2017年高考英语考前冲刺：书面表达高级句型锁定

　　2017年高考英语考前冲刺书面表达高级句型锁定

　　1.我想我尽量少浪费你的时间。

　　误：I think I’m going to waste your time as less as possible.

　　正：I think I’m going to take up your time as less as possible. 

　　分析： “浪费你的时间”实际上是“占用你的时间”的委婉说法，并不是真的去“浪费”。waste是指实实在在的浪费，并且有故意浪费的意思。

　　2. 有困难请找警察。

　　误：Please look for the police if you have problems.

　　正：Please contact the police if you have problems.

　　分析： “找警察”不是“寻找警察”，而是“与警察取得联系”，故look for与find都不妥。

　　3. 旅行能开阔我们的视野。

　　误：Travel can open our horizon.

　　正：Travel can broaden our horizon.

　　分析： “开阔视野”在英语里应该是widen/broaden/expand sb.’s horizon,动词不能用open。

　　4. 在没来这儿之前我已经学了三年英语了。

　　误：I had learned English for three years before I didn’t come here.

　　正：I had learned English for three years before I came here.分析：很明显，错句受了汉语思维的影响。“在没来这儿之前”和“在来这儿之前”在汉语里都是对的，而英语里用before I came。He had left before I came.我还没到他就走了。或：他在我来之前就已离开了。Take the book before I change my mind.在我没改变主意之前，把书拿走吧。

　　5. 他的足球玩得非常好，没有人能够赢他。

　　误：He plays football very good, no one can win him.

　　正：He plays football so well that no one can beat him.

　　分析：汉语中的因果关系非常明确，用英语表达时，要用so...that来表达此逻辑关系。win是指在比赛或战斗中“赢得或获得胜利”，其宾语多为表示比赛、战斗、奖品等的名词；beat一般用于比赛中打败或战胜对手，其宾语一般是人。

　　.——你弄到足球比赛的票没有？

　　——没有，票价太贵了。

　　误：—Have you got a ticket for the football match?

　　—No, the price is too expensive.

　　正：—Have you got a ticket for the football match?

　　—No, the price is too high.

　　分析：在英语表达中，修饰the price用high或low。. 他生病了，这使他这几天的精神状态非常糟糕。

　　误：His being ill makes his spirit state very poor these days.

　　正：His being ill makes his state of mind very poor these days.

　　分析：英语中表示“精神状态”用state of mind,而不是spirit state。

　　. 他们出发晚了，到达机场时只剩下几分钟的时间。

　　误：They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to leave. 

　　正：They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to spare.

　　分析：money/time to spare是习惯用法。

　　. 最近我的胃经常出问题。

　　误：Recently I often had problems with my stomach.

　　正：Recently I often had trouble with my stomach.

　　分析：表示人的身体等部位出现了问题/不舒服时不用problem而用trouble。

　　. 警察正在那座房子里搜查罪犯。

　　误：The police were searching the criminal in that house.

　　正：The police were searching the house for the criminal.

　　分析： “在房子里搜查罪犯”指的是“搜查房子找罪犯”，地道的表达应该是“search the house for the criminal”。

　　我想电脑已经关了，但我最好还是去看一下。

　　误：I think the computer has been turned off, but I’d better go and see.

　　正：I think the computer has been turned off, but I’d better go and make sure.

　　分析： “go and see”是典型的中式翻译，make sure则是“弄清楚，弄明白”的意思。

　　2. 门口有个告示牌，上面写着“禁止吸烟”。

　　误：There is a sign at the gate, writing “No smoking”.

　　正：There is a sign at the gate, reading “No smoking”.

　　分析：门口的告示牌应该是我们看到的内容，所以要用reading。

　　3. 他不能接受这份工作的原因是他要照顾他的母亲。

　　误：The reason why he couldn’t accept the job was because he had to take care of his mother.

　　正：The reason why he couldn’t accept the job was that he had to take care of his mother.

　　分析： “the reason why...is that...”意思是“……的原因是……”。why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。多数人容易受汉语思维影响选用because。

　　4. 我会使用电脑，但若一谈到修理它们，我就一窃不通了。

　　误：I can use the computer, but when I talk about repairing them, I know nothing.

　　正：I can use the computer, but when it comes to repairing them, I know nothing.

　　分析： “when it comes to...”为习惯用语，意为 “一谈到，涉及到……”。

　　5. 他是我最不想见的一个人。

　　误：He is the person I don’t want to see very much.

　　正：He is the last person that I want to see.

　　分析：the last person/thing最不想见的人/物。

　　This is the last thing I would never want to do.

　　这是我最不愿做的一件事情。

　　辨析“the last + n +to do; the last + n.+定语从句”中的

　　last的意思为“least willing/likely”，译为“最不愿意，最不可能”。

　　He’s the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。

　　He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人。

　　She’s the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴会上最不愿与之挨着坐的女人。

　　. One can’t be too honest. 人越老实越好。

　　辨析句型“cannot...too...”意为“无论怎样……也不过分”或“越……越好”。该句型中的not可以换成 hardly, never或scarcely; too可以换成over或enough等，意思不变。

　　You cannot be too careful.=You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.你越仔细越好。

　　A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。

　　. It’s a wise man that never makes a mistake.

　　无论多么聪明的人，也难免犯错误。

　　辨析“It is a + adj.+ n.+ that...”结构是习惯用法，意思是“无论怎样的……也不……”。句子的真正意思与字面意思相反，它具有含蓄的让步意味，切不可望文生义将其译成强调句型。

　　It’s a long lane that has no turning.无论多么长的巷子，它都有转弯处。(引申意义为：耐心等待，终会时来运转。)

　　It’s a good horse that never stumbles.再好的马也有失蹄的时候。(引申意义为：金无足赤，人无完人。)

　　. I’m too anxious to know the result. 我极想知道结果。

　　辨析英语中“too...to...”结构为“太……以致不能”的意思。例如：The star is too small to see.但是，如果too后形容词表示主语的状态、心理活动或情感态度(常见的有glad, easy, ready, anxious, eager, willing, happy等)，并与其后的不定式构成固定搭配，这时too含有肯定意义，表示“very,

　　extremely”的意思。

　　They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离去。

　　Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生极想见到她。

　　It’s three years since he was a teacher. 他不当教师已经三年了。

　　辨析(1)在“It is some time since+主语+谓语+其他成分”这一结构中，如果从句谓语动词是非延续性动词，那么时间的计算就从该动作的发生开始算起。

　　It’s two years since he joined the army.他参军已经两年了。

　　(2)如果从句谓语动词是延续性动词，那么时间就要从该动作的结束算起。

　　It’s many years since they lived here. 他们不在这儿住已经好多年了。

　　. All that glitters is not gold.闪光的东西不一定都是金子。

　　辨析在句中当不定代词all, both, every及every的复合词，副词always, often, entirely等与not一起使用时，表示部分否定，意思是“并非都是，不是每个都”。

　　I don’t remember all these formulas. 这些公式我并非全都记得。

　　Every man cannot do it.并非每个人都能做这个。

　　I don’t entirely agree with you.我并不完全同意你的看法。

　　注意：当all, both, every等词和带im-,in-,un-, dis-和-less等表示否定意义的前后缀的词连用时，谓语动词使用肯定式表示全部否定的意义。

　　All your answers are incorrect.你所有的答案都不正确。

　　表示全部否定时，我们常使用no, none, nobody, nothing, never, nowhere, neither等词。

　　None of the teachers smoke.这些老师都不抽烟。

　　. The mountain is not valuable because it is high.山并不因为高而具有价值。(山不在高)

　　辨析含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，形式上虽然否定主句的谓语，然而意义上则是否定该原因状语，译为“并不因为……而……”。

　　You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn’t want to buy.你不能仅仅因为他告诉你他不想买就走开。

　　Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.

　　伽利略并不因为亚里士多德说过某事如何如何，就轻易相信它。

　　. I didn’t pretend to understand what he said.

　　我假装没明白他说的话。

　　辨析常用动词pretend, happen等的否定形式有两种：既可以否定pretend,又可以否定其后的不定式，其意义不变。

　　I didn’t happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那儿。

　　They didn’t pretend to see me when I went by. =They pretended not to see me when I went by.当我经过的时候，他们假装没有看见我。

　　. Let’s have a rest under the big tree. It’s nice and cool here.

　　让我们在大树下歇会吧。这儿很凉快。

　　辨析nice and, good and都表示“很，非常，完全”的意思。and前的形容词实际上起副词作用，修饰后边的形容词，表示强调。I am good and ready.

　　我都准备好了。It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷。

　　. The doctor did what he could to save the patient. 医生尽力救治病人。

　　辨析did what he could中省略了do,其后的不定式作状语。该句相当于The doctor did all he could to save the patient。He has done all he could to help us.他已尽力帮助我们了。