2017届高考英语一轮总复习语法专题复习课件：13.定语从句

　　定语从句：在复合句中修饰并限定名词或代词的从句。这个名词或代词称为“先行词”，而引导定语从句的词称为“关系词”。定语从句置于先行词的后面。如：

　　He is the man who/that wants to see you.

　　他就是想见你的那个人。

　　在上句中，the man 是先行词，who/that 是关系词，who/that 引导的定语从句修饰the man。

　　一、关系词的选用与判断

　　正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择取决于先行词和关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中的用法如下表。

　　He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

　　Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(whose 在从句中作定语)

　　The package which/that he was carrying was mine.(which/that在从句中作宾语)

　　We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.(as在从句中作宾语)

　　There are occasions when one must yield.(when在从句中作状语)

　　Beijing is the place where I was born.(where在从句中作状语)

　　Is this the reason why he refused our offer？(why在从句中作状语)

　　二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

　　1．限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉定语从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

　　I was the only person in our office who was invited to the party.

　　(去掉who引导的定语从句，句子意思就不完整)

　　2．非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号与主句分隔开，不能用that引导。

　　Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.

　　(去掉who引导的非限制性定语从句，句子意思仍完整)

　　二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

　　1．限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉定语从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

　　I was the only person in our office who was invited to the party.

　　(去掉who引导的定语从句，句子意思就不完整)

　　2．非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号与主句分隔开，不能用that引导。

　　Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.

　　(去掉who引导的非限制性定语从句，句子意思仍完整)

　　2)用which而不用 that的情况：

　　①引导非限制性定语从句。

　　②代表整个主句的意思。

　　③介词＋关系代词。

　　He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.

　　This is the room in which my father lived last year.

　　2．as引导定语从句时的用法

　　1)as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such… as结构中。

　　Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.

　　我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

　　2)as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来补充说明整个句子。通常用于下列句型：

　　as is known to all　众所周知

　　as is said above　综上所述

　　as is reported in the newspaper　正如报纸所报道的

　　as is announced　正如宣布的那样

　　as we all know　正如我们所知

　　as I expect　正如我预料的那样

　　as everybody knows　正如大家所知

　　as we can see　正如我们所看到的那样

　　as I have said　正如我所说的那样

　　as is often the case　通常如此

　　as might have been expected　不出所料

　　as is mentioned above　正如上面提到的

　　As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid­term examination.

　　3．关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。

　　The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.

　　The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

　　4．定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

　　There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand.

　　that引导的定语从句修饰先行词 an expression, 两者被状语in his eyes分隔开。

　　5．引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词＋which”来代替。

　　October 1, 1949 was the day on which(＝when) the People's Republic of China was founded.

　　6．介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可用which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。

　　This is the classmate with whom I'll go to the cinema.

　　The subject in which I'm most interested is English.

　　The man (whom/who/that) you were talking about has come to school.

　　四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

　　同位语从句通常被用来解释名词(如news, fact, suggestion, truth, plan, belief, doubt, possibility, idea等)的含义或内容，而定语从句对名词或代词起限定和修饰的作用。如：

　　They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句，解释hope的内容)

　　The hope that/which she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句，限定hope)

　　五、定语从句考点评析

　　在2007年、2009年和2010年广东高考英语试卷语法填空题中，分别考查了2个、1个和1个定语从句：

　　2007：

　　1) … the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away_______there was a garage.

　　【答案】where　考查的是关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词是a small town。

　　2) …I wanted to reward the old woman for

　　the trouble I had caused_______.

　　2009：

　　3)Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.

　　【答案】her　考查的是填定语从句中的宾语，先行词是the trouble, 省略了关系代词which/that, 作caused 的双宾语之一。

　　【答案】where　考查的是由关系副词where 引导的定语从句，先行词是a counter。

　　2010：

　　4)He filled his leather container so that he could bring to elder______had been his teacher.

　　【答案】who/that　考查的是定语从句，先行词elder指的是人，关系代词在句中作主语。

　　一、用适当的关系词填空。

　　1．You must show my wife the same respect ________ you show me.

　　2．This is the only one of the students________handwriting is the best.

　　3．He studied hard and later became a well­known writer, ________ his father expected.

　　4．________ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

　　5．Do you know the reason ________ she has changed her mind?

　　as

　　whose

　　which

　　As

　　why

　　6．The old man had three sons, all of ________ died during World War Ⅱ.

　　7．The room ________ Mr.White lives is not very large.

　　8．I live in the house ________ windows face south.

　　9．The headmaster doubted the reason ________ I didn't come to school.

　　10．This is the school ________ we visited three days ago.

　　whom

　　where

　　whose

　　why　

　　which

　　11．Because of my poor memory, all ________ you told me has been forgotten.

　　12．We are just trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk.

　　13．He's got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

　　14．The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

　　15．When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people ________ he had visited.

　　that　

　　where

　　where　

　　when

　　that

　　16．Morning is the best time ________ we should make full use of to read aloud.

　　17．Jack is a man ________ I believe is honest.

　　18．How many students are there in your class ________ homes are in the country?

　　19．In order to develop our skills, we should do more such exercises in the future, I think, __________we did today.

　　20．Those ________ want to go please sign their names here.

　　that　

　　who

　　whose

　　as

　　who

　　二、根据句子意思，用“介词＋关系代词”填空。

　　1．In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.

　　2．The man ________________ you are going to make friends is my father's neighbor.

　　3．They will visit the farm ________________ my brother works.

　　4．Nearby were two canoes ________________ they had come to the island.

　　5．Wu Dong, ________________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

　　to whom

　　with whom　

　　on which

　　in which　

　　with whom　

　　6．The stories about the Long March, ________________ this is one example, are well written.

　　7．In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30, ________________ many people have got home.

　　8．This is the book ________________ you asked.

　　9．The man ________________ I learned the news came.

　　10．Water is very important for us ________________we cannot live.

　　of which

　　by which

　　for which

　　from whom　

　　without which

　　三、用定语从句完成下面句子。

　　1．他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。

　　He has a book____________________________.

　　2．他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。

　　They often talk about the people and the things________________________________.

　　3．我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。

　　We should help those______________________________.

　　4．我仅仅在那读了两年的学校有三公里远。

　　The school ________________________________was 3 kilometers away.

　　whose cover is very beautiful　

　　that they are interested in　

　　who need help　

　　where I studied for only two years　

　　5．李明迟到了，这让张先生非常生气。

　　Li Ming was late, _________________________________.

　　6．正如上面提到的，纸是中国首先制造出来的。

　　____________________， paper was first made in China.

　　7．曾有一段时间中国的经济落后于世界许多国家。

　　There was a time ____________________________________________________ in the world.

　　8．中国有许多大河流，其中黄河和长江是最重要的河流。

　　There are many big rivers in China, ________________________________________________ and the Yangtze River.

　　which made Mr.Zhang very angry　

　　As is mentioned above　

　　when Chinese economy was far behind many other countries　

　　the most important of which is the Yellow River　

　　9．我们学校有300多位老师，70%都是男老师。

　　There are more than 300 teachers in our school, ________________________________________________.

　　10．我们学校是个漂亮而又宁静的地方，前面有很多高大树木。

　　Our school is a beautiful and quiet place, ________________________________________________.

　　70% of whom are men　

　　in front of which stand a lot of tall trees

　　四、语法填空。

　　Though I can't remember everything 1.________ happened during the time 2.________ I was in university, I still remember some people and things 3.________ were related to my best friend, 4.________ used to be monitor in our class.If you want to know who is the lady that I referred to in my diary, I can tell you：it's her, Miss Brown.Here is a story 5.____________ makes me remember Miss Brown until now.One afternoon, she and I arrived in New York, 6.________ we would spend our summer holiday together.We went to the biggest bookstore in 7.________ there were different kinds of books to be sold.

　　that

　　when

　　that　

　　who

　　that/which　

　　where　

　　which

　　There, she persuaded me to buy a grammar book 8.________ could offer me knowledge of grammar and a dictionary 9.________ I could look up the new words in.Miss Brown also bought the same books 10.________ I did.Just when we left the bookstore and were ready to go back to our university, a big man stopped us and robbed me of my necklace.Miss Brown tried her best to help me and lost one of her fingers.

　　that/which

　　which/that

　　as

　　五、基础写作。

　　根据下面信息，用5个句子表达全部内容，并尽可能应用定语从句。

　　1．我有一个同学叫李明，他是我们的班长，他母亲是我高一的英语老师。

　　2．李明学习认真，乐于助人，我们大家都很喜欢他。

　　3．上周他代表学校参加市数学竞赛并获得一等奖，这让我们非常自豪。

　　4．今年暑假，李明计划和他母亲一块去云南旅游。

　　5．众所周知，云南有很多旅游胜地，他打算在那尽情享受自然风光，好好放松一下自己。

　　【答案】

　　I have a classmate named Li Ming, who is our monitor and whose mother was my English teacher in Senior One.Li Ming studies very hard and is always ready to help others, so we all like him very much.Last week he took part in the maths contest of our city on behalf of our school and won first place, which made us feel very proud.On this summer vocation, Li Ming plans to go on a trip to Yunnan with his mother.As we all know, Yunnan has many places of interest, where he is going to enjoy the natural scenery and relax himself.