知识详解
1.raise v.筹措;提高,增加;抚养;饲养;提出
(回归课本P31)Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity.
上周我校举行一场大型的义卖会为慈善事业筹钱。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①We must do everything we can to raise the people’s living standards.
我们要想尽一切办法来提高人民的生活水平。
②He raised his hand to catch the chairman’s attention.
他举起手来想吸引主席的注意。
③I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but didn’t have the courage.我想向主席提一个问题,但又没有这个勇气。
④(高考大纲全国卷Ⅰ)A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits.
去年的一项研究报告表明,饲养宠物狗不仅能使你精神振奋,也对你的饮食习惯有影响。
【易混辨析】
raise,lift;rise,arise
(1)raise和lift都是及物动词,后面一定要有宾语。如果表示抽象意义(如提高意识、声音、生活水平、地位等)要用raise;如用机械力把重物从地面举到一定的高度要用lift。raise还可以表示饲养家禽、筹集资金、养育儿童等;而lift的名词用法可表示“免费搭车/电梯、飞机起飞等”。
(2)rise和arise都是不及物动词,在指人或动物“起身”时可互换。另arise还可以表示“出现;发生”之意;rise可以表示“升起,升高”,说明主语自身移向更高的位置。
①I am afraid a new problem will arise when we use a new type of fuel.
②Her temperature is still rising.She must be sent to hospital.
③We have no plans to raise taxes at present.
④Can you help me lift the big boxes?
【即境活用】
1.(高考江西卷) —What is the price of petrol these days?
—Oh,it ________ sharply since last month.
A.is raisedB.has risen
C.has arisen
D.is increased
解析:选B。句意是:“这些日子汽油的价格怎么样?”“唉,自从上个月以来一直急剧上涨。”此处要用不及物动词has risen表示“上升;上涨”。raise是及物动词,要用has been raised。has arisen出现;发生;is increased要改为现在完成时has been increased。
2.After the terrible flood,the water level in the river ________ by 50 centimetres.
A.rises
B.raises
C.is risen
D.is raised
解析:选A。此处需用不及物动词,作“上升了”讲。句中的by表示“增减的程度”,而不是表被动。
2.regret n.& v. 后悔,遗憾,抱歉
(回归课本P33)Liao Mei really regrets these quarrels.
廖梅对那些争吵感到后悔。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①(朗文P1718)I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.我很遗憾地通知你,你的合同不能续签。
②She deeply regretted losing her temper.
她为自己发了脾气而深感后悔。
③(牛津P1673)If you don’t do it now,you’ll only regret it.
你如果现在不做,以后一定会后悔的。
④(朗文P1718)He regrets that he never went to college.
他为自己从未上过大学感到遗憾。
⑤He left the company with great regret.
他非常遗憾地离开了那个公司。
【即境活用】
3.
—Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh,yes.How often I have regretted ________ his advice!
A.to take B.taking
C.not to take
D.not taking
解析:选D。说话者以前没有听他的忠告而现在感到后悔,所以此处要用not taking形式。
4.This scar will be lasting,but to this day,I have never ________ what I did.
A.forgot
B.recognized
C.considered
D.regretted
解析:选D。regret的意思是“后悔”。从本句的句意可以看出,“我”对过去做过的事始终不后悔。
3.forgive vt. 原谅,饶恕
(回归课本P37)...I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me.
……我不能原谅丹尼离开我。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Forgive my ignorance,but what does the company do?
请原谅我的无知,这家公司是干什么的?
②Forgive me for interrupting,but I really don’t agree with that.请原谅我打岔,不过我确实不同意那一点。
③(牛津P686)I’ll never forgive her for what she did.
我绝不会原谅她所做的事。
④(朗文P761)If anything happened to the kids,I’d never forgive myself.
如果孩子们出了什么事,我永远也不能原谅自己。
【易混辨析】
forgive,excuse,pardon
(1)forgive侧重指在感情上原谅了某人的过错或对自己的冒犯,不再愤恨或不满。
(2)excuse侧重指原谅轻微的过错、失礼等,不涉及到处理或惩罚。
(3)pardon原谅不予追究,指宽恕严重的过失、罪恶或严重的冒犯,尤指反法律、反道德的过失。
①They forgave us for our rudeness.
②Please excuse me for interruption.
③The governor pardoned the two offenders.
【即境活用】
5.Mary did do some bad things about me,but I have ________ her for that.
A.regretted B.freed
C.relaxed
D.forgiven
解析:选D。句意“玛丽对我做了些不好的事,但是我原谅了她。”
4.mention v. 涉及,提及 n. 提及,说起
(回归课本P41)Then the website was mentioned on a radio programme and suddenly the site became very popular.
之后这一网站被电台的一个节目提到,顷刻之间便流行起来。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①He mentioned that he was having problems,but he didn’t explain.他提到他遇到一些问题,但没有作说明。
②(朗文P1230)I mentioned the idea to Joan,and she seemed to like it.我向琼说起过这个想法,她似乎很喜欢。
③(朗文P1230)It’s worth mentioning that the new regulations don’t actually come into force until next year.
值得一提的是新的规章制度要到明年才真正生效。
④(网络)He has a large house and an expensive car,not to mention a villa in France.
他有一所大房子和一辆昂贵的汽车,且不说在法国还有一座别墅了。
【即境活用】
6.I hear they’ve promoted Tom,but he didn’t mention ________ when we talked on the phone.
A.to promote
B.having been promoted
C.having promoted
D.to be promoted
解析:选B。句意是:我听说他们提升了汤姆,但我们在电话谈话时他并没有提到被晋升的事情。“被提升”发生在“提到”之前,所以要用动名词的完成式和被动语态。
7.(武汉市质检)—My boy is always making trouble at school.It makes me upset.
—________—there’s nothing to worry about!
A.Don’t mention it
B.I hope not
C.What a shame
D.Calm down
解析:选D。根据上文“我的孩子在学校总是惹麻烦,这让我不安”以及下文“没什么可担心的”的语境可知,这里表示安慰,所以选D。
5.burst out 突然发生;突然……起来
(回归课本P30)When he reached the final line,everyone burst out laughing.
当他说到最后一句的时候,大家都哄堂大笑起来。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①The baby burst out laughing when he saw his mother.
看到他的妈妈,婴儿突然大笑起来。
②Hearing that their team won the first prize,they burst out cheering.
听到他们队赢得一等奖的消息时,他们欢呼起来。
③(牛津P261)The aircraft crashed and burst into flames.
飞机坠毁后猛烈地燃烧起来。
④Firefighters burst the door open and rescued them.
消防战士猛然打开门去营救他们。
【即境活用】
8.On hearing the news that she failed to pass the final examination,Mary ________ and ran back to her room.
A.burst into tears
B.burst out tears
C.laughed with tears
D.wiped her tears
解析:选A。burst into tears突然大哭。
6.in return 作为回报;作为交换
(回归课本P40)This poem describes the painful feelings of a man in love with someone who does not love him in return.
本诗描写了一个男人爱上一个女人,但女人却不爱他的痛苦感受。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①If you do me a favour,I’ll do one for you in return.
如果你帮我,我也会帮你的。
②If we smile at life,life will smile on us in return.
如果我们微笑面对生活,生活也会回报我们以微笑。
③He is always helping others without expecting anything in return.他总是乐于助人,不求回报。
【易混辨析】
in return,in turn
(1)in return意为“作为对……的回报”,常与介词for连用。
(2)in turn意为“反过来,转而,按次序”。
①He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.
②The girls called out their names in turn.
【即境活用】
9.(高考江西卷)We give dogs time,space and love we can spare,and ________,dogs give us their all.
A.in all
B.in fact
C.in short
D.in return
解析:选D。句意:我们把可以抽出来的时间、腾出的空间和留出的爱都给了狗。作为回报,狗也向我们奉献出它们的一切。in all总共;in fact事实上;in short简言之;in return作为回报。
10.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and ________ this creates further
problems.
A.in short
B.in case
C.in doubt
D.in turn
解析:选D。句意“人们想通过开私家车来避免公共交通的耽搁,而这反过来更加大了问题。”
句型梳理
1.【教材原句】 Having left something in the cloakroom,I went inside to get it,and found Roy going through the pockets of people’s coats.(P30)
因为我把东西落在衣帽间了,我就进去取,这时我发现罗伊正在翻别人的衣服袋。
【句法分析】 find后接复合结构,v.-ing形式作宾补。除此之外,find还可跟形容词、过去分词、副词、介词短语等作宾补。
①He found his parents waiting to meet him at the airport that morning.他发现那天早晨他的父母在机场等他。
②They found the soldiers badly wounded in the cave.
他们在山洞里发现士兵们伤得很重。
③I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again.
希望我们再见面时能看到你的情绪好些。
④I found it difficult to get there.我发现很难到达那儿。
⑤I found him(to be)honest.我发觉他很诚实。
【即境活用】
11.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking
C.to smoke
D.smoked
解析:选B。句意为“如果厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会立即被开除。” find sb.doing sth.=sb.be found doing sth.发现某人在做某事。
12.(高考湖南卷)Listen!Do you hear someone ________ for help?
A.calling
B.call
C.to call
D.called
解析:选A。句意:听!你听到有人正在求救吗?本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。设空处与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故排除D项;不定式作感官动词或使役动词的宾补要省去to且不表示动作正在进行,故排除C项;因为表示动作正在进行,故排除B项;现在分词calling表示主动且表正在进行,故为答案。
2.【教材原句】 It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.(P41)
要是没有老友重聚网站的帮助,我就不可能找到女儿。
【句法分析】 would have been是虚拟语气结构,表示与过去的事实相反的假设。包含without(相当于but for)的介词短语表示虚拟条件,相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句。既可表示与现在的事实相反的假设,又可表示与过去的事实相反的假设。
①Man couldn’t live without water and air(=if there were no water and air).没有水和空气人类就不能生存。
②I could not have finished the work so soon without your help (if you had not helped me).
没有你的帮助,我就不可能那么快完成工作。
③I wouldn’t be alive today without the safety belt.
假如没有安全带,我就活不到今天了。
【即境活用】
13.But for your help,I ________ the place.
A.can’t find
B.can’t have found
C.couldn’t have found
D.haven’t found
解析:选C。But for your help=Without your help=If you had not helped me=If it had not been for your help。根据虚拟语气的结构,主句应用sb.could(not)have done。
14.What would have happened if you ________ her out of trouble?
A.couldn’t help
B.wouldn’t help
C.hadn’t helped
D.didn’t help
解析:选C。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时。
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