2017届高考英语考前冲刺考纲词汇强化人教版选修8 unit 2《Cloning》课件

　　11. My English teacher’s humor was ______ make every student burst into laughter. A. so as to

　　B. such as to

　　C. such that

　　D. so that 解析：选B。such用作代词, 表示“这样，如此”。 12. The news ______ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper. A. which

　　B. whether

　　C. what

　　D. that 解析：选D。分析句子结构可知，that引导的同位语从句。 13. You are so fat that you should _____ the temptation to eat sweets. A. stop

　　B. refuse

　　C. resist

　　D. prevent 解析：选C。resist the temptation to do 表示“抵制住做某事的诱惑”。 14. Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you. A. so

　　B. and

　　C. but

　　D. yet 解析：选C。这是英语中的一个习惯句型：Excuse me, but...。 15. This magazine is very ______ with young people, who like its content and style. A. familiar

　　B. popular

　　C. similar

　　D. particular 解析：选B。be popular with sb. 表示“受某人的欢迎”。

　　假设你班就科学家是否应该克隆人进行了讨论，20％的同学赞成，认为其一：有利于促进该科学领域取得突破；其二：克隆智力过人的伟大科学家，人类将拥有更多有非凡贡献的人。80％的同学反对，因为这样违背社会道义，克隆人没有父母，无法像正常人一样生活，试谈谈你的看法。词数120字左右。 范文背诵

　　Did you ever imagine having a child that is the exact replica（复制品） of you? Did you ever imagine of having the cure for heart disease or cancer? Well, these fantasies are not far from reach. The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning. Cloning is the replication of an exact genetic copy of an organism by use of a somatic tissue (or cell) from the donor organism. Cloning can be used in humans, human organs, or even animals. There are many advantages and disadvantages of cloning.

　　A benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts. If a person has a dysfunctional（变形） liver or heart then they could get it cloned and get a brand new one. These are some of the benefits of cloning. Even though there are a lot of benefits to cloning, there are also a lot of disadvantages of cloning. One disadvantage is whether cloning is ethical. Cloning will bring up a great controversy on whether cloning is the “right” thing to do or not. This controversy is currently going on right now and will be even a greater controversy if the government allows cloning. Many people think that nature should just take its course. Other people think that cloning will be a very good thing to society. 句型背诵

　　①The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning.

　　②A benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts

　　③Even though there are a lot of benefits to cloning, there are also a lot of disadvantages of cloning. 1. _______

　　vi.不同；相异 → _______ adj.不同的 → _______ n.不同;不同之处 2. _______ adj.精确的;准确的 → _______ adv.精确地，准确地 3. _______ adj.商业的；贸易的→ _______ n.商业；贸易 4. _______ adj.简单的;直接的;坦率的 5. _______ n.程序;手续;步骤 6. _______ v.着手;从事;承担 7. ______ v. 反对；不赞成→ ______ n. 不赞成；反对；异议 8. ______ adj.道德（上）的;伦理的→ ______ adv.道德上地;伦理上地 9. ______ vt.&vi.积累;聚积→ ______ n.积累;聚积 10. ______ vi.退休;离开→ ______ n.退休 11. ______ vt.打扰；vi.操心;n.烦扰 12. ______ n.假定；设想→ ______ v.以为；设想；承担；呈现 13. ______ n.规则，规章;法规→ ______ v.规范；调节 → ______ adj.定期的，有规律的;正规的 14. ______ vt.抵抗，对抗→ ______ n.抵抗，反抗；抵抗力 → ______ adj.有抵抗力的 15. ______ adv.仅；只；不过→ ______ adj.仅仅的 答案：1. differ;different; difference

　　2. exact；exactly 3. commercial; commerce

　　4. straightforward

　　5. procedure 6. undertake

　　7. object; objection

　　8. moral; morally 9. accumulate;accumulation

　　10. retire；retirement

　　11. bother 12. assumption；assume

　　13. regulation; regulate; regular 14. resist; resistance; resistant

　　15. merely; mere 1. pay ______

　　得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 2. ______ down

　　沮丧；不愉快 3. ______ to

　　反对；不赞成 4. in ______ of

　　支持；赞成 5. be ______ to do...

　　一定或注定（做）…… 6. ______ ...into one’s heart

　　使……刻骨铭心 7. from ______ to time

　　不时；偶尔 8. bring ______ to life

　　使复生；使复活 9. in ______

　　白费力气；枉费心机 10. in good/poor ______

　　状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏） 答案：1. off

　　2. cast

　　3. object

　　4. favour

　　5. bound 6. strike

　　7. time

　　8. back

　　9. vain

　　10. condition The fact

　　______ she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.

　　多莉看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。 答案：that 1. undertake vt.着手;从事;承担；承诺，答应 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科学家从事这项实验。 I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。 He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。 常用结构： undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事 undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事 undertake that ... 保证…… 【即学即练】

　　完成句子 ①他欣然承担那项艰难的任务。 He

　　______ the difficult task willingly. ②他许诺当我们的向导。 He

　　______ ______ ______ our guide. 答案：①undertook ②undertook

　　to

　　be 单项填空 ③He _______ to improve the working conditions and the workers were expecting it. A. undertook

　　B. allowed C. answered

　　D. admitted 解析：选A。考查动词辨析。undertake此处意为“答应”相当于promise。 温馨提示：其过去式为：undertook;过去分词为：undertaken。 2. objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议 Nobody raised any objection to my doing it right now.

　　没人反对,我现在就做这件事。 The chief objection to the essay is its inappropriate use of special jargons.

　　这篇文章的主要缺点是专业术语用得不当。 【联想拓展】 object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，后接宾语时需要加介词to。oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语时不加介词to。但是在be opposed to中需要加介词to，表示“反对……，与……相反”。 object to sb./sth. 不赞成某人/某事(to为介词) object to （sb.）doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事 object that ...反对…… It was objected that ...有人反对…… 常用结构： have/make an objection to （doing）sth. 对……表示反对 【即学即练】

　　完成句子 ①我们反对受到这样的待遇。 We

　　_____ ______ ______

　　treated like this. ②母亲反对说，吉米身体太虚弱，不能承担那份工作。 Mother

　　______ ______

　　Jimmy was too weak to take up the job. 答案：①object to being

　　②objected that 3. obtain vt. 获得；赢得 I haven’t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。 He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。 常用结构： obtain sth. from sb./sth. 从……获得某物 obtain sth. by doing sth. 通过做某事获得某物

　　【易混辨析】 obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve obtain 意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或达到目的的意味，属正式用语。 acquire 意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等”，也可用于对财物等的“获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。 gain 意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处”；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。 earn 意为“挣得，赢得”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。 achieve 意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

　　【即学即练】 选词填空(obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve） ①I finally managed to ______ a copy of the report. ②It is through learning that the individual ______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations. ③An investor ______ by buying stocks that go up in value. ④How much do you _______ a week? ⑤The movie star ______ success and wealth. 答案：①obtain

　　②acquires

　　③gains

　　④earn

　　⑤achieved 4. owe vt. 欠（账，钱，人情等）；归功于…… He owes his father ￡50. =He owes ￡50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。 We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。 常用结构： owe ... to...

　　欠……；把……归功于；应感激…… owe ... to...for... 因……欠…… owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 owing to

　　因为，由于 【联想拓展】 owing adj. 欠的，未付的 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①他把自己的成功归功于他的父母！ He _______ his success_______ his parents! ②我们全靠牛顿才知道引力的原理。

　　We _______ the principle of gravitation ______ Newton. 答案：①owed; to

　　②owed;to 5. resist vt.抵抗；对抗 They were powerless to resist. 他们无力反抗。 Many young people could not resist the spiritual pollution. 很多年轻人不能抵制精神污染。 I can’t resist the temptation. 我不能抵挡诱惑。 常用结构： resist sth. 抵制；阻挡某事 resist doing sth. 反对做某事 can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事

　　be resistant to sb./sth. 对某人/某事有抵抗力 用法点拨：resist表示“忍得住”，常与can’t/couldn’t连用，后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①她忍不住要笑。 She

　　______ hardly ______

　　______

　　. ②我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。 I

　　______

　　______ baked apples. 答案：①could;resist laughing

　　②can’t resist 单项填空 ③She is overweight, but she can’t

　　______ the temptation to eat more delicious food.

　　A. forbid

　　B. attach

　　C. allow

　　D. resist 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。resist抵制；forbid禁止；attach吸引，粘上；allow允许。由句意可知，应选D。

　　6. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清；解雇 We will have more money to spend after we pay off our mortgage.

　　在付清贷款后,我们会有更多钱花。 The company has paid off some redundant employees.

　　公司在发放工资后解雇了一些多余的雇员。

　　【联想拓展】 pay for 付……的钱；为……而付出代价 pay back sth. (=pay sb. back sth.) 偿还；报复 pay sb. for sth.=pay sth. to sb. for sth. 付钱给某人作为……的费用 【即学即练】

　　单项填空 ①If you go for a long ride in a friend’s car, it’s the custom to offer to

　　_______ some of the expenses.

　　A. pay

　　B. pay off

　　C. pay for

　　D. pay back 解析：选C。此处表达偿付一部分费用。pay for 付……的钱。 用与pay相关的词组填空 ②After ten years of hard working she finally _____ _____

　　her debt.

　　③Our efforts are sure to

　　______ _______. ④Have you ______ the money ______ the bank yet? 答案：②paid off

　　③pay off

　　④paid; to 7. in favour of 赞成，支持 Everyone in the class voted in favour of the competition. 班里的每个人都投票赞成参加那个竞赛。 【联想拓展】 in sb.’s favour 对某人有利 do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙 do sb. the favour to do sth.=do sb. a favour by doing sth. 帮忙做…… Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I can’t make it? 你能帮我个忙告诉凯利我没法做成吗？ 温馨提示：do sb.a favour(do a favour for sb.)帮助某人(在该短语中带有不定冠词a, 但当后边带动词不定式作定语时，favour前的冠词应为the)。 【即学即练】

　　单项填空 ①He argued

　　_____ a strike. A. in favour of

　　B. in honour of C. in face of

　　D. in need of 解析：选A。考查短语辨析。in favour of支持;in honour of为了纪念……;in face of面对；in need of需要。由句意可知，选A。 ②I don’t like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder if you could ______ me a favour.

　　A. make

　　B. do

　　C. find

　　D. get 解析：选B。do sb. a favour帮助某人，符合句意。 温馨提示：当表示“支持，赞同某人/某事”时除用in favour of之外；其他常用：be for sb./sth. stand by; stand on one’s side等。表示“不支持，不赞同某人/某事”时用be against sb./sth. 8. be bound to do 一定；注定(做) 【联想拓展】 be bound for 去，准备去…… be bound up with ...与……有密切关系 be bound to sth.受……限制；被……束缚

　　【即学即练】 完成句子 ①明天天气一定会变得更好。 The weather

　　_____ _____ ______

　　get better tomorrow. ②你下了这么多工夫, 一定能考及格。 You’ve done so much work that you _____ _____ ______ pass the exam. ③这艘轮船前往青岛。 This ship

　　______ ______ ______

　　Qingdao. 答案：①is bound to

　　②are bound to

　　③is bound for 9. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.(P11) 她（多莉羊）似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。 that she seemed to develop normally是一个同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。同位语从句一般由that引导，常放在fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。当先行词是problem，question或当主句是表示疑问或否定意思时，连接词要用whether或其他的疑问代词或副词。 The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.他当选美国总统的消息是真的。 The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。 I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。 10. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.（P11） 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。 now, then位于句首，谓语是come, go, appear等时句子用全部倒装。 Now comes your turn. 轮到你了。 【即学即练】 单项填空 In the dark forests_______ , some large enough to hold several English towns.

　　A. stand many lakes

　　B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie

　　D. many lakes stand 解析：选B。考查词语辨析以及倒装。地点状语放在句首时，谓语常是come， go， lie, stand等且主语是名词或名词词组时主句用全部倒装。表示某物存在某处，动词应用lie。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写

　　1. The role of the news u______ informing public opinion is of great importance.

　　2. The small town looks e_____ as it did when it was built 200 years ago.

　　3. I’m sorry to d______ you so late, but I was wondering if I could use your phone.

　　4. For a teacher to hit a child is not just m______ wrong but also illegal. 5. These profits are based on the a______ that prices will continue to rise. 6. The treatment won’t cure her - it m______ stops the pain. 7. The law f_____ the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16.

　　8. We have worked out a new set of p_____ for using this machine. 9. No one o______ when the manager said it was time to go home.

　　10. Every servant will r_____ from his position at the age of 60. 答案：1. undertaken

　　2. exactly

　　3. disturb

　　4. morally 5. assumption

　　6. merely

　　7. forbids

　　8. procedures9. objected 10. retire Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 be cast down/object to/in favour of/be bound to (do)/ from time to time/bring back to life/pay off/in good condition/in vain/cast down 1. During my stay in Japan my sister visited me _______ . 2. I _______ to know that she failed in the final exam.

　　3. All your efforts will _______. Just keep it up!

　　4. All those present at the meeting _______ the plan.

　　5. He has made full preparations for the exam. He

　　______ succeed.

　　6. Are there anyone ______ human cloning?

　　7. I think some day dinosaurs may be

　　______ through cloning.

　　8. All our hard work was ______. 9. Keepers said the pandas were ______ . 10. They _______ their weapons at last. 答案：1. from time to time

　　2. was cast down

　　3. pay off 4. objected to

　　5. is bound to

　　6. in favour of 7. brought back to life

　　8. in vain

　　9. in good condition 10. cast down

　　Ⅲ. 同义句转换 1. At the beginning, he was against my proposal. However, in the end, he changed his mind.

　　At first he hesitated about my suggestion, but he ______ _______

　　agreed. 2. Later they learnt that an earthquake had taken place in that area.

　　Then

　　______ ______ ______ that the area had been hit by an earthquake. 3. Although he was not strong, he joined in the work.

　　_______ ______ _______ weakness, he took part in the work. 答案：1. at last

　　2. came the news

　　3. Despite of his Ⅳ. 根据要求改写句子 The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. (改写成两个句子)

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　2. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. （改写成正常语序） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1. The fact is that she seemed to develop normally. The fact was very encouraging. 2. The disturbing news then came that Dolly had become seriously ill. Ⅴ. 完成句子 1. Tell your parents the truth, for they _____ _____ ______

　　(注定) know all about it. 2. The project raised

　　______ ______ ______ ______

　　(巨大的反对)and had a great impact on the villagers. 3. Though he

　　______ ______ ______ _____（赞成）the plan, he didn’t make straightforward replies. 4. He _______ ______ (已经积累) a lot of teaching experience during the past 10 years. 5. His assumption that human beings can clone animals

　　_______ _______（证实）at last. 答案：1. are bound to

　　2. a storm of objections 3. was in favour of

　　4. has accumulated

　　5. was proved

　　Ⅵ. 单项填空 1. After three years of hard work, they had at last paid _____ all the money they had borrowed. A. For

　　B. out

　　C. in

　　D. back 解析：选D。pay back表示“偿还，还清”，pay for 支付； pay out 花费。 2. He’s obviously quite embarrassed about it because he forbade me

　　______ telling anyone. A. for

　　B. from

　　C. off

　　D. of 解析：选B。forbid sb. from doing 禁止某人做某事。 3. Scientists have reached the ______ conclusion that the amount of solar energy reaching the earth’s surface has been gradually falling. A. satisfying

　　B. exact

　　C. disturbing

　　D. hopeful 解析：选C。disturbing表示“令人不安的”，修饰conclusion。 4. What guided your choice of destination or was it _______? A. arbitrary

　　B. unexpected

　　C. exciting

　　D. natural 解析：选A。arbitrary表示“任意的”。句意为：你是根据什么做出的选择，还是任意的？ 5. Unfortunately, the government has shown that it will _____ the plans to build thousands of homes for people in the South Hams. A. object

　　B. agree

　　C. object to

　　D. agree to 解析：选C。object to表示“拒绝，不赞成”, to为介词。 6. The law ____ the sales of cigarette to people under the age of 16. A. encourages

　　B. allows

　　C. forbids

　　D. helps 解析：选C。考查动词辨析。forbid表示“禁止”。句意为：法律禁止把烟卖给16岁以下的孩子。 7. He tried to run away from the police and was charged with _______ arrest. A. controlling

　　B. resisting

　　C. winning

　　D. losing 解析：选B。句意为：他尽力地想摆脱警察，所以被控告拒捕。resist抵制，抵抗。 8. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _______ spoken in England. A. which

　　B. what

　　C. that

　　D. the one 解析：选C。that 指代前面的名词English, spoken过去分词作定语。 9. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ______.

　　A. collected

　　B. contained

　　C. loaded

　　D. saved 解析：选B。contain表示“含有，内含”，句意为：小约翰尼摸着包，很想知道包里装的是什么。 10. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

　　—Yes, since she _____ the Chinese Society. A. has joined

　　B. joins

　　C. had joined

　　D. joined 解析：选D。考查时态。join这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去式。