，when，how，why。 Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 (2)主语从句中it作形式上的主语，且已形成固定的用法和译法。 ①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，natural，surprising，wonderful，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)＋that从句 ②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句 ③It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that从句 ④It＋seems，happens等不及物动词及短语＋that从句 ⑤It doesn't matter(makes no difference，etc.)＋连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 她在考试中会做得好，这是确定无疑的。 It's no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队会赢得比赛，没什么惊讶的。 It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday. 已决定将会议推迟到下周一。 (3)注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。 Whatever he likes will be given to him.(whatever＝anything that)他喜欢的所有东西都会给他。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded.(whoever＝any person who)无论谁做了这项工作一定要得到酬谢。 2．宾语从句 (1)引导宾语从句的连接词有：that(在宾语从句中常可省略)；从属连词if/whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词where，when，how，why。 (2)think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等动词构成否定句时，否定词要前移。 I don't suppose he cares，does he？我想他不在意，是吗？ (3)insist，suggest，demand，order，propose后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为：(should＋)动词原形。 He suggested the meeting (should) be put off. 他建议会议应延期。 (4)whether可构成whether...or not结构；介词后宾语从句需用whether而不可用if; if引导宾语从句不可与if(如果，假如)引导的条件状语从句相混淆。 I am not sure whether he will come here or not. 我不确定他是否会来这儿。 It depends on whether you can do the work well. 这取决于你能否把工作做好。 (5)宾语从句一律用陈述语序。 3．表语从句 (1)引导表语从句的连接词有：that，whether，as，as if，who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whichever，where，when，how，why。 The problem is where we should stay. 问题是我们应该呆在哪里。 (2)where, why, how等引导的从句作This is或That is的表语，不含疑问意义而表示具体地点、原因、方式等。 This is why we put off the sports meeting. 这就是我们推迟运动会的原因。 (3)连词because可引导表语从句。 I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多了。 (4)主语是reason时，表语从句常用that，不用because。 The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill. 他没来的原因是他病了。 (5)引导表语从句时可用whether而不用if。 The problem is whether the book will be published. 问题是这本书是否会出版。 (6)主语是advice，suggestion，order等表建议、要求、命令等的名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。 My advice is that we (should) start tomorrow. 我的建议是明天出发。 4．同位语从句 (1)一般由that，whether，what，how等连词引导，常位于fact, news, idea, problem, promise等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。 【注意】　同位语从句中连词一般不省略。 I have no idea whether the president will come tomorrow.我不知道总统明天是否会来。 My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 我怎样才能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。 (2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句) The news(that)you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句) 5．that引导名词性从句通常不可省略的三种情况 (1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.他考试不及格，让他父母很失望。 (2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。 I wished(that)we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。 (3)由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。 He has made it clear that he wouldn't agree to the plan. 他已清楚地表明不同意这项计划。 6．what与that的区别 what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人、地方、东西等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有实际含义。 What he said was true.他说的是真的。 That he came late made the teacher angry. 他的迟到使老师很生气。 【注意】　上面两句中what与that绝对不能换用。 7．whether与if的用法比较 二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换；用it作形式主语时，whether和if都可以引导主语从句。 I don't know whether/if he'll attend the meeting. 我不知道他是否会出席会议。 It is not decided whether/if I'll go abroad. 我是否将出国还没决定。 在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if。 (1)whether引导从句放于句首时。 Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 他来不来都一样。 (2)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。 The question whether he should join the team has not been decided.他是否入队的问题还没决定。 The question is whether it is worth trying. 问题是这是否值得一试。 (3)whether引导的从句可以作介词宾语，if则不可。 I haven't settled the question of whether I'll lend him the money.关于是否借给他钱的问题，我还没最后决定。 (4)whether后可以加不定式，if不可。 He didn't know whether to get married or to wait. 他不知道是该结婚还是该等待。 (5)可以用whether...or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。 Whether it rains or snows，I don't care. 无论下雨还是下雪，我都不在乎。