2017年高考英语一轮复习课件8：Unit 3《Computers》（新人教版必修2）

　　话题：现代技术

　　常用词汇：

　　science and technology 科学技术　computer电脑　Internet网络　computer games 电脑游戏　email 电子邮件

　　information信息　message消息　screen屏幕　mouse鼠标　apply应用　application应用　invent 发明　invention发明　electronic电子的　laptop手提电脑　equipment设备　equip…with 装备　software软件　data数据　database数据库　robot机器人　satellite卫星　battery 电池　chip芯片　digital 数据的　fax 传真　portable手提的

　　engineer工程师　update更新　download下载　net网　network 网络系统　virus病毒　access进入　scan浏览　store sound and picture digitally自动贮存声音和图片　deal with处理　the latest version of the software最新版的软件　surf the Internet上网　shop on line 网上购物

　　范例：

　　The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet

　　The following aspects could best illustrate the advantages of the Internet.Net surfers (网上冲浪者) in different countries can share interesting knowledge and the latest information.Besides, the Internet has provided a major opportunity to buy and sell merchandise (商品)．What is more, people may get medical help or even vote on the Internet.Its advantages seem countless.

　　Behind all this glowing talk, however, are some problems.Internet makes people passive by stopping them making their own entertainment.So much that when there is a breakdown or jam, people may find that World Wide Web turns into World Wide Wait.What is worse, some children have access to the scenes of violence and sex.Apart from these, it can be affected by viruses(病毒) and hackers (黑客)．

　　We should handle its problems, meanwhile we should exploit its potential as well.With proper management of the Internet people ought to experience more fruits of the information revolution.All the wisdom of the ages, all the information that has enlightened mankind for centuries, should be available to us with the healthy development of the Internet.

　　一、单词识记

　　根据词意写出单词的汉语意思或写英文单词。

　　1．金融；财政n.______________

　　2．应用；用途；申请 n．______________

　　3．现实；事实 n．______________

　　4．智能的；聪明的 adj.______________

　　5．人工的；假的 adj.______________

　　6．技术；工艺；科技n.______________

　　7．简化 vt.______________

　　8．普遍的；宇宙的；通用的 adj.______________

　　9．计算 vt.______________

　　10．病毒 n．______________

　　finance

　　application

　　reality

　　intelligent

　　artificial

　　technology

　　simplify　

　　universal

　　calculate

　　virus

　　11．character n．______________

　　12．appearance n．______________

　　13．electronic adj.______________

　　14．arise vi.______________

　　15．signal vi./n.______________

　　16．download vt.______________

　　17．happiness n．______________

　　18．goal n．______________

　　19．explore v．______________

　　20．mobile adj.______________

　　性格；特点　

　　外貌；出现

　　电子的

　　出现；发生

　　发信号；信号

　　下载　

　　快乐；幸福

　　目标；目的；球门；得分　

　　探索；探究

　　可移动的；机动的

　　二、词汇拓展

　　用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

　　1．________ speaking, I'm in favor of the scheme.(person)

　　2．As the wages were low, there were few ________ for the job.(apply)

　　3．There is no point in keeping up _____________ when everyone knows we're nearly bankrupt.(appear)

　　4．________ the thing he was worried about never happened.(happy)

　　5．I can use a word processor but I don't know its ______.(operate)

　　Personally

　　applicants

　　appearances

　　Happily

　　operation

　　三、词组互译

　　将下列词组译成英语或中文。

　　1．技术革命____________________

　　2．毕竟____________________

　　3．打一场足球赛______________

　　4．获得第二名______________

　　5．用计算机语言____________________

　　6．从那时开始______________

　　7．一个忠实的朋友________________

　　8．公众舆论______________

　　9．与……分享知识_________________________

　　10．未知病毒______________

　　a technological revolution

　　after all

　　play agame of football

　　win second place

　　in computer language

　　from

　　then on

　　a devoted friend

　　public opinion

　　share

　　one's knowledge with

　　an unknown virus

　　11．deal with______________

　　12．give it away to a local school ______________

　　13．make up ______________

　　14．watch over______________

　　15．be crazy about radios ______________

　　16．make a decision ______________

　　17．be filled with happiness______________

　　18．my goal is to do sth. ______________

　　19．compare A with B ______________

　　20．with the help of______________

　　处理

　　把它捐给当地一所学校

　　编造，化妆

　　监视

　　对无线电着迷

　　作出决定

　　充满快乐

　　我的目标是做……

　　拿A与B 进行比较

　　在……的帮助下

　　四、单元重点句子填空

　　根据句子结构或语法要求填空。

　　1．By the 1940s I _____________(grow) as large as a room.

　　2．With the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, ______ (use) my intelligence is what I'm all about.

　　3．Since the 1970s many new applications ______________ (find) for me.

　　4．I have also been put into robots and ________(use) to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.

　　5．I developed very slowly ________it took nearly two hundred years ________ I was built as an analytical machine.

　　had grown

　　using

　　have been found

　　used

　　and

　　before

　　6．I am now truly filled with happiness ________ I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race.

　　7．I was always so lonely standing there by myself, ________ in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.

　　8．I would really like to play against a human team, ________I have been programmed to act just like them.

　　9．I could “think” ________ (logic) and produce an answer quicker than any person.

　　10．________ the football team I'm a ________ (strike) so I have to be able to run very fast.

　　that　

　　until　

　　for

　　logically

　　On

　　striker

　　五、课文内容理解

　　根据课文内容，请用适当的词或短语的正确形式填空。

　　The computer began as a 1.________ machine in France in 1642.It could 2.________ difficult sums.About 200 years later Charles Babbage improved it into an analytical machine.After it was programmed by an operator, it could think 3.________， which was considered a 4.______________ revolution at that time.In 1936, the Father of Computers, Alsn Turing, wrote a book about how computers could be made to 5.________ any difficult maths problems.In the 1940s, the computer was as large as a room.As time 6.________， calculating

　　simplify

　　logically

　　technological　

　　solve

　　went by

　　the computer was made smaller and smaller, first as a PC and then as a laptop.First the information was stored in tubes and then on transistors and later on small 7.__________.In the early 1960s, computers were first connected by a 8.___________.Since the 1970s many new 9._______________ have been found on computers.Computers have even been put into rockets and sent to 10.________ the Moon and Mars.

　　chips

　　network

　　applications

　　explore

　　六、单元语法复习

　　将所给出的直接引语变为间接引语。

　　1．An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.

　　My computer ______ just _________________ an unknown virus.

　　2．We have not solved the problem yet.

　　The problem ______________________ by us yet.

　　3．A kind of intelligent robot ________________ (develop) by the scientists recently.

　　4．I'm told that the computers ________________(give) away to a local school.

　　5．A large amount of money ________________ (collect) to help the poor homeless children in the past weeks.

　　has

　　been attacked by

　　has not been solved

　　has been developed

　　have been given

　　has been collected

　　1．sum

　　n．总数；算术题；金额

　　v．sum up 总结；概括

　　sum of sth.……的金额；总数

　　in sum 简言之；总而言之

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)他被处于200美元的罚金。

　　He was fined _________________________________.

　　2)5加6的和是11。

　　______________________ is 11.

　　3)总之，计划告吹了。

　　____________， the plan failed.

　　4)现在把你的观点用几句话概括一下。

　　Now ______________________ in a few words.

　　the sum of 200 dollars

　　The sum of 5 and 6

　　In sum

　　sum up your views

　　2．solve vt.解决；解析

　　solution to sth.……的答案/解决办法

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)请帮我解决经济困难。

　　Please help me _______________________________.

　　2)她经济困难无法解决。

　　She can find _________________________________.

　　to solve my financial troubles

　　no solution to her financial troubles

　　3．goal n．目标；球门；(进球)得分

　　pursue/reach/attain one's goal in life 追求/达到/实现某人的人生目标

　　score/kick a goal 得(踢进一球得)一分

　　win the game by three goals to one 以三比一获胜

　　4．common adj.普通的；常见的

　　common sense 常识

　　common people 普通老百姓

　　common interest/purpose 共同兴趣/目的

　　have sth. in common (with) 与……有共同之处

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)我的看法与他们的有许多相同之处。

　　My idea__________________________________.

　　2)两人一组讨论他们的共同点。

　　In pairs discuss what they have______________________.

　　【答案】1)has a lot in common with theirs　2)in common

　　5．arise vi.出现；发生(arose; arisen)

　　arise from 由……引起

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。

　　Accidents ________________ carelessness.

　　2)新的困难出现了。

　　A new difficulty ________________.

　　【答案】1)arise from　2)has arisen

　　1．as a result 结果

　　as a result of 由于……的结果

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)他工作努力，因此受到所有同事的赞扬。

　　He works very hard, and _____________， he is praised by all his colleagues.

　　2)由于大雾，所有航班都被迫取消。

　　______________， all the flights had to be cancelled.

　　【答案】1)as a result　2)As a result of the heavy fog

　　2．in a way 在某种程度上；用一种方式

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像我们的教练。

　　________________， our programmer is like our coach.

　　2)在会上，她以一种大家从未料到的方式发言。

　　She spoke at the meeting ______________________.

　　联想：

　　in the way 挡道

　　by the way 顺便说

　　on the way 在途中

　　in this way 用这种方法

　　in no way 决不

　　by way of 途经

　　In a way

　　in a way that was quite unexpected

　　运用：用适当的介词填空

　　3)A heavy storm is ________ the way.

　　4)The changes are an improvement ________ a way.

　　5)________ the way, why not drop in for a drink this evening?

　　6)________ no way am I responsible for what has happened.

　　7)The next flight doesn't go direct to Rome; it goes ________ way of Paris.

　　on

　　in

　　By

　　In

　　by

　　3．make up 构成；化妆；捏造；补足(时间或金钱)

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)你必须把你今天下午浪费掉的时间弥补上。

　　You must ____________________ that you have wasted this afternoon.

　　2)六女九男组成了这个委员会。

　　Six women and nine men _________________________.

　　3)如今很多妇女在出门前都要化妆。

　　Many women prefer ________________ these days before going out.

　　make up the time

　　make up the committee

　　making up

　　拓展：

　　make for 走向

　　make from 由……制造

　　make into 把……制成……

　　make of 用……做成

　　make up for 弥补；补偿

　　make use of 利用

　　4．deal with 对付(与how连用)；涉及；与……有生意往来

　　do with 处理；对付 (与what 连用)

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)你怎么对付那些吵闹的孩子的？

　　__________________ those noisy children?

　　2)我与这家商店有20年的生意往来了。

　　I've __________________ for twenty years.

　　3)汤姆的上一篇文章是论述教学法的。

　　Tom's last article ______________________________.

　　【答案】1)How do you deal with/What do you do with

　　2)dealt with this shop　3)deals with teaching methods

　　5．watch over 看守；监视

　　She promised to watch over his child.

　　她答应照看好他的孩子。

　　拓展：

　　watch out (for)小心；提防

　　watch sb.do/doing sth.看着某人做/正在做某事

　　on watch 值班

　　keep watch (for) 注视或监视

　　1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.

　　It＋take/be＋some time＋before… 要花多长时间才……

　　It＋not＋take/be＋some time＋before… 不久就……；过不了多久就……

　　运用：翻译下列句子

　　1)一切要在两周后才能恢复正常。

　　2)用不了多久我们就会见面的。

　　3)又过了七年他们才结婚。

　　【答案】

　　1)It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.

　　2)It won't be long before we meet again.

　　3)After that it still took seven years before they got married.

　　2．As time went by, I was made smaller.

　　as引导的时间状语从句表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，意为“随着”或“当……时候”。

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)随着年龄增长，他变得更有魅力。

　　He gets more attractive __________________________.

　　2)当我坐进车里时，发现座位下有张纸。

　　_______________， I found a piece of paper on the floor.

　　【答案】1)as he gets older　2)As I was getting into the car

　　Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!

　　结构分析：本句是由so…that…连接的复合句，that后的结果状语从句中又含有一个省略了that的定语从句I have been told；另外，like an elephant为插入语，故前后用逗号分开。

　　一、语法填空。

　　1．________ history of computer began in 1642 in France.It was first built only as a calculating machine, 2.________ later as an analytical machine that could “think”logically and produce an answer quicker than 3.________ person.Still later, the “universal machine” was built 4.________ (solve) mathematical problems, 5.________ made computer huge! 6.________ the years have gone by, computer has been made smaller, quicker and cleverer.Later, computers 7._______________ (connect) by a network and brought 8._______ common people's homes to deal with information and help 9.________________ (communicate) between people around the world.Since 10.________ birth, computer has always been designed to serve the human race.

　　The

　　and

　　any

　　to solve

　　which

　　As

　　were

　　connected

　　into

　　communication

　　its

　　二、基础写作：尽可能用本单元学过的词或短语翻译下列句子，然后将这些句子连成一篇由5个句子组成的意义连贯的短文。

　　1．在科学技术的帮助下，我们人类现在过着比以往更幸福的生活。

　　2．以电脑的发明为例，它不仅帮助我们解决数学难题，而且我们也能把信息输进电脑通过网络与别人进行交流。

　　3．另外，它还可以在程序员的操作下取代我们处理很危险的工作。

　　4．在某种程度上，他们的优势超过人类的优势，这就是为什么人类创造出一些有人工智能的机器人来帮助我们人类的原因。

　　5．然而，一些人担忧在高科技的滥用中会出现危险的问题。

　　6．在我看来，有科学家的密切监控，人类一定能克服技术上的不足，使电脑更好地为自己服务。

　　【答案】

　　With the help of science and technology, human race is now living a much happier life than before.Take the invention of the computer for example, it not only helps us solve mathematical problems, but we can type any information into it to communicate with others in the world by the network；besides, it can replace us to deal with many dangerous situations under the programmers' control.In a way, its advantages are over humans', and this is why people create some robots with artificial intelligence to help us human beings.However, some people are worried that dangerous problems will arise from any over­usage of high­tech.Personally, with the scientists watching the computer over closely, human beings are sure to make up technological shortcomings and make it serve themselves better.

　　写作

　　句子成分分析(七)

　　状语(adverbial)(B)

　　状语的分类：

　　状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等十类。

　　1．地点状语，多置于句末：

　　The students are doing their homework in the classroom.

　　2．时间状语，多置于句末或句首：

　　I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside.

　　3．目的状语，多置于句末：

　　Did you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family?

　　4．原因状语，多置于句末：

　　He was unable to finish the book for reasons of health.

　　5．结果状语：

　　She woke suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.

　　6．程度状语，单词多置于所修饰的句子成分前或后，短语和从句一般置于其所修饰的句子成分之后：

　　I nearly forgot what he had promised.

　　At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they are today.

　　7．方式状语，多置于句末：

　　Don't look at me like that.

　　8．条件状语，多置于句末或句首：

　　If you work hard at English，you will do well in English.

　　I wouldn't have been there except for him.

　　9．让步状语，多置于句末或句首：

　　Despite the difficulties, they finished the job.

　　He helped me though he didn't know me.

　　10．伴随状语，多置于句末或句首：

　　He stood there, pipe in mouth.

　　练习：

　　根据中文完成下面句子。

　　1．尽管困难重重，他们还是成功了。

　　They succeeded ______________________________.

　　2．他经常骑车上班。

　　He often goes to work __________.

　　3．他生火取暖。

　　He lit a fire __________________________________.

　　4．因为没钱，他不能买电视机。

　　________________， he could not buy the TV set.

　　5 向右拐，你就会找到你要找的地方。

　　___________,_you will find the place you are looking for.

　　6．“你还等什么？”亨利说道，他不耐烦了。

　　“What are you waiting for？” Henry asked, ________________.

　　in spite of all difficulties

　　by bike　

　　to keep himself warm

　　Having no money

　　Turning to right

　　his impatience rising

　　完形填空解题技巧点拨(三)

　　5．突破句子的束缚，捕捉篇章信息

　　每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以解题时考生不要只局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。

　　【例】In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again.To my __36__， it was the same score.

　　Later that evening, I __37__told Frank what I had learned that day.After talking it over, we agreed that we knew our __38__much better than an IQ(智商) test.

　　…After the ceremony, we told Michael about the__47__IQ score he got when he was six.Since that day, Michael sometimes would look at us and say jokingly, “My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn't be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school！”

　　…We went to the same clinic where he had received the test eighteen years before.This time Michael scored 126, an increase of 36 points.

　　()36.A.joy　B．surpriseC．dislike

　　D．disappointment

　　()37.A.tearfully

　　B．fearfullyC．cheerfully

　　D．hopefully

　　()38.A.student

　　B．sonC．friend

　　D．doctor

　　()47.A.high

　　B．sameC．low

　　D．different

　　【解析】2007重庆卷的完形填空以第一人称讲述了如何对待孩子的成长问题。开头就提到Michael的智商测试，随之设置的几个题目都和此有关，可是在本段没有线索。但读到文章最后，“This time Michael scored 126, an increase of 36 points.”，我们茅塞顿开，原来Michael是“我们”的儿子(38.B)，六岁时接受了一次智商测试，分数很低(47.C)，“我”很失望(36.D)，所以“我” 眼含泪水告诉丈夫Frank测试结果(37.A)。

　　练习：结合篇章结构，选择最佳答案

　　1)(首段)Carolyn Stradley is the founder of C & S Paving In C．(铺路公司) in Atlanta, USA.In the following account, she recalls the job that challenged her__36__and skill but left her flying high.

　　(尾段)…“The key to our success was having the courage to take on any job and then being creative in our approach to getting it done.”

　　()36.A.kindness

　　　B．patience

　　C．imagination

　　　D．experience

　　2)(首段)…All you need is a webcom and your pretty face to access your PC.

　　(尾段)…If the system__29__to recognize your__30__， you can recall the Windows user name and password by using a hot­key combination.

　　()29.A.begins

　　　B．tries

　　C．fails

　　　D．stops

　　()30.A.account

　　　B．name

　　C．password

　　　D．face

　　【答案】1)C　2)C；D