黑龙江省名校高三英语语法专题第10讲定语从句

　　一、关系代词的考查 1．下列情况中常用that引导定语从句，不用which (1)当先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，much，little，few等不定代词时。 There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他做那件事。 (2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 (4)当先行词被the very，the only，the just等词修饰时。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 (5)当先行词前有who，which等疑问代词或先行词是who时。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门边的那个人是谁？ (6)当先行词既有人也有物时。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 他们讨论他们记得的学校里的人和事。 2．下列情况只用which引导定语从句，不用that (1)关系词前有介词时。 This is the room in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年住过的房间。 (2)非限制性定语从句中。 He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father angry.他数学考试没有及格，这让他父亲很生气。 3．who和that的区别 当先行词指人时，可以用who，也可以用that；当those指人时，只用who引导定语从句。 People usually dislike those who are always late. 人们通常不喜欢那些总是迟到的人。 4．way作先行词时，其后的限制性定语从句常由that，in which来引导，引导词常被省略 The way(that/in which) she thought of to get enough money was to sell her hair. 她能想到的得到足够的钱的方法是卖掉她的头发。 5．whose引导定语从句时在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物 I like to live in a house whose window faces to the east. 我喜欢住在窗子向东开的房子里。 6．as和which引导非限制性定语从句的异同 (1)as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代指前面整个句子。 He is from the south，as/which we can know from his accent.他是南方人，我们可以从他的口音上知道。 (2)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句，且常见于as is (well)known(to sb.)，as it is，as is said above等句型中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常有“正如，正像”的含义，which则无此义。 He said he had been to Paris more than ten times，which I didn't believe. 他说他去过巴黎10多次，这一点我不相信。 As is known to all，China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 7．as引导的定语从句 当先行词由the same，such或as来修饰时，用as引导定语从句。 He is not the same person as he was. 他和以前不一样了。 You can take as many as you need. 你可以根据需要尽量拿。 二、关系副词的考查 1．关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 I don't know the reason why she looks unhappy today. 我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。 From the time when he was little，he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 从小时候起，他就已经知道长大后做什么了。 2．关系副词引导的定语从句可以用“介词＋关系代词”来替代。 The house where(in which)I lived 10 years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住过的房子已经被拆除了。 三、介词和关系代词的搭配考查 在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指物)。 1．介词的选择 介词的选择可依据以下几个标准： (1)看介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯性搭配； (2)看介词和前面先行词的习惯性搭配； (3)表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分常用of； (4)看介词和定语从句中形容词的习惯性搭配。 Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？ The man with whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing.在会议中我与之谈话的那个人是从北京来的。 2．不定代词some，all，any，neither...＋of＋关系代词 There are many apples on the table，some of which are red.桌子上有很多苹果，其中一些是红色的。 3．复合介词＋关系代词 We settled down in a small village，in front of which ran a winding river.我们在一个小村庄安顿下来，小村庄的前面有一条弯弯曲曲的小河。 4．形容词的比较级/最高级＋关系代词 She has three sons，the oldest of whom is a PLA man. 她有三个儿子，最大的一个是位解放军战士。 5．名词/数词＋关系代词 There are sixty students in our class，twenty of whom are girls.我们班有60名学生，其中20名是女生。