高中英语 词汇讲解（Unit 16　Scientists at work）人教版

　　Unit 16　Scientists at work Warming up,Listening and Speaking

　　词汇讲解

　　三点剖析

　　1....discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the following scientific discoveries...

　　讨论下列科学发现的优点和缺点……

　　advantage n.有利条件;优点

　　【典型例句】

　　Given a good education,Tom has an advantage over other boys.

　　接受过良好教育,汤姆比其他男孩占优势。

　　He always takes advantage of the mistakes made by others.他总是吸取别人所犯错误的教训。

　　Attending more scientific lectures is of great advantage to me.

　　多参加一些科学讲座对我很有益。

　　【要点归纳】

　　advantage作“优点，有利条件”讲时是可数名词;作“利益,好处”讲时是不可数名词。常用搭配:have/gain/win an advantage over...占/获得优势;take advantage of sth.利用;be to one’s advantage/to the advantage of...对某人有利;have the advantage of sb.较某人有利,比某人强。

　　【相关链接】

　　disadvantage是advantage的反义词,表示“不利,损失”时不可数,表示“不利的情况,不便之事”时可数。多用于搭配:be at a disadvantage处于不利地位;to one’s disadvantage对某人不利。例如:

　　It’s a disadvantage not to know English when you go abroad.

　　出国时不懂英语是个不利条件。

　　Your behavior is a disadvantage to your reputation.

　　你的行为有损你的声誉。完成句子

　　(1)The present international situation is _______________(对中国有利).

　　(2)In working out maths problems,my desk-mate ______________(比大部分女生强).

　　(3)I feel_______________(处于不利地位) playing with him.

　　(4)The Chinese government is trying to _________________(利用宝贵的时间) to develop the economy.

　　(5)Age and experience are __________________(他的主要优点).

　　答案:(1)to China’s advantage

　　(2)has the advantage of most of the girls

　　(3)at a disadvantage

　　(4)take advantage of the valuable time

　　(5)his main advantages

　　选择

　　（6）—How about the coins?

　　—Well,coins have many __________.They can be stored without worrying that they will rot away.

　　A.effects

　　B.advantages

　　C.disadvantages　D.uses

　　提示:由答语的后一句看出答案,应使用advantages(优点)。答案:B

　　2.It brings people more comfort.

　　它使人们更舒适。

　　comfort n.舒适;安慰

　　【典型例句】

　　I took comfort in her words,feeling more comfortable.

　　我从她的话中得到安慰,感到好受多了。

　　Taken good care of,the retired men live in comfort.

　　由于被照顾得很好,退休人员生活舒适。

　　Her success in her cause is a great comfort to her parents.

　　她在事业上的成功对父母来说一大慰藉。

　　These fivestar level hotels offer modern comforts.

　　这些五星级宾馆有现代化的设备。

　　【要点归纳】

　　comfort表示“安慰;舒服;舒适”不可数;指“使生活舒适之物;带来安慰的人或物”时可数。

　　【相关链接】

　　(1)comfort用作动词,表示“安慰;慰问”。例如:

　　It comforts me to know that the crew is safe.

　　机组人员平安无事的消息使我宽心。

　　No one comforted me when I was sad about my pet dog’s death.在我因宠物狗的死亡而悲伤时没有人安慰我。

　　(2)comfortable adj. 安慰的,舒适的,轻松的。反义词 uncomfortable　例如:

　　She wanted to find a comfortable job after graduation.

　　她毕业后想找个轻松的工作。

　　选择

　　(1)A hot cup of tea on a cold winter night is _________.

　　A.real comfort　

　　B.a real comfort

　　C.real comforts

　　D.real comfortable

　　提示:“使人安慰或舒服的人或事”,comfort用作可数名词。

　　答案:B

　　(2)I feel _______ at home than outside.

　　A.even comfortable 

　　B.much comfortable

　　C.much more comfortable

　　D.comfortabler

　　提示:comfortable是多音节词,故加more构成比较级,前面的much表示“程度”。

　　答案:C

　　翻译

　　(3)和你在一起真愉快。

　　_______________________________________

　　(4)我尽力安慰她从而使她平静下来。

　　_______________________________________

　　答案:

　　(3)It’s a comfort to be with you.

　　(4)I tried to comfort her to make her settle down.

　　3.It is unnecessary.

　　那是没有必要的。

　　unnecessary adj.不必要的;多余的

　　【典型例句】

　　Your rude reply is unnecessary.

　　你大可不必粗野地回答。

　　It’s unnecessary to telephone him at such time.

　　没有必要此时给他打电话。

　　Dictionaries are necessary to all students.

　　字典是学生都需要的。

　　It is necessary for him to do more in the house because his mother is ill.

　　他妈妈有病使他有必要做更多的家务。It’s necessary that we(should) improve the method of study.

　　我们有必要改进自己的学习方法。

　　【要点归纳】

　　necessary/unnecessary是指事物的形容词,作表语时,可用事物名词作主语,不能用人作主语。常用于下列两个句型:(1)It is necessary/unnecessary for sb.to do sth.(2)It’s necessary/unnecessary that+从句,都表示“某人有必要/没必要做某事”,但接从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。【相关链接】

　　There is no need(for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。例如:

　　There is no need to import so many cars now.

　　现在没有必要进口这么多汽车。改错

　　(1)He is necessary to get up early tomorrow morning.

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　(2)It is no need to send more fire fighters because the fire has been put out.

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　答案:

　　(1)It is necessary for him to get up early tomorrow morning./It is necessary that he should get up early next morning.

　　(2)It→There

　　选择

　　(3)We have found _________ necessary to put away some money for old age.

　　A.this

　　B.which

　　C.that

　　D.it

　　提示:it代替后面的不定式作形式宾语。

　　答案:D

　　(4)All agree that it is ____________ to bring in more foreign films in order to protect China’s film industry.

　　A.necessary

　　B.unnecessary

　　C.no need

　　D.much need

　　提示:句中的不定式短语暗示“没有必要进口更多的外国电影”,故使用unnecessary。

　　答案:B