2017年高考英语一轮复习课件14：Unit 4《Astronomy the science of the stars（新人教版必修3）

　　话题：科普知识

　　常用词汇：

　　science 科学　scientist 科学家　technology 技术　engineer 工程师　astronaut宇航员　astronomer 天文学家

　　breakthrough突破　project项目　capsule太空舱　manned spaceship/spacecraft载人飞船　space shuttle航天飞机　unmanned spaceship/spacecraft无人飞船　circling the moon绕月　landing on the moon登月　return to Earth返回地球　weather satellite气象卫星　

　　communication satellite通信卫星　carry out scientific experiments开展科学实验　with all the information available 有所有的可用信息　invent a folding wheel 发明可折叠的轮子　have access to space travel能到太空旅游　apply basic technology to daily life 将基础科技运用到日常生活中

　　范例：

　　Is there life on Mars? We don't know.Can we land on Mars? It all depends on the development of science and technology.Man has known a little about Mars.There is almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there.Now that Mars are quite different from our earth, if we are to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food and clothing.But it is certain that with the development of science man will land on Mars in time.

　　一、 单词识记

　　根据词意写出单词的汉语意思或写英文单词。

　　1．不同；不像 prep.________________

　　2．有害的 adj.______________

　　3．连锁；锁链 n．______________

　　4．存在；生存 vi.________________

　　5．因此；于是 adv.________________

　　6．使迷惑；使为难vt.；谜；难题n.______________

　　7．气候n.______________

　　8．生物学家n.______________

　　9．温和的；文雅的adj.______________

　　10．物理学家n.______________

　　unlike

　　harmful　

　　chain

　　exist

　　thus

　　puzzle　

　　climate

　　biologist　

　　gentle　

　　physicist

　　11．astronomy n．______________

　　12．atom n．______________

　　13．carbon n．______________

　　14．acid n．______________

　　15．fundamental adj.______________

　　16．multiply v．______________

　　17．oxygen n．______________

　　18．dioxide n．______________

　　19．gravity n．______________

　　20．satellite n．______________

　　天文学

　　原子　

　　碳

　　酸

　　基本的；基础的

　　乘；增加

　　氧　

　　二氧化物　

　　重力，万有引力

　　卫星；人造卫星

　　二、词汇拓展

　　用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

　　1．If we interfere(干涉), it may do more ________ than good.(harmful)

　　2．He fell ________ in love with her.(violent)

　　3．She is good at dancing; she is a ________ dancer.(birth)

　　4．Some students were doing a ________ experiment in the lab with the help of their teacher.(biology)

　　5．I was unaware of his ________ until now.(exist)

　　harm　

　　violently　

　　born　

　　biological

　　existence

　　三、词组互译

　　将下列词组译成中文或英语。

　　1．密切注视；当心______________

　　2．突发；爆发______________

　　3．既然______________

　　4．感到高兴/振奋______________

　　5．阻止；制止______________

　　6．轮到某人；接替______________

　　7．产生；分娩______________

　　8．下蛋______________

　　9．及时；终于______________

　　10．挡住(光线)______________

　　watch out

　　break out　

　　now that

　　cheer up　

　　prevent…from…　

　　in one's turn　

　　give birth to

　　lay eggs

　　in time　

　　block out　

　　11．think of…as______________

　　12．combine into…______________

　　13．cool down______________

　　14．get the hang of ______________

　　15．be different from…______________

　　16．spread all over the earth ______________

　　17．go by______________

　　18．make a trip ______________

　　19．be off______________

　　20．rise into the air______________

　　把……看作是

　　合成……

　　冷却　

　　熟悉； 理解；掌握

　　与……不同　

　　遍布全世界　

　　过去， 推移

　　去旅行

　　启程　

　　升入太空

　　四、单元重点句子填空

　　根据句子结构或语法要求填空。

　　1．We usually think of science subjects ________ physics, chemistry, biology, geology and mathematics.

　　2．What are the most important skills we need ________ (be) real scientists?

　　3．________it was to become was a mystery ________the dust began to slowly combine into a ball ________(move) around the sun.

　　4．It exploded loudly ________ fire and rock，________ were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, ________ were to make the earth's atmosphere.

　　as　

　　to be

　　What

　　until

　　moving

　　with

　　which

　　which

　　5．It allowed the earth ___________(dissolve) harmful gases，________ had become part of the earth's atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.

　　6．Scientists believe that taking carbon dioxide ________ the atmosphere and ________(fill) the air ________ oxygen helped life to develop.

　　7．Last month I was ________ (luck) enough to have a chance ________(make) a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.

　　8．I cheered ________ immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin ________(watch) the earth become________ (small) and the moon larger.

　　to dissolve

　　which

　　from

　　filling

　　with

　　lucky

　　to make

　　up

　　watching

　　smaller

　　9．Walking does need a bit of practice ________ that gravity has changed.

　　10．We watched，________(amaze) as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship ________ the earth's gravity increased.

　　now

　　amazed

　　as

　　五、课文内容理解

　　根据课文内容，请用适当的词或短语的正确形式填空。

　　As the result of “Big Bang”， the violent earth slowly settled into a 1.________ moving around the sun.The gasses which were to make the earth's 2.___________came into being from the 3.________ of the dust ball, with water following them while the earth 4.________ down.It allowed the beginning for life.Millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the 5.________ of the water, 6.____________ and filling the sea and oceans, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.As time passed, green plants taking 7.____________ and producing

　　globe

　　atmosphere

　　explosion

　　cooled

　　surface　

　　multiplying

　　carbon dioxide　

　　8.________came to land and grew into forests.Later the 9.________ of lives continued, such as insects, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs and 10.________， the typical of which is human being.They don't only do good to the earth but cause damage to it.

　　oxygen

　　chains

　　mammals

　　六、单元语法复习

　　翻译下面句子或用适当的连词填空。

　　1．野生动植物能否得到很好的保护是非常重要的。

　　2．恐龙为何灭绝至今还是个谜。

　　3．It is a shame ________ you have to leave so soon.

　　4．It is not clear ________ gold was found there.

　　5．________ kind of food is the best is still not certain.

　　6．________ is need for the space trip is careful preparation.

　　7．________ will go makes no difference.

　　Whether wildlife can be well preserved is of great importance.

　　Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.

　　that

　　how

　　Which

　　What　

　　Who

　　1．puzzle

　　n．谜；难题

　　v．使迷惑；使为难

　　a puzzled expression on her face脸上困惑的表情

　　a puzzling attitude 令人费解的态度

　　be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解

　　find the answer to/solve a puzzle找到谜底/解开一个谜

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)他们为什么做这事我仍感到莫名其妙。

　　Their reason for doing it is still ______________.

　　2)我不知道下一步怎么办。

　　I ________________ what to do next.

　　a puzzle to me

　　am puzzled about

　　2．exist vi.存在；生存

　　exist in/on sth.存在；有

　　exist on sth.靠……活下来

　　come into existence 存在；产生

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)这种想法是诗人才有的。

　　The idea __________________ the mind of poets.

　　2)我靠自己挣的工资简直难以糊口。

　　I __________________ the wage I'm getting.

　　exists only in

　　can hardly exist on

　　3．make v．迫使；制作；使变为；选举；赚得

　　make sth. 制造……

　　make sb./sth.do sth. 使……做……

　　make sb.sth./make sth. for sb. 给……做……；使成为

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)她自己做了几根蜡烛来照明。

　　She ________________________ light.

　　2)今天早晨我的汽车发动不起来。

　　I couldn't __________________ this morning.

　　3)她给我做了一件玩具作为我的生日礼物。

　　She __________________ as a birthday gift.

　　made some candles to give　

　　make my car start

　　made a toy for me

　　拓展：

　　make sth. from… 用……做……

　　make sth. into… 将……制成……

　　make oneself understood/heard 使……明白/听到

　　make it clear that… 明确……

　　make trouble 惹麻烦

　　make a profit/loss 盈利/亏损

　　4．remain vi.保持；仍然是；剩下；留待以后做……；停留

　　remain on/in… 停留……

　　remain to do/to be done 有待做/被做……

　　remain (to be)… 仍然是……

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)After the fire, ________________ of my house.(寒舍所剩无几)

　　2)__________________(以后可见分晓) whether you are right.

　　3)I __________________ until May.(我在伦敦一直待到五月)

　　4)In spite of their quarrel, they ________________________.(仍不失为最好的朋友)

　　very little remained

　　It remains to be seen

　　remained in London　

　　remained (to be) the best of friends

　　5．feel v．触摸；感受到；以为

　　feel sth.触摸……；感觉到……

　　feel sth.doing… 感觉到……在做……

　　feel＋adj./to sb.like sth.给……以某种感觉

　　feel that… 认为；以为

　　feel like doing 想要做某事

　　feel one's way 摸索着走

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)出事后，她的左腿失去了知觉。

　　After the accident, she couldn't ________________ in her left leg.

　　2)我觉得有东西顺着我的胳膊向上爬(crawl)。

　　I _____________________ up my arm.

　　3)我觉得这钱包像是皮的。

　　The wallet ________________ leather.

　　4)她坚信自己能成功。

　　She ________ in her bones __________________________.

　　5)这水感觉是温的。

　　The water __________________.

　　feel anything

　　felt something crawling

　　feels to me like　

　　felt

　　that she would succeed

　　feels warm

　　1．in time 及时；终于

　　in vain 徒劳；白费

　　in use 使用

　　in turn 轮流

　　in surprise 吃惊

　　in sight 看得见

　　in secret 秘密地

　　in reality 事实上

　　in particular 特别；尤其

　　in detail 详细地

　　运用：用适当的名词填空

　　1)The doctor arrived in ________ to save her.

　　2)He buried his gold in ________ and no one knows where it is.

　　3)We suggested that his project be discussed in more ________.

　　4)He pretended to be very busy, but in ________ he had very little to do.

　　5)They answered the teacher's question in ________.

　　6)He didn't change at all.All our efforts to help him were in ________.

　　7)If you keep on trying, you will succeed in ________.

　　time

　　secret

　　detail　

　　reality

　　turn

　　vain　

　　time

　　2．lay eggs 下蛋

　　lay sth.aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄(钱)

　　lay sth.down 把某物放下

　　lay the table 摆桌子

　　lay emphasis/stress on sth.强调某事

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)The bird ____________(下蛋) in other birds' nests.

　　2)He is a political leader that ________________ (非常强调) individual responsibility.

　　3)I _________my book, turned off the light and went to sleep.

　　4)After finishing the letter, he ________ himself ______ to sleep.

　　lays its eggs

　　lays great stress on

　　laid aside

　　laid

　　down

　　3．prevent…from… 阻止；制止

　　stop…from… 阻止；制止

　　keep…from… 阻止；制止

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)他的伤残阻止不了他享受人生的乐趣。

　　His injures________________________________________.

　　2)谁也不能阻止这个计划的执行。

　　No one can _____________________________________.

　　don't prevent/stop/keep him from enjoying life

　　prevent

　　the plan from being carried out

　　4．break out 突发；爆发

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)第二次世界大战是1939年9月爆发的。

　　___________________________in September, 1939.

　　2)流行性感冒通常在冬季发生。

　　Influenza usually_________________________________.

　　The Second World War broke out　

　　breaks out in winter

　　5．watch out (for) 当心；提防

　　watch over 看守；照看

　　运用：完成句子

　　1)在那些日子，你要是不加提防就很容易受骗。

　　In those days you would be easily cheated if you ________________.

　　2)在这你要留神车辆。

　　You must ________________ the traffic here.

　　3)工程师和工人们日夜守护着大坝。

　　The engineers and workmen _________________________

　　day and night.

　　didn't watch out

　　watch out for　

　　watched over the dam

　　1．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

　　倍数的表达方式：倍数＋比较级＋than…

　　其他表达方式：

　　倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as…

　　倍数＋the size/height/length/width of…

　　仿写：

　　1)我的房子是我父母的两倍大。

　　2)我的收入是你的两倍。

　　My house is twice as large as my parents'.

　　＝My house is twice larger than my parents'.

　　＝My house is twice the size of my parents'.

　　My income is double yours.

　　2．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

　　句型：主语＋v.＋it＋n./adj.＋(for sb.) to do…

　　在本句型中，it 是形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的不定式。

　　仿写：

　　1)我们认为重新讨论这个问题很重要。

　　2)我们认为与他争论毫无意义。

　　We think it very important to discuss this problem again.

　　We consider it no sense to argue with him.

　　We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.

　　结构分析：本句是 “主语＋谓语”的结构，amazed 作伴随状语，后面两个as 引导的从句都是时间状语从句(第一个as意为“当……时候”， 第二个as意为“随着”)。

　　一、语法填空。

　　1．________ we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times 2.________our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.Then we were off.As the rocket rose into the air, we 3.______________ (push) back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of earth's gravity.It was so hard that we could not say 4.________ to each other.Gradually 5.________ weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.“Why is the spaceship not falling 6.________to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground，” I asked.

　　Before　

　　on

　　were pushed

　　anything

　　the

　　back

　　“We are too far from the earth now 7.________ (feel) its pull，” he explained, “ so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.When we get 8.________ (close) to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, 9.________ it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's.” I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin 10.________ (watch) the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

　　to feel

　　closer　

　　but

　　watching

　　二、基础写作：尽可能用本单元学过的词或短语翻译下列句子，然后将这些句子连成一篇由5个句子组成的意义连贯的短文。

　　1．如今，有关太空探索(probe)的益处和用处存在着很多争论。

　　2．有人说这是在浪费金钱。

　　3．在地球上，有太多的问题等待我们去解决，我们不应该转移注意力。

　　4．太空的探索已被证明而且仍将继续证明对我们人类有决定性的意义。

　　5．自从大约四十年前，第一颗人造卫星发射(launch)和人类登上月球，我们就知道了更多关于宇宙的东西。

　　6．此外，太空计划的发展有力地推动了现代科技某些分支的发展。

　　7．总之，探索太空是人类最大的使命(mission)之一。

　　【答案】

　　Nowadays, there is much argument as to advantages and usefulness of probing the outer space.On the one hand, some people say that it is a waste of money, and we have so many problems to cope with on the earth that we should not turn our attention to it.On the other hand, others think the probing of the outer space has proved, and will still prove, decisive to us.Since the launching of the first satellite about four decades ago and man's landing on the moon, we have come to know much more about universe; besides, the development of space programs has given a powerful push to the development of certain branches of modern science and technology.All in all, the probing of the outer space is one of the greatest missions man has ever set himself.

　　写作

　　简单句五大基本句型 (五)

　　主语(S)＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语

　　此句型的谓语动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还要加上一个补充成分(宾语补足语)，才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语与它的补足语之间存在着逻辑上(即意义上)的主谓关系。常见动词有： appoint，believe，call，catch, elect，feel, find, like，hear，keep，leave，discover, make, need，prefer，prove，see，warn, etc.

　　We must keep the classroom clean.

　　They consider Jack a brave boy.

　　I saw the little girl dancing in the room.

　　练习：

　　用上面句型翻译下面句子。

　　1．我们叫她Alice。

　　2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。

　　3．我要你把真相告诉我。

　　4．他每个月理一次发。

　　5．我认为帮他的忙是我们的职责所在。

　　We call her Alice.

　　All of us considered him honest.

　　I want you to tell me the truth.

　　He has his hair cut once a month.

　　I think it our duty to help him.

　　完形填空解题技巧点拨(九)

　　11．词义辨析法

　　完形填空通常有词语辨析的考查题，需要考生具有较大的词汇量和良好的运用词语的技能。

　　一般情况下，完形填空的四个选项形式完全相同，所以要注意区分它们之间在意义上和搭配上的微小差别，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放在特定的语境里进行区分、判断，从而选出最佳答案。如：

　　【例1】But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real __54__.Would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel?

　　()54.A.decision　B．situation C．subject

　　D．problem

　　【解析】这四个选项都是名词，填入句中作宾语的话，语法都正确，但下一句“Would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel？”则清楚地告诉我们，“究竟把雪人放在何处”是抓住雪人的人们所面临的一个难以抉择的现实问题，故应填入problem才符合语境需要。

　　【例2】I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week.It was one of the most surprising and tiring games I've ever had.When Ed first phoned and __37__we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory.

　　()37.A.declared

　　B．mentionedC．persuaded

　　D．suggested

　　【解析】这四个选项都是动词的过去式，但是从搭配来看，只有declare 和suggest可以接从句；同时，若整个行文都是一般过去式，继而联想到suggest表示“建议”时，后边的从句常用“should＋动词原形”这一点，不难判断D项无论从意思上还是用法上都符合语境需要。

　　练习：根据词义辨析法选择最佳答案

　　Even after several weeks, every time I read this little story I start to cry：

　　My sister­in­law teaches physically and mentally handicapped children at a private school in Brooklyn.She recently __21__ a Special Olympics and went to the starting line of the 100­metre dash with six __22__ contestants.

　　As the starting whistle sounded, a boy tripped, fell and began to cry.All the other __23___stopped, turned and went back to help.Then they all __24__ hands and went on to the finish line together.Needless to say, everyone in the stands __25__.

　　Why am I so moved? There are tears of joy __26__ with tears of sadness.Tears of joy, just for the __27__ friendship, selflessness and love embodied (体现) by these children.Tears of sadness, just for how __28__ from such behavior we adults have wandered.Wouldn't it be nice if, at least once in a while, we could pause in our race for money and power; turn around to see the __29__ of those we have left behind; go back and __30__ these less able ones to their feet; and then walk forward together with them, arm in arm.

　　()21.A.witnessed

　　B．reportedC．interviewed

　　D．attended

　　()22.A.eager

　　B．smart

　　C．breathless

　　D．active

　　()23.A.players

　　B．members

　　C．runners

　　D．cheerleaders

　　()24.A.held

　　B．shook

　　C．took

　　D．clapped

　　()25.A.shouted

　　B．cheered

　　C．cried

　　D．yelled

　　()26.A.filled

　　B．mixed

　　C．joined

　　D．associated

　　()27.A.mature

　　B．unusual

　　C．common

　　D．pure

　　()28.A.long

　　B．easily

　　C．far

　　D．much

　　()29.A.suffering

　　B．shortcoming

　　C．surrounding

　　D．behaving

　　()30.A.comfort

　　B．support

　　C．carry

　　D．help

　　【答案】

　　21．D　考查学生根据上下文分析判断动词在语境中的应用能力(含有词义辨析方面的考查，作为残障儿童的老师带学生“参加”了一次“特奥会”)。

　　22．A　考查学生根据上下文语境进行形容词辨析和应用的能力(起跑线上参赛选手的心态)。

　　23．C　考查学生根据上下文语境确定名词词义的能力(赛跑选手应该是runners)。

　　24．A　考查学生根据上下文分析判断动词在语境中的应用能力(含有词义辨析方面的考查，残障儿童手挽手一起继续跑向终点)。

　　25．B　考查学生根据上下文分析判断动词在语境中的应用能力(含有词义辨析方面的考查，词义反映站台上的观众们的行为：“欢呼”比较适合此情此景)。

　　26．B　考查学生根据上下文分析判断非谓语动词在语境中的应用能力(含有词义辨析方面的考查，词义反映作者听了这个故事后的心境和状态：高兴的泪水与忧伤的泪水参半)。

　　27．D　考查学生根据上下文分析判断形容词在语境中的应用能力(高兴的泪水为残障儿童们“纯洁”的友谊、无私和爱而流)。

　　28．C　考查学生根据上下文分析判断副词在语境中的应用能力[作者反思我们成年人已经远离孩子们这种(高尚)行为了]。

　　29．A　考查学生根据上下文语境确定名词词义的能力(作者希望我们成年人在追逐金钱与权力的时候能够停下来，转身“关注”那些落在后面之人的“疾苦”)。

　　30．D　考查学生根据上下文分析判断动词在语境中的应用能力(含有词义辨析及词语搭配方面的考查：“帮助”那些人站起来)。